![Page 1: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1Image courtesy National Park ServiceDeschutes Land Trust 2014
Crooked River Caldera,
a Super Volcano
![Page 2: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Geology and Landforms of Central Oregon
![Page 3: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Empire State is 1, 250 ft. tall.
= 4.5 Billion Years
Last 60 Million Years
![Page 4: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
GEOLOGY OF THE NORTH HALF OF THE LOWER CROOKED BASIN, CROOK,
DESCHUTES, JEFFERSON, AND WHEELER COUNTIES, OREGON.
Jason D. McClaughry1, Mark L. Ferns1, and Caroline L. Gordon2
1. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Baker City Field Office, 1510 Campbell Street, Baker City, OR 97814
2. United States Forest Service, Ochoco National Forest and Crooked River National Grassland, 3160 NE 3rd St., Prineville, OR 97754
Funded in part by the USGS under the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping program under assistance awards 05HQAG0037 and 06HQAG0027
![Page 5: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
E. L. Orr and W. N. Orr, “Geology of Oregon,” Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 5th Edition, 1992.
Geologic/Physiographic Provinces of Oregon
Making Connections:
• Oregon’s ecology is closely tied to Oregon’s geology.
Ecoregions of Oregon
![Page 6: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
High Cascades
![Page 7: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Blue Mountains
![Page 8: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Columbia Plateau
![Page 9: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Basin and Range
![Page 10: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Parks and Plates
©2005 Robert J. Lillie
Most of Oregon and Washington has
been added to the edge of the
continent in the past 150 million
yearsMaterial added since then by
Subduction and Terrane Accretion
Coastline 150 Million Years Ago
![Page 11: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
Opening of the
Atlantic ocean
150Million Years
Ago
Jurassic
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 12: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
140Million Years
Ago
Cretaceous
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 13: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
130Million Years
Ago
Cretaceous
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 14: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
115Million
Years Ago
Cretaceous
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 15: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
50Million
Years Ago
Eocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 16: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
40Million Years
Ago
Eocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 17: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Geologic History - Tectonic Setting
Faults!!!
John Day River
Deschutes River
![Page 18: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Lithology Map (Rocks!!)
![Page 19: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
150-60 Million Years ago …
Ammonites
Warm Tropical Seas!!
Geologic History
![Page 20: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Geologic map of the north half of the Lower Crooked Basin
Prineville
Wildcat Mtn.
Crooked River
![Page 21: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Formation of a
caldera
![Page 22: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Clarno Formation ~44 to 39 Ma
![Page 24: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Clarno Formation - Eocene Epoch44-39 Million Years ago
Wildcat Mountain
Brennon Palisades
Tropical Climate
First of 2 Major Volcanic Episodes
Ocean Front Property
24
![Page 25: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Steins Pillar
![Page 26: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Geologic map: Wildcat Mountain Caldera ~40 Ma
Steins Pillar tuff
Andesite &Dacite porphyry43.8 Ma
Hash Rock rhyolite39.4 Ma
Andesite41.5 Ma
Hwy 26
Mill Creek
![Page 27: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Wildcat Mountain caldera
![Page 28: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Rhyolite intrusions within the Wildcat Mountain caldera
Twin Pillars
Forked Horn Butte
![Page 29: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Wildcat Mountain caldera
Steins Pillar Tuff
Crooked River caldera- Tuff of Smith Rock– Monkey Face
John Day
Clarno
Clarno
John Day
![Page 30: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
John Day Formation ~36 to 25 Ma
Ochoco Reservoir
Prineville Res.
Lk. Billy Chinook
![Page 31: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
John Day Formation - Oligocene Epoch 36-25 Million Years ago
Big Summit Prairie
Temperate Climate
2nd Major Volcanic Episode
Coastline on the Eastern Edge of the Willamette Valley
![Page 32: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
![Page 33: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
![Page 34: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
2 mm
Gray Butte
![Page 35: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Mahogany Mountain caldera - Leslie Gulch tuff 15 Ma
Crooked River caldera - Smith Rock tuff 29.5 Ma
![Page 36: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Crooked River Caldera -29.5 Ma
![Page 37: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Looking across the Caldera!
![Page 38: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Rhyolite intrusions
Tuff of
Smith Rock Rhyolite
![Page 39: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Hydrothermal deposits
![Page 40: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Modern examples from the Yellowstone caldera
![Page 41: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41Yellowstone Caldera
![Page 42: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
25Million Years
Ago
Oligocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 43: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
15Million Years
Ago
Miocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 44: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Miocene Epoch25-16 Million Years ago
Mt. Pisgah
N. Fork Crooked River
Semi-arid Climate Emerging
Thick Columbia River Basalt flows pouring out across the NW
Picture Gorge Basalt Source near Monument
![Page 45: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
8Million Years
Ago
Miocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 46: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
3Million Years
Ago
Pliocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 47: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Neogene Rocks ~16 to 3 Ma
Includes: Prineville basalt, Simtustus Fm., Deschutes Fm.
![Page 48: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Deschutes Formation (~9 to 3 Ma)
![Page 49: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
The Geologic map for Prineville
Ochoco Viewpoint
![Page 50: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
The geologic landscape at Prineville:
Basalt of Stearns Ranch3-4 Ma
![Page 51: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Quaternary ~1.8 Ma to present
Includes: basalt from Newberry volcano and
Alluvium
Ochoco Reservoir
Lake Billy Chinook
Smith Rock St. Park
![Page 52: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Large Volcanoes Erupting – Pleistocene Epoch1.8 Million Years to 11,700 years
Mt. Hood
Mt. Jefferson
Mt. Mazama
Inter-canyon Flow Basalts
![Page 53: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Smith Rock State Park
![Page 54: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
Laurentide glaciation
12,500Years Ago
Holocene
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 55: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
Present Day
Now
Ron BlakeyNorthern Arizona
University
![Page 56: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Holocene Epoch11,700 years to Present
Habitat for Wildlife and PlantsMt. Mazama Ash = Soil Additive
Mt. St. Helens Ash Fall
Mt. Mazama
![Page 57: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Geologic map of the west part of the Lower Crooked Basin
![Page 58: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A A’
Rin
g-fractu
re
Clarno Fm.
![Page 59: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
The Calderas are
The Resource
*Crooked River CalderaPrineville
Wildcat Caldera
Smith Rock
![Page 60: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Oregon’s Super Caldera
![Page 61: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Geologic Foundation
Our Volcanic Past has brought us a wonderfully complex environment!
We’re at the apex of 4 physiographic provinces.
We live with Geology
Geologic history that includes Major Volcanic Episodes
The Calderas – Wildcat Mountain and Crooked River
Smith Rock/Gray Butte Grizzly Butte Powell Butte
![Page 62: 2014 Nature Night: Crooked River Caldera by Carrie Gordon](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103114/55545ed2b4c905a5798b4823/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62