Download - 2014 Modul 3 Plankton
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PLANKTONOLOGI
M O D U L 3 :
METODA PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER DI LAUT DAN SAMUDRA,
ANALISIS DAN INTEPRETASIOleh : MUHAMMAD ZAINURI
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1. Ultraplankton, berukuran < 5 m2. Nanoplankton, berukuran diantara 5 - 60 m3. Microplankton, berukuran diantara 60 - 500 m4. Mesoplankton, berukuran diantara 0.5 - 1 mm5. Macroplankton, berukuran diantara 1 - 10 mm 6. Megaloplankton, berukuran > 10 mm
Cushing et al. ( 1958 ) :
PLANKTON BERDASARKAN UKURAN
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1. Ultrananoplankton, berukuran < 2 m2. Nanoplankton, berukuran diantara 2 - 20 m3. Microplankton, berukuran diantara 20 - 200 m4. Mesoplankton, berukuran diantara 200 m - 2 mm5. Macroplankton, berukuran diantara 2 - 20 mm6. Mikronekton, berukuran diantara 20 - 200 mm7. Megaloplankton (Plankton Gelatin), berukuran > 20 mm
Omori dan Ikeda (1992) :
PLANKTON BERDASARKAN UKURAN
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Plankton dan Jaring - Jaring Makanan :
Phytoplankton :Produser Primer
Autotrof
Zooplankton :Konsumer Primer
Produser SekunderHeterototrof
I k a n :Konsumer Primer
dan SekunderHeterototrof
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Plankton dan Piramida Makanan :
Phytoplankton :Produser Primer
Autotrof
Zooplankton :Konsumer Primer
Produser SekunderHeterototrof
I k a n :Konsumer Primer
dan SekunderHeterototrof
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MORPHOMETRI PLANKTON
The study of food-chains, through which matter and energy flow,
requires accurate assessments of one or both variables in respective gravimetric or energitics units
Study tentang jaring – jaring makanan, dimana terjadi perpindahan / arus bahan dan energi, membutuhkan suatu tolok ukur yang cukup akurat seperti pendekatan gravimetrik atau energi
Dumont et. al. ( 1 9 7 5 ) :
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MORPHOMETRI PLANKTON
Although compartementalized ecosystem models require consistent units of energy or biomass, less theoretical research in
aquatic ecology also benefits from precise quantitative estimates of their
variables.
Meskipun sistem pengkotakan dalam model membutuhkan unit energi atau biomass yang konsisten, namun banyak sekali teori penelitian tidak memanfaatkan sistim kuantifikasi yang jelas terhadap variabel – variabel yang digunakan.
Dumont et. al. ( 1 9 7 5 ) :
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MORPHOMETRI PLANKTON
This statement may seem self-evident, but standing crops and production are too frequently expressed in terms of
numbers of organisms per unit of volume or surface area
Pernyataan tersebut seperti membuktikan terhadap dirinya sendiri, dimana panen dan produksi sering diekspresikan dalam term jumlah biota per unit volume atau luas area.
Dumont et. al. ( 1 9 7 5 ) :
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MENGAPA MORPHOMETRI ?
Body sizes is one of the most obvious features of any animal and one of the
most important
Ukuran tubuh adalah salah satu pandangan atau gambaran utama tentang seekor biota
Cohen et. al. ( 1 9 9 3 ) :
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MENGAPA MORPHOMETRI ?
Size influences how much energy an animal needs, how much food it can
gathered, and which other organisms can try to eat it, among other aspects
of life history.
Ukuran tubuh akan mempengaruhi seberapa banyak jumlah energi dibutuhkan oleh seekor biota, dan seberapa jumlah pakan harus diperoleh, dan biota – biota jenis apa yang yang memangsa, selain berbagai aspek dari siklus hidup.
Cohen et. al. ( 1 9 9 3 ) :
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Genus :Keratella
Quadrata Group
Formula Perhitungan :a * b * c
Konsep :Epipedik Paralela
b
c
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.7 a
c = 0.33 aMaka v = 0.22 a 3
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Penghitungan Appendik dalam % dari Volume Tubuh
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :a * b * c
5 % dari b * v * x
dimana : panjang duri ekor
x =
panjang tubuh
ab
c
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
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Genus :Keratella
Cochlearis Group
Formula Perhitungan :0.13 a * b 2
Konsep :½ Kerucut : ( r 2 π a ) / 6
a : Panjangb : Lebar
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.4 a
Maka v = 0.02 a 3
ab
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Genus :Keratella
Cochlearis Group
a : Panjangb : Lebar
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :a = bb = 2 r
ab
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Genus :Notholca
Formula Perhitungan :0.13 ( 3 abc + 4 c 3 )
Konsep :Segmen Ellipsoid
1/6 χ h ( 3 ρ1 ρ2 + h 2 )
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.4 a
c = 0.2 aMaka v = 0.035 a 3
ca
b
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Genus :Notholca
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :
a = 2 ρ1b = 2 ρ2c = h
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
ca
b
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Genus :Ploesoma
Formula Perhitungan :0.52 a b c
Konsep : Ellipsoid Umum
( 4 r1 r2 r3 π ) / 3
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.5 a
c = 0.4 aMaka v = 0.1 a 3
Untuk P. hudsoni
a
bc
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Genus :Ploesoma
Formula Perhitungan :0.52 a b c
Konsep : Ellipsoid Umum
( 4 r1 r2 r3 π ) / 3
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.66 a
c = 0.66 aMaka v = 0.23 a 3
untuk P. triacanthum
a
bc
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Genus :Ploesoma
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :
a = 2 r1b = 2 r2c = 2 r3
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
a
bc
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Genus :Polyarthra
Formula Perhitungan :a * b * c
Konsep : Epipedik Paralel
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.7 a
c = 0.4 amaka v = 0.28 a 3
ab
c
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Penghitungan Appendik dalam % dari Volume Tubuh
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :
a * b * c
10 % volume tubuh
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
ab
c
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Genus :Pompholyx
Formula Perhitungan :0.4 a b c
Konsep : Silinder : r 2 π h
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.7 a
c = 0.5 amaka v = 0.15 a 3
a
bc
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Genus :Pompholyx
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :r 2 = a b / 4
h = c / 2
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
a
bc
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Genus :Synchaeta
Formula Perhitungan :0.23 a b2
Konsep : Kerucut : r 2 π h / 3
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = 0.6 a
c = 0.6 amaka v = 0.1 a 3
a
b
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Genus :Synchaeta
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :
a = hb = 2 r
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
a
b
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Genus :Testudinella
Formula Perhitungan :0.4 a b c
Konsep : Silinder : r 2 π h
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila b = a
c = 0.2 amaka v = 0.08 a 3
a
bc
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Genus :Testudinella
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :r 2 = a b / 4
h = c / 2
10 % volume tubuh
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
a
bc
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Genus :Trichocerca
Formula Perhitungan :0.52 a b 2
Konsep : Silinder + Kerucut : r 2 π h + [( r 2 π h )] /
3
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
Formula Sederhana :Bila a & b harus
diukurmaka v = 0.52 ab 2
ab
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Genus :Trichocerca
Penghitungan Appendik dalam % dari Volume
Tubuh0.6 % * volume tubuh
* panjang tubuh
a : Panjangb : Lebarc : Tinggi
ab
Parameter Ukur untuk Formula :
h = a / 2r = b / 2
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p : Kelilings : Luas Permukaan
p
a : Tinggib : Kemiringan
sb
a
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d : Diameterh : Tinggi
d
h
F = P 2
A = H / d dimana H dS = h * d = A d 2P = 2 ( h + d ) = 2 d ( A + 1 )P = P 2 / ( 4 π S ) = ( A + 1 ) 2 / π A
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PENDEKATAN PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER BERDASARKAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL
STRUKTUR KIMIAWI KLOROFIL
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Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll c1 Chlorophyll c2 Chlorophyll d
Molecular formula
C55H72O5N4Mg C55H70O6N4Mg C35H30O5N4Mg C35H28O5N4Mg C54H70O6N4Mg
C3 group -CH=CH2 -CH=CH2 -CH=CH2 -CH=CH2 -CHO
C7 group -CH3 -CHO -CH3 -CH3 -CH3
C8 group -CH2CH3 -CH2CH3 -CH2CH3 -CH=CH2 -CH2CH3
C17 group -CH2CH2COO-Phytyl
-CH2CH2COO-Phytyl
-CH=CHCOO
H
-CH=CHCOO
H
-CH2CH2COO-Phytyl
C17-C18 bond Single Single Double Double Single
Occurrence Universal Mostly plants Various algae Various algae Cyanobacteria
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KLOROFIL A KLOROFIL B
KLOROFIL C1
KLOROFIL C2KLOROFIL D
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Absorbance spectra of free chlorophyll a (green) and b (red) in a solvent. The spectra of chlorophyll molecules are slightly modified in vivo depending on specific pigment-protein interactions.
Measurement of the absorption of light is complicated by the solvent used to extract it from plant material, which affects the values obtained,
In diethyl ether, chlorophyll a has approximate absorbance maxima of 430 nm and 662 nm, while chlorophyll b has approximate maxima of 453 nm and 642 nm The absorption peaks of chlorophyll a are at 665 nm and 465 nm. Chlorophyll a fluorescens at 673 nm (maximum) and 726 nm. The peak molar absorption coefficient of chlorophyll a exceeds 105 M−1 cm−1, which is among the highest for organic compounds.
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