Download - 3.1 Organ Systems Page 164-165. Cells There are over 300 different kinds of cells in the human body
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3.1 Organ Systems
Page 164-165
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Cells
• There are over 300 different kinds of cells in the human body www.nature.com
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Cell specialization
1. The contents of the cytoplasmnature.com
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Cell specialization
2. Environmental conditions:-temperature-nutrients present/absent dogs-cats.wikia.com
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Cell Specialization
3. The influence of neighbouring cellswww.pnas.org
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Abnormal cells
• Due to environmental toxins
en.wikipedia.org
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Tissues
• There are four kinds of tissues in the human body.
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Tissue type #1: epithelial
• Covering protects our organs• Lines body cavities• Covers the surface of the body• Forms a barrier
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epithelial
1. Skin epithelia: thin, flat cells form sheets, semi-permeable barrier
2. Columnal epithelia: columns of cells, secrete mucus, cilia, absorb materials
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Tissue type #2: Connective
• Provides strength, support, protects, binds, or connects tissues
• Holds various parts of the body together• Examples: cartilage, bone, fat, blood
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bone
• Calcium-hardened tissue surrounds cells
www. educationportal.com
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Fat (adipose tissue)
• Large, tightly packed cells• Found under skin and around organs• Energy storage, padding and insulation
Kentsimmons.uwinnepeg.ca
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Blood
• Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
• Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, chemicals, immune system
• Clots when the skin is cut
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Tissue type #3: Muscle
• Sheets or bundles of muscle cells that contract to provide movement.
• Examples: smooth, cardiac, striated
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Skeletal muscle
• Striated• Attaches to bone• Limbs, lower back
www.siumed.edu
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Smooth muscle
• Tapered at ends• Blood vessel linings and lining internal organs• Slow, sustained contractions
kidsbrittanica.com
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Cardiac Muscle
• Found in the heart
britannica.com
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Tissue type #4: Nervous
• Provides communication between all body structures.
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Nervous tissue
• Finger-like projections• Receive stimulus, send to brain/spinal cord,
triggers response in muscle/gland
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Stem cells
• An unspecialized cell that can produce a variety of specialized cells
extremetech.com
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Totipotent
• Embryonic cells can become any kind of cell
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Pluripotent
• As the embryo develops the stem cells are able to give rise to less types of cells
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Adult stem cells
• Produce only specific types of cellsSkin cells repair skin.
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Organs
• Composed of different types of tissues that work together to carry out particular functions.
• Examples include heart, stomach, kidneys
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3.2 Organs and Systems
Medical Imaging TechnologyX-rays• For hard tissue such as bone
bassendeanwellness.com
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X-ray machine
• Lead blanket to protect the organs
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CT or CAT scan
• 3-D x-rays• Heart Brain
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CAT scan
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Ultrasound
• High frequency sound waves• Real-time• Watching organ function
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Ultrasound machine
• Cold jelly is applied to the body.
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MRI magnetic resonance imaging
• Radio signals in a magnetic field• Bleeding of the brain in a stroke
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MRI
• No metal!
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Endoscopy
• Tiny camera, light, surgical instruments attached to a flexible tube
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Organ System
• Organs working together with other organs with related functions or structures.
• Examples: circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system
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Digestive system
• Performs the physical and chemical break-down of food
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Circulatory system
• Transportation of nutrients, gases, and wastes, defense against infection.
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Respiratory System
• Gas exchange
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Reproductive
• Sexual reproduction
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Excretory
• Removal of wastes
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Muscular system
• Movement of body or body part
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endocrine
• Coordination and chemical regulation of body activities.
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nervous
• Response to environment, control of body activities.
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Skeletal system
• 206 bones
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Integumentary system
• Skin etc.