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2014 Soybean Insect Update
Photo: Jeremy Greene
Dominic Reisig NCSU Entomolgy
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Content
• Insecticidal seed treatments in soybean• Soybean portal• Online threshold calculators• Corn earworm in flowering soybeans• Kudzu bug update
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Seed Treatments- All contain neonicotinoid-class insecticides
Soybean• imidacloprid
– Gaucho, Trilex 6000, Acceleron
– Aeris (+ thiodicarb)
• thiamethoxam– Cruiser Maxx– Clariva Complete (+
nematicide)
• clothianidin– NipsIt INSIDE– Poncho/VOTiVO (+
thiodicarb + Bacillis firmus)
Cotton• imidacloprid
– Gaucho, Acceleron I– Aeris (+ thiodicarb)
• thiamethoxam– Cruiser– Avicta Duo, Acceleron N
(+ abamectin)
• clothianidin– Poncho/VOTiVO (+
thiodicarb + Bacillis firmus)
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Insecticide Seed Treatment Adoption in Beans
Year Mississippi North Carolina
2004 0% -
2005 0% -
2006 0% -
2007 2% -
2008 50% -
2009 65% -
2010 70% -
2011 75% 12%
2012 85% 15%
2013 - 29%
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VC V1 V30
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
TU
Plants/acre
Neonicotinoid seed treatments, soybeans, and slugs
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T U0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
June 12th
Slugs/pitfalltrap
Mixed ANOVA: Seed treatment,
F1,5 = 26.5, P < 0.01
Costs of neonicotinoid seed treatments
Slugs activity density were larger with seed treatments
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* P < 0.05, Mixed ANOVA
No significant differences for:Ants, wolf spiders, sheet web spiders, harvestmen, or predaceous beetle larvae
Par Wasp Rove beetle Ground beetleOther spider0
2
4
6
8
10
12
#/Pitfalltrap
#/trap
*
P = 0.12
*
June 12th
*
Seed treatment reduced pitfall catches of some predators
Costs of neonicotinoid seed treatments
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Soybean Seed Treatments
As of 2013 in Virginia and North Carolina
15 seed treatment tests
Five foliar treatment tests
NO YIELD ADVANTAGE
It is not worth using an insecticidal seed treatment
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soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu
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Thresholds now on soybean portal!
soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu also linked to nccrops.com
Click “Insect Management”
Click “Thresholds”
Under corn earworm thresholds click “threshold calculator”
Also an online stink bug threshold calculator
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WHAT ABOUT CORN EARWORM IN FLOWERING BEANS?
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High ModerateModerateLow
Corn Earworm Pressure
Corn Earworm Larvae Eat Flowers
Edgecombe County, NC 2012
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No Relationship Between Corn Earworm Larvae Number and Yield at Peak Flowering for
2-3x Podding Threshold Levels
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Kudzu Bug Update
Photo: Jeremy Greene
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Discovered in 2009 and spreading RAPIDLY
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Megacopta cribraria Distribution
2009 – 2013
2009 Confirmed
2010 Confirmed
2011 Confirmed
2012 Confirmed
2013 Confirmed
Map compiled by Wayne A. Gardner, University of Georgia
Updated 10 November 2013
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Selected Reported Host Plants of the Kudzu Bug in Expanded Range Modified from W.A. Gardner and J. Blount, Univ. of Georgia
Delayed leaf growth of Amer. wisteria by adult kudzu bugs in spring
Legumes
KudzuSoybeanLima BeanPole/String/Green BeanLablab BeanAmerican WisteriaChinese WisteriaJapanese WisteriaAmerican YellowwoodBlack LocustLespedezaPeanutCrimson CloverCloverAlfalfaSicklepodFava bean
Non-Legumes
AlligatorweedCockleburCottonFigPine TreesWheatLoquatWild BlackberrySatsuma mandarinBlack Willow
Adult occurrence Vs.
Reproductive host plants
Presence ≠ feeding or reproduction
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Adult Choice Test Results
Edamam
e
Soyb
ean
Pigeon pea
Blacke
yed pea
Lab la
b
Hogpean
ut
Fava
bean
FH Li
ma bean
Mung b
ean
Azuki
Bean
Snap
beanPinto
1
Pinto3
Winter p
ea
Chick pea
Tropica
l kudzu
Lima b
eanPinto
2
Peanut
Cage
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
a
b
cc c
c cc
cc c
c c c c cc
c c
a
a
b
b-c
c-d c-d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dc-d
Days 1-3 Days 11-13
Adu
lt-da
ys p
er p
lant
Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05
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Adult Field Results
Days 52, 62, and 77 Sweep Samples0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80a a
b
cc-d c-d c-d c-d c-d c-d c-d c-d c-d c-d c-d d d d
SoybeanEdamamePigeon PeaMungBeanLimaBeanLabLabPeanutAzukiBeanFavaBeanPinto3Pinto1FH LimaPinto2Blackeyed peaWinterPeaTropicalKudzuSnapBeanChickpea
Cumulative Total 3 out of 4 Sampling Dates
Mea
n A
dults
/10
swee
ps
Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05
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Nymph Choice Test Results
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D150
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 Soybean
Pinto1
Pinto2
Pinto3
WinterPea
Pigeon Pea
Chickpea
FavaBean
SnapBean
LimaBean
Edamame
LabLab
MungBean
AzukiBean
BlackeyedPea
Peanut
TropicalKudzuDays after infestation
Nym
phs
per p
lant
Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05
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Nymph No Choice Results
D1 D3 D5 D7 D9D11
D13D15
D17D19
D21D23
D25D27
D290
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 soybean
pinto1
pinto2
pinto3
winterp
pigeonp
chickp
favab
snapb
limab
blackp
lablab
mung
azuki
edamame
peanut
tropkDays after hatch
Nym
phs
per p
lant
Means with the same letter are not significantly different, α = 0.05
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2013 PD & MG (June, V)
UNTREATED TREATED
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8 September- Midville, GA
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31 October- Wayne Co., NC 2012
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Kudzu bug activity in soybeans across all planting date/maturity groups
AdultNymph
May June July August Sept.-Oct.
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Seasonality 2012
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Seasonality 2013
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Adult distribution within the canopy
No differences on MG
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PD & MG 2012 vs. 2013 – Scotland Co.
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Soybean GenotypesVariation across genotypes:• MG 5 – 8• Pubescence (color, density, etc) – KY98, KY03 dense pubescens • Leaf shape (round, narrow) – N7103, Vance both narrow• Stink bug, nematode, other insect resistance – NCC05, N94, Manokin• Non-Nodulating - Nitrasoy• PI genotypes & Japanese types - Miyako & Kosamame• Near isogenic insect resistant – Benning lines• Slow wilting – TCPR94, N98, N06, etc.• High protein – N6202
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Thresholds• Seedling/vegetative soybeans
– 5 bugs per plant (adults or nymphs)– Stop using threshold for second generation
bugs (generally in July)
• Vegetative to reproductive (R7) soybeans– One nymph per sweep (“swoosh” of the net)
Preliminary
Established
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Scout Before You Treat• All Stages
– Scout at least 50 feet from field edge• If concerned about edge, consider border treatment
– Check multiple places in the field– Make treatment decision based on average– Do not rush your decision
• Migration takes 6-8 weeks for adults to fully enter field• Sprays do not kill eggs• Consider yield impact of driving over soybeans• Yield loss and development of insect relatively slow
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Scout Before You Treat
• Seedling soybeans– “Peel back” foliage and count insects
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Scout Before You Treat
• Vegetative to reproductive beans (July & later)– Use sweep net– At least 15 sweeps per location– Sweep net does not catch as many
nymphs as adults but threshold is calibrated for this
– Net will catch small nymphs before you can see large ones on plant
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Injury resulted from spraying based on visually looking for nymphs. You will spray sooner and avoid
this if you sample nymphs with the sweep net.
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Steward
Intrepid
Dimilin
Belt
Belay
Leverage 360
Baythroid XL, Tombstone Helios
Asana XL
Nufos, Chlorpyrifos
Orthene 97 , Acephate 97
Declare
Cobalt Advanced
Mustang Max
Stallion
Endigo
Sevin, Carbaryl
Karate Z, Warrior
Hero
Brigade, Discipline, Sniper, Fanfare, SkyRaider
Brigadier
Triple Crown
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent Control (2-5 DAT and 6-14 DAT)P. Roberts, J. All (University of Georgia)J. Greene, N. Sieter (Clemson University)D. Reisig, J. Bacheler (North Carolina State University)16-Jan-13
Kudzu Bug Insecticide Efficacy Summary (2010-2012)
6-14 DAT2-5 DAT
Preserves some
beneficials
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Important Points to Remember
• Earliest planted/maturing fields highest risk• Scout for nymphs during and after July
– Treat at one nymph/sweep (one nymph/“swoosh”)
• Do not spray after July based on adult numbers– Migration takes place over several weeks and will
result in re-sprays
• Pay attention to insecticide chemistry (Do not use cyfluthrin)
• Scout for secondary pest flare-ups
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More info about kudzu bug
• Check out the blog and soybean portal:– nccrops.com and soybeans.ces.ncsu.edu
• Dominic Reisig– Email: [email protected]– Phone: 252-793-4428 x133