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Heavy Oil: Developments, Challenges,
Opportunities & Technologies
GTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobreGTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobreGTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobreGTPP : Grupo de Trabajo sobre
Petróleos PesadosPetróleos PesadosPetróleos PesadosPetróleos Pesados
José Luis Bashbush
19 – April - 2012
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© Schlumberger 2012
An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark of Schlumberger. Other company, product, and service names may betrademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of others..
JLBB 1
trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of others..
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Outline
■Heavy Oil What is it
■Heavy Oil in Canada
■ Value Chain - Integrated Approach - Environmental
■ Schlumberger’s Solutions for Heavy Oil
2
■ Schlumberger’s Solutions for Heavy Oil
■Conclusions
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What is Heavy Oil?
3
Source: Oil and Gas Journal/Apr. 17, 2006, Canada NEB, SBC Team Analysis
* Bubble size indicates production rates
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Heavy Oil Resources
in The Americas
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Variance in Rock Type, H.O. Reservoir Properties & Temperature
0
10
20
30
40
Indonesia Unconsolidated Sand
North Sea Unconsolidated …
USA Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Canada Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Venezuela Sandstone
China Sandstone/Dolomites
Kuwait Fractured Carbonate
Mexico Fractured Vuggy Dolomite
Porosity (pu)
min
max
Permeability (Darcy)
GeologyHeterogeneity
Diagenesis
JLBB 5
0
25
50
75
100
Indonesia Unconsolidated Sand
North Sea Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
USA Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Canada Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Venezuela Sandstone
China Sandstone/Dolomites
Kuwait Fractured Carbonate
Mexico Fractured Vuggy Dolomite
min
max
Venezuela Sandstone
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
Indonesia Unconsolidated Sand
North Sea Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
USA Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Canada Unconsolidated Sand/Sandstone
Venezuela Sandstone
China Sandstone/Dolomites
Kuwait Fractured Carbonate
Mexico Fractured Vuggy Dolomite
Permeability (Darcy)
Res. Temperature (oC)
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Canadian Heavy Oil Segmentation
Thermal Recovery Methods:
− Gravity <15o API & Viscosity >25,000 cp
− SAGD, CSS, Steam floods
Non Thermal Recovery Methods:
Annual Investments:
Grew from 4 Billion in 2000 to
almost 20 Billion in 2008
Total Well Count:
6
− Gravity of 14o –22o API, Viscosity 10 to 25,000 cp
− Cold primary, CHOPS, Waterflood
Mining:
− Oil sands <10 API & Viscosity > 1 million cp
Grew from 25,000 to almost 40,000
in the same period
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Canadian Heavy Oil Regions
Alberta
Peace River Oil Sands
Athabasca Oil Sands
Wabasca deposits
Cold Lake Oil Sands
Saskatchewan
SAGD
SAGD
Mining
CHOPS
CHOPSCSS, CP
CPCSS
7 AP
Wabasca deposits
Edmonton
Calgary
Saskatoon
Regina
Lloydminster
Heavy Oil
SAGD
Prize!2.2 – 2.5 Trillion bbls
Current technology ~200 Billion Recoverable bbls
CHOPS
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Heavy Oil Value Chain – Technologies to Optimize Asset Value
Evaluation, Selection
& Pilot Design
Pilot & Full Field
Development Design
Construction (wells,
surface facilities, pipelines
& Upgrader)
Operations -
Control and
Optimization
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
ESO
Data
Acquisition
& Analysis
8
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
ESO
Monitoring/History
Matching/Optimizing
Risk Mitigation
Smart Fast Pilots – Fully
instrumented
Reservoir Evaluation, Target
Selection based on Technical
and Economic Evaluation –
Pilots Designs
Flow assurance,
Diluent placement,
Multiphase pumping?
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Reduce Environmental Footprint
The environment: Central importance
■ New techniques required:
■ To use less net water
■ To produce less waste water
■ To improve energy yield
■ To reduce local (wellsite) footprint
■ Reduce GHG
9
■ Reduce GHG
■ CCS technology continues to improve:
■ Storage reservoir characterization and simulation technology
■ Improve special cements—preserve CO2 injection well integrity
■ Improve technologies to monitor CO2 in reservoir and on surface
■ Capture technology needs to become routine
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Proof that the Planet is warming-up
10
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Making the Unconventional, Conventional
Value
Development PlanPreliminary Evaluation ConstructionTarget Selection Operational Optimization
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Geology and Fluids are the Foundation
Seismic
Structure
Stratigraphy
Petrophysics
Sedimentology
Facies Recognition
Gather Data – Early is more valuable
High Quality Seismic
Complete suites of Logs: Dielectric
Scanner, NMR Scanner & ECS
Cores
Cap Rock Strength & Thickness
JLBB 12
Facies Recognition
Environments of Deposition
Fluid Migration - Recharges
Biodegradation – Fresh water circulation
Cap Rock Strength & Thickness
Inter-bedded Shale integrity w/Steam
Stratigraphic & Cased observation wells
Bottom-hole Fluid Samples
INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!INDISPENSABLE PREAMBLE for MEANINGFUL OPTIMIZED DEVELOPMENT!
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Viscosity Mapping
• Viscosity changes with Depth & areally within
same reservoir
• Viscosity influences:
� Recovery technique selection
� Well Spacing & Length
VISCOSITYVISCOSITYVISCOSITYVISCOSITY
MAPMAPMAPMAP
50,00050,00050,00050,000++++
µo Range
NMR Logs
� Well Spacing & Length
� Water breakthrough
� Recovery Factor
• Fluid sampling is required
20 cp20 cp20 cp20 cp @ Tr@ Tr@ Tr@ Tr
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Steam Injection Pressure is an added challenge
At higher Injection Pressures
Less Energy in the Steam
Less Efficiency in the Process
14
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Schlumberger Solutions for Heavy OilSchlumberger Solutions for Heavy OilSchlumberger Solutions for Heavy OilSchlumberger Solutions for Heavy Oil
� 2005 Created a Heavy Oil ThemeHeavy Oil ThemeHeavy Oil ThemeHeavy Oil Theme
� 2011: Invested > $2.5 MM/day in R&E
JLBB 15
� 2011: Invested > $2.5 MM/day in R&E
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Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and Drilling and MeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurements
SoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftware
Artificial Lift Artificial Lift Artificial Lift Artificial Lift Artificial Lift Artificial Lift Artificial Lift Artificial Lift CompletionsCompletionsCompletionsCompletionsCompletionsCompletionsCompletionsCompletions
Well testWell testWell testWell testWell testWell testWell testWell test
Data and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and ConsultingData and Consulting
EcoscopePeriscope 15Stethoscope
Hotline 550 ESPsSand Control
PipesimEclipse ThermalPetrelVisage
Field Development OptimizationGeomechanics
HEAVY OIL THEME
STARTED 2005
R & DR & DR & DR & DR & DR & DR & DR & D
Characterization, SimulationWell Placement, Production,Monitor & Management
Well ServicesWell ServicesWell ServicesWell ServicesWell ServicesWell ServicesWell ServicesWell Services WirelineWirelineWirelineWirelineWirelineWirelineWirelineWireline
StethoscopePowerdriveMultilaterales
MDTADT /Dielectric ScannerNMR
FlexStone HT Cement[250 oC] & CO2 resistant
Sand ControlMeshRiteSensa-Fiber OpticsVx Multiphase MetersSampling
STARTED 2005
16
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Heavy Oil Network
Calgary
3 Research Centers
3 Manufacturing Centers
4 Technology Centers
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Improve Well Productivity: Controlling sand production & reducing Skin Damage
Traditional completion with slotted linersMeshRite
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Enhanced Productivity by increasing area open to flow
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Fishbone type well: Only Main Branch “supported”
STARS Screen Technology for Sand and Flow Control [ICD’s] along the entire well length
JLBB 20
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Dielectric Scanner
Tool measuring dielectric formation properties
� In use in Venezuela since Jan.2008
� Quantifies Sw independently of its Salinity
� Determines Water Salinity
� Precise information on Crude Mobility
� High Vertical Resolution : 1”
� Depth of investigation: 1” to 4”
� Ideal for reservoirs with < 20,000 ppm [90%]
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Producción Monitoring
Temperature Distributed Sensors - Fiber Optics[ DTS ]
Multiphase Flow Meters [ MPFM ]
– Measure up to 4-phases [ O, W, G + D ]– Measure up to 4-phases [ O, W, G + D ]
– Measures Gas Production even if is trapped as part of Foamy Oil
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DTS – Fiber Optics: Temperature Measurement
� Detect: Water entrance
� Flow rate changes
� Leaks
� Multiple-point injection
� Steam stimulation efficiency distribution
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Integrating Data from DTSinto simulation models
Better Calibrated models enhancing optimization
New approach for reservoir optimization incorporating DTS
JLBB 24
enhancing optimization capabilities
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Field Development Plan Optimization
Pro
du
cció
n A
cum
ula
da
de
Pe
tró
leo
(M
BN
)
Pro
du
cció
n A
cum
ula
da
de
Ag
ua
(M
BN
)
Pro
du
cció
n A
cum
ula
da
de
Pe
tró
leo
(M
BN
)
Pro
du
cció
n A
cum
ula
da
de
Ag
ua
(M
BN
)
Tiempo (Años)
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EOR/Thermal Challenges
Goal:Goal:Goal:Goal: Profitably Increase Recovery Factor
Can the thermal recovery methods applied in Canada be successfully adapted to the Latin American reservoir
conditions?
JLBB 26
High High High High
Recovery FactorRecovery FactorRecovery FactorRecovery Factor
Cold ProductionCold ProductionCold ProductionCold Production
Low Low Low Low
Recovery FactorRecovery FactorRecovery FactorRecovery Factor
ThermalThermalThermalThermal
What are the applicable thermal recovery methods for my Reservoir?
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HEAVY OIL BURNING ISSUES
ComplexityBlendingMeasurementTransportationFlow Assurance
27
Flow AssuranceSurface FacilitiesChemical TreatmentEnergy ManagementSteam + In-situ CombustionIntegration: Downstrem – UpstreamCO2 & Environmental Considerations
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The Heavy Oil initiative is alive and Vibrant!
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has been preparing for years to help obtain the right information
to reduce the uncertainty of the decisions, to study and select the viable
alternatives to optimize through properly planned pilots the development of
JLBB 29
Heavy Oil Reservoirs !
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Heavy Oil
Can not be taken lightly!