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3D printing human tissues for medical, legal, and educational uses
Jacques Eric Timothy Zaneveld
Note: All models and images thereof were made by us
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3D Printing -Additive Manufacturing
• 3D Printing works by depositing tiny layers of material
• Any shape can be made on the same machine
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3D printing workflow: the hard part is getting a good computer model
Raw Data
Remove unwanted tissue
Raw model
Render in 3D
Final model Artist cleanup
3D printing
Physical model
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Example project: Medical malpractice lawsuit
• Our client wanted an easily understood life sized model of a patient injury.
• The patient had a spinal chord constriction leading to him being paralyzed.
• We agreed to make models portraying the injury.
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Raw Spine data - MRI
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Bone was identified by hand
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The low quality data (5mm slices) lead to a blocky model
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A normal spine was fit to this data to generate the final model
The model was cut in half, showing the constriction
(below)
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The constriction in the patient’s model was clearly visible.
Patient spine Healthy spine
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The final print clearly shows the injury
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These models are being used in an ongoing lawsuit
Each model was printed in two parts to allow easy viewing of both the interior and exterior.
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Many designs, colors, and sizes of objects can be constructed
We can customize everything to client specifications
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• Inputs:– Stacks of 2D images (dicom, .png, .bmp, etc)– Mesh files (.obj, .stl) – Matlab files / raw voxel data (.mat, .nii)– 3D modeling program outputs (.blend)
• Output:– Any size within 21cm X 21cm X 22cm– Any color (But only one color per piece)– Resolution: better than .06mm
Input / output possibilities
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Ongoing projects:
• Printing patient brain lesions and tumors
• Making models of developing babies from ultrasound data
• Making scientific equipment