Download - 4-3 Terrestrial Biomes Biomes site
4-3 Terrestrial Biomes Biomes site Biome A. Complex terrestrial
communities that: 1. covers a large area. 2. characterized by
certain soil and climate conditions. 3. particular assemblages of
plants and animals. 2. Tolerance A. Plants and animals are adapted
to exist in particular environments. B. Allows them to survive in
different conditions.
C. They can tolerate some fluctuations in conditions, but generally
dont survive outside their particular climate. 3. Biomes and
Climate A. Climate generally stays the same within any particular
biome. B.Microclimates is the climate in a small area that differs
then the surrounding climate. 4. Major Biomes A. Ecologist
recognize at least ten major biomes B. Include: 1. Tropical rain
forest 2. Tropical dry forest 3. Tropical savanna 4. Desert 5.
Temperate grassland 6. Temperate woodland and shrubland 7.
Temperate forest 8. Northwestern coniferous forest 9. Boreal forest
10. Tundra C. Each biome is defined by a unique set of abiotic
factors and a characteristic assemblage of plants and animals. D.
Fig. 4-11; pg. 99 Tropical Rain Forest Climate Characteristic
Plants
Characteristic Animals hot and wet year-round (25-30C) nutrient
poor soils precipitation year round (usually more than 100 mm per
month) ferns, broad-leafed evergreen trees, woody vines, climbing
plants, orchids, bromeliads tall trees (50-80m) forming canopy
sloth, tapirs, capybaras, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, toucans,
parrots, parakeets, butterflies, beetles, ants, piranhas, caymans,
anacondas Tropical Rain Forest Parts of south and central
America,
Southeast Asia, parts of Africa, southern India, Northeastern
Australia Tropical Dry Forest Climate Characteristic Plants
Characteristic Animals warm year-round Alternating wet and dry
seasons Precipitation mm per month Tall, deciduous trees that form
a dense canopy during the wet season, aloes, succulents, orchids,
bromeliads tigers, monkeys, elephants, Indian rhinoceroses, hog
deer, hornbills, pied harriers, spot-billed pelicans, insects,
snakes, monitor lizards Tropical Dry Forest Parts of Africa, South
and Central America, Mexico, India, Australia, tropical islands
Tropical Savannas Climate Characteristic Plants Characteristic
Animals
Precipitation between mm per month 25C to 30C Warm temperatures,
seasonal rainfall Tall perennial grasses; sometimes trees or shrubs
acacia tree lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, jackals, aardvarks,
elephants, giraffes, antelope, zebra, baboons, eagles, ostriches,
insects Tropical Savanna Large parts of eastern Africa, southern
Brazil, northern Australia Desert Climate Characteristic Plants
Characteristic Animals
less than 25 cm of rain per year Varies greatly with elevation and
altitude 15-35C hot summers, cold winters (some are hot all year)
sparse vegetation cactus, small plants, creosote bush, succulents
mountain lion, gray fox, bobcats, mule deer, pronghorn antelope,
desert bighorn sheep, kangaroo rats, bats, owls, hawks,
roadrunners, ants, beetles, butterflies, tortoises, rattlesnakes,
lizards DesertAfrica, Asia, the Middle East, united States, Mexico,
South America, Australia Temperate Grassland Climate Characteristic
Plants
Characteristic Animals precipitation between mm per month 10C to
30C cold winters, hot summers Lush, perennial grasses and herbs
coyotes, badgers, wolves, grizzly bears, mule deer, pronghorn
antelope, rabbits, prairie dogs, hawks, owls, bobwhites, prairie
chickens, snakes, insects Temperate Grasslands Central Asia, North
America, Australia, central Europe,South America Temperate Woodland
and Shrubland
Climate CharacteristicPlants Characteristic Animals Precipitation
0-75 mm per month Temperature 10C - 20C Hot, dry summers; cool
moist winters; nutrient poor soils, periodic fires Woody evergreen
shrubs with small leathery leaves; fragrant, oily herbs, oak trees
Coyotes, foxes, bobcats, mountain lions, blacktailed deer, rabbits,
squirrels, hawks, quails, warblers, lizards, snakes, butterflies
Temperate Woodland and Shrubland
Western coasts of North and South America, areas around the
Mediterranean Sea, South Africa, Australia Temperate Forest Climate
Characteristic Plants Characteristic Animals
Precipitation mm per month Temperature 0C-30C Fertile soil Cold to
moderate winters; warm summers Broadleaf deciduous trees, some
coniferous trees, Flowering shrubs, herbs, mosses and ferns Deer,
black bears, bobcats, squirrels, raccoons, skunks, songbirds,
turkeys Temperate Forest eastern U. S
Temperate Forest eastern U.S., SE Canada, , most Europe, parts of
Japan, China, and Australia Northwestern Coniferous Forest
Climate Characteristic Plants Characteristic Animals Precipitation
mm per month Temperature 5C - 20C Fall, winter, spring, relatively
cool; dry summer, rocky acidic soil Douglas fir, Sitka spruce,
western hemlock, redwood Bears, elk, deer, beavers, owls, bobcats,
weasels, squirrels Northwestern Coniferous Forest
Pacific coast or NW U.S., Canada, N. Ca to Alaska Boreal Forest
(Coniferous Forest)/ Taiga
Climate Characteristic Plants Characteristic Animals -25C to 15C
10-70 mm precipitation per month Short, cool summers; long, cold
winters; high humidity Needle leaf coniferous trees fir, pines,
spruce; cone-bearing evergreen shrubs; some deciduous trees Lynx,
timber wolves, weasels, moose, beavers, songbirds, migratory birds
Boreal North America, Asia, Northern Europe Tundra Climate
Characteristic Plants Characteristic Animals
-30C to 5C (barely above freezing) little precipitation (0-20 mm
per month) permafrost present; strong winds; short and soggy
summers, long, cold and dark winters (small ground-hugging plants)
mosses, grasses, shrubs, dwarf trees, lichen, sedges Migratory
waterfowl, shore birds, musk ox, arctic foxes, caribou, lemmings,
insects, wolves, hares, snowy owl, Tundra northern N. America,
Asia, Europe