3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 II.2.9b – slide II.2.9b – slide 11 of 40 of 40IAEA Post Graduate Educational CourseIAEA Post Graduate Educational Course
Radiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation SourcesRadiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources
Part IIPart II Quantities and MeasurementsQuantities and Measurements
Module 2Module 2 Dosimetric Calculations and Dosimetric Calculations and MeasurementsMeasurements
Session 9bSession 9b Tissue Equivalent DetectorsTissue Equivalent Detectors
Session II.2.9bSession II.2.9b
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OverviewOverview
Tissue equivalent (TE) detectors and TE Tissue equivalent (TE) detectors and TE phantoms will be discussedphantoms will be discussed
Students will learn about ion chambers, Students will learn about ion chambers, proportional counters, TE phantoms, bubble proportional counters, TE phantoms, bubble detectors, scintillation detectors, gel detectors, scintillation detectors, gel detectors, and thermoluminescent detectors, and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)dosimeters (TLDs)
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ContentContent
Ion chambersIon chambers Thimble chambersThimble chambers Proportional countersProportional counters Tissue equivalent (TE) phantomsTissue equivalent (TE) phantoms Bubble detectorsBubble detectors Scintillation detectorsScintillation detectors Gel detectorsGel detectors Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
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Tissue Equivalent (TE) DetectorsTissue Equivalent (TE) Detectors
Goal is to simulate, as closely as possible, the Goal is to simulate, as closely as possible, the radiation dose response in the detector to that radiation dose response in the detector to that of human tissueof human tissue
This includes response to different kinds of This includes response to different kinds of radiation, including gamma rays and neutronsradiation, including gamma rays and neutrons
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Human Tissue CompositionHuman Tissue Composition
ElementElement ICRU (1977) ICRU (1977) Muscle (%)Muscle (%)
ICRP Skeletal ICRP Skeletal Muscle (%)Muscle (%)
Whole Whole Body (%)Body (%)
HH 10.210.2 10.0610.06 10.510.5
OO 72.972.9 75.4875.48 67.767.7
CC 12.312.3 10.7810.78 18.718.7
NN 3.53.5 2.772.77 3.13.1
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Types of TE DetectorsTypes of TE Detectors
Ion chambersIon chambers Thimble chambersThimble chambers Proportional countersProportional counters Tissue equivalent phantomsTissue equivalent phantoms Bubble detectorsBubble detectors Scintillation detectorsScintillation detectors Gel detectorsGel detectors Thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs)Thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs)
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Model 2 Spokas TE Ion ChamberModel 2 Spokas TE Ion Chamber
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TE and OtherTE and OtherConducting PlasticsConducting Plastics
Examples of TE and other conducting Examples of TE and other conducting plastics used for radiation detection include:plastics used for radiation detection include:
A150A150
C552C552
D400D400
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Comparison of A150 TE PlasticComparison of A150 TE Plasticto Human Tissueto Human Tissue
ElementElement A150 TE A150 TE Plastic (%)Plastic (%)
Human Human Tissue (%)Tissue (%)
HH 10.210.2 10.510.5
OO 5.25.2 67.767.7
CC 76.176.1 18.718.7
NN 3.53.5 3.13.1
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Miniature ShonkaMiniature ShonkaThimble ChamberThimble Chamber
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Radiation Dose and SpaceflightRadiation Dose and SpaceflightTE Phantom TorsoTE Phantom Torso
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TE Phantom in MockupTE Phantom in Mockup
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TE Phantom withTE Phantom withDetectors Shown on X-rayDetectors Shown on X-ray
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Radiation Dose and SpaceflightRadiation Dose and Spaceflight
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TE Proportional CounterTE Proportional Counter(TEPC)(TEPC)
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TEPC andTEPC andAssociated ElectronicsAssociated Electronics
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TEPC forTEPC forSpace Dosimetry ApplicationsSpace Dosimetry Applications
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Medical TE PhantomsMedical TE Phantoms
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TE Bubble DetectorsTE Bubble Detectorsfor Space Applicationsfor Space Applications
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TE Bubble DetectorsTE Bubble Detectorsfor Space Applicationsfor Space Applications
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Neutron TE Bubble DetectorNeutron TE Bubble Detector
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TE Bubble Detectors onTE Bubble Detectors onMIR Space StationMIR Space Station
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TE Neutron DetectorTE Neutron Detector
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Principle of OperationPrinciple of OperationScintillator DetectorsScintillator Detectors
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TE Plastic ScintillatorsTE Plastic Scintillators
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Plastic ScintillatorPlastic ScintillatorDetector AssemblyDetector Assembly
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Tissue-Equivalent ScintillatorsTissue-Equivalent Scintillators
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TE Detectors - Cosmic Ray Dose TE Detectors - Cosmic Ray Dose Measurements in High Altitude FlightsMeasurements in High Altitude Flights
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Dose DistributionsDose Distributions
TE Detectors - Cosmic Ray Dose TE Detectors - Cosmic Ray Dose Measurements in High Altitude FlightsMeasurements in High Altitude Flights
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Gel TE DosimetersGel TE Dosimeters
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GEL Dosimeters forGEL Dosimeters forX-Ray ApplicationsX-Ray Applications
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GEL Dosimeters forGEL Dosimeters forX-Ray ApplicationsX-Ray Applications
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Thermoluminescent Dosimeter Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)(TLD)
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SummarySummary
Tissue equivalent (TE) detectors and TE Tissue equivalent (TE) detectors and TE phantoms were discussedphantoms were discussed
Students learned about ion chambers, Students learned about ion chambers, proportional counters, TE phantoms, proportional counters, TE phantoms, bubble detectors, scintillation detectors, bubble detectors, scintillation detectors, gel detectors, and thermoluminescent gel detectors, and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)dosimeters (TLDs)
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Hine, G. J. and Brownell, G. L., (Ed. ), Hine, G. J. and Brownell, G. L., (Ed. ), Radiation Radiation DosimetryDosimetry, Academic Press (New York, 1956), Academic Press (New York, 1956)
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3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 II.2.9b – slide II.2.9b – slide 4040 of 40 of 40
Where to Get More InformationWhere to Get More Information
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Firestone, R.B., Baglin, C.M., Frank-Chu, S.Y., Eds., Firestone, R.B., Baglin, C.M., Frank-Chu, S.Y., Eds., Table of Isotopes (8Table of Isotopes (8thth Edition, 1999 update), Wiley, Edition, 1999 update), Wiley, New York (1999)New York (1999)
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