3 Axis Maglev Motor SUSTAINERGY 2014 FRICTION REDUCTION TEAM
LORENZO MANGONE, RON NISSIM, SAGI GIAT, MICHAEL HAREL
Motor Operation
Brushless vs Brushed Motors
Technology of the 1980s
Electromagnets on the stator work in harmony to
provide constant attractive force on the rotor.
Z axis friction (between the rotor and the plane)
Friction
There are five types of friction, namely:
Static
Kinetic
Rolling
Fluid
Magnetic Friction (Dampening)
“Friction is a force acting against the
relative motion between two surfaces in contact.”
How can we improve motor
efficiency?
Maglev
Suspension of an object in air with magnetic fields as the only
support
Magnetic forces counterbalance gravity and can accelerate
and decelerate the object
Cone
Double Cone
Capped - Rhombus
Stator
Rotor
Axle
Evolvement of technology
Octoagonal
Optimal Shape
Equilibrium
Symmetry
Optimal Cost / Stability Ratio
Ability to extend axle throughout the motor
Use of similar shape in other applications:
Subatomic stabilization at CERN
Magnetic field concentrated on one point
Vector calibration
The shape that we chose allow us to
counterbalance every magnetic
vector and grant stability to the
rotator
It is based on repulsion forces
Because of the Lorentz law, the
rotator is always brought back to the
equilibrium position
3D Model
The Devil Lies in the Details
Effect of Magnetic Dampening
Focault’s currents are reduced in this model of a motor in
two ways:
The Skin Effect: Prevents penetration of the magnet field in the
rotor at high speeds.
Magnetic Positioning: Magnetic fields are opposite one
another therefore canceling each other out.
Conclusion: The increased number of magnets doesn’t
increase magnetic dampening (friction)
Efficiency
In a average brushless motor the efficiency is about
85%
About the 30% of the losses is caused by the Joule effect
We calculated an energy loss due to Focault currents
about 175 mW (0.1% Energy Loss)
Considering other causes, projected energy loss as a
result of friction is ≈60%
Advantages
Lower susceptibility to mechanical wear
Little to no maintenance
Efficiency
Quiet
No vibration
Eliminate AC-DC Conversion loss
3 axis gimbal movement possible
4x the torque and the speed of the competition
Costs: Motor Implementation
Purchasing Costs 2%
Maintenance Costs 2%
Operating Costs (Electricity) 96%
Overall cost of motor will increase due to the usage of more
magnets
80% of maintenance in brushless motors are of parts that do not
exist or are not stressed by the Maglev Motor
Overall resistance is similar and current draw is the same therefore operating costs do not change
Both in the short and long term, this motor would be economical
Comparison
Brushless Motor
Cost: $170
Power: 180W
Peak Torque: 1.70 N/m
Peak RPM: 3000
Rated Current: 7A
Resistance: 0.9 Ω
MagLev Motor
Cost: $350
Power: 180W
Peak Torque: 4.9 N/m
Peak RPM: 12000
Rated Current: 7A
Resistance: 0.9 Ω
*All numbers are approximated
Additional Applications: Generator
Can generate both AC or DC current
Prevent the 5% of energy is lost to AC to DC
conversion
Maglev Technology never implemented in such a
way
E.G. : Maglev wind turbine
Could work with lower wind and should be able to convert
a huge portion of the kinetic energy received in effective
electric energy
World-Wide Impact
Aerospace Industry
Automotive Industry
Electrical appliances
Margin for development
Thanks!
We wanted to say a special thanks to everyone who supported us
and helped us going throughout this process
Our Peers
Our Mentors
Naama
Tomas
And thank to you too, for listening to us until the very end
Physical background
Bibliography
"Brushless DC Motors Used in Industrial Applications." Ohio Electric Motors. Ohio Electric
Motors Inc., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2014.
Fleiter, Tobias, Wolfgang Eichhammer, and Joachim Schleich. Energy Efficiency in Electric Motor Systems: Technical Potentials and Policy Approaches for Developing Countries.
Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2011. United Nations.
BIOT-SAVART LAW Introduction (n.d.): n. pag. The Arc.
<http://iit.edu/arc/workshops/pdfs/Georgi_Subashki_Workshop_Biot_Savart_Law.pdf>.
Holmberg, Kenneth, Peter Andersson, and Ali Erdemir. "Global Energy Consumption Due to
Friction in Passenger Cars." Tribology International 47 (2012): 221-34.
Hron, Tomas. "Model of the Electromagnetic Levitation Device." MODEL OF THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVITATION DEVICE Tomáš Hron (n.d.): n. pag. Cez.cz. Faculty of Electrical Engineering - Prague.
Radhakrihnan, Abhishek. "Effect of Magnetic Dampening on Rotating Disks." National
University of Singapour, 2008.