2009 Revisions 2009 Revisions
Texas Department of State Health ServicesTexas Department of State Health Services1
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COURSE OBJECTIVECOURSE OBJECTIVE
1. Gain information about the effects of alcohol and drugs on driving skills.
2. Identify your own drinking or drugged driving pattern.
3. Develop a plan to reduce the chance that you will be involved in future DWI behavior.
COURSE PURPOSESCOURSE PURPOSES
To have people carry out responsible drinking/drugged driving decisions which
will prevent future DWI behavior.
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TRAFFIC DEATHS & ALCOHOLTRAFFIC DEATHS & ALCOHOL
Number of traffic deaths in 2007…• US?• Texas?
Have traffic related deaths increased or decreased since 1997?
What percent of traffic deaths involve alcohol?
Has the percentage of alcohol traffic related deaths increased or decreased since 1997?
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YEAR US TX
1997 41,967 3,510
2007 41,059 3,363
Down 2.2% Down 4.4%
TRENDS IN TRAFFIC DEATHSTRENDS IN TRAFFIC DEATHS
TRAFFIC DEATHS 2007TRAFFIC DEATHS 2007
U.S. – 41,059Texas – 3,363
PP-5
ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC DEATHS OF ALL TRAFFIC DEATHS: 2007
ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC DEATHS OF ALL TRAFFIC DEATHS: 2007
37%
44%
PP-6
2002-2007 TRENDUS – Down 9.7%Texas – Down 6.5%
More enforcement?
Stronger Laws?
Lower BAC level used?
More breath tests given?
Education?
POSSIBLE REASONS FOR DECLINE IN PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL-RELATED
DEATHS IN TEXAS
POSSIBLE REASONS FOR DECLINE IN PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL-RELATED
DEATHS IN TEXAS
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DEFINITION OF INTOXICATION IN TEXAS
DEFINITION OF INTOXICATION IN TEXAS
Alcohol concentration of .08 or more.
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because of alcohol or other drugs.
Not having normal use of mental or physical faculties
ARRESTED for DWI, Intoxication Assault, or Intoxication Manslaughter
Test is taken and failed (.08 or greater)
Adult Penalty – Loss of license 90 days if no alcohol/drug contacts in last ten years 1 year if one or more alcohol/drug contacts in last ten years
Officer takes possession of license
Temporary license for 40 days
$125 reinstatement fee
ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION (ALR)
(FAILED TEST)
ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION (ALR)
(FAILED TEST)
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IMPLIED CONSENT LAW(REFUSED TEST)
IMPLIED CONSENT LAW(REFUSED TEST)
Arrested operating motor vehicle or a watercraft of 50
hp or greater
Refuse breath or blood test
Adult Penalty - Loss of license 180 days if no alcohol/drug contact in last ten years Two years if one or more alcohol/drug contacts in last 10 years
License taken at time of arrest and 40 day
temporary license issued
$125 reinstatement fee11
DWI PENALTIES IN TEXASDWI PENALTIES IN TEXAS
JAILLICENSE LOSTFINES
72 hours – 180 days
90 days – 1 year
Up to $2,0001st
30 days – 1 year
180 days – 2 years
Up to $4,0002nd
2 – 10 years180 days –
2 yearsUp to
$10,0003rd
+
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LICENSE SURCHARGE ON DWI CONVICTIONS
LICENSE SURCHARGE ON DWI CONVICTIONS
1. DWI, Intoxication Assault, Intoxication, Manslaughter Conviction
a. $1,000 per year for first conviction within a 36 month periodb. $1,500 per year for subsequent convictions within a 36
month periodc. $2,000 on a first or subsequent conviction if BAC was .16 or
greater at time of test2. Surcharge if peace officer, firefighter, or EMS personnel
is killed or seriously injured.a. Serious bodily injury—2nd degree felony, 2-20 years in prison,
up to $10,000 fine.b. Killed—1st degree felony, 5-99 years/life in prison, and up to
$10,000 fine.
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OPEN CONTAINER LAWOPEN CONTAINER LAW Vehicle on public highway (stopped or moving) Driver or passenger Knowingly possess in passenger area Open, seal broken, or contents partially removed
Vehicle for hire - passenger area Motor home living quarters Locked storage area Trunk Behind last seat if no trunk
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Penalty - Class C misdemeanor - up to $500 fine
EXCEPTIONS:EXCEPTIONS:
DWI EDUCATION COURSE MODULESDWI EDUCATION COURSE MODULES
A - Alcohol / Drug Traffic Safety Problem
B - Effects of Alcohol / Drugs on the Driving Task
C - Alcohol / Drug Abuse & Dependency
D - Personal Action to Avoid Future DWI Behavior
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True or False?Alcohol is a stimulant?
?
?
?
?
?
??
?
?Alcohol/drugs affect individuals differently
There are ways to sober up quickly
Alcohol/drugs decrease mental and physical abilities
All drugs are depressants
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WHICH HAS MORE ALCOHOL?WHICH HAS MORE ALCOHOL?
Beer - 12 oz.
Cooler - 12 oz.
Wine - 4 oz.
Whiskey - 1 oz.
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BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION FACTORS
BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION FACTORS
Rate of Absorption
Drinking Rate
Size of Drink
Body Weight
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Strength
Emotions
Other ingredients
Carbonation
Food
Male/Female Differences
# OF 12 OZ. BEERS IN ONE HOUR
HOW MANY DRINKS = .08?HOW MANY DRINKS = .08?
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BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION
0.08
BODY WEIGHT (LBS)
220
200
160
180
140
120
100
5
4
3
2
4
3
2
1When Drinking Rate Exceeds Elimination Rate, BAC Rises.
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REMOVING ALCOHOL FROM THE BODYREMOVING ALCOHOL FROM THE BODY
Elimination
ABSORPTION
22BAC is lowered about .015% per hour.
BREATH 8%
SWEAT 2%
LIVER 90%
ELIMINATION RATEELIMINATION RATE
ELIMINATION
STOPSDRINKING – 1:30
ABSORPTION >
>
.16 = PEAK – 2:00
>
.08 = INTOXICATEDLEGALLY – 7:30
> > > > >
.05 = IMPAIRED – 9:30
> > > >
BAC
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ALCOHOL & YOUR BRAINALCOHOL & YOUR BRAIN
Sequence ofMental Growth
Progression of Alcohol’s Sedative Effects
Higher Learning Center
Vital Functions
Muscle Control
Higher Learning Center
Vital Functions
Muscle Control
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HOW ALCOHOL AFFECTS VISIONHOW ALCOHOL AFFECTS VISION
visual acuity
side vision
glare recovery
eye focus
color distinction
distance judgment
night vision
double visiondouble vision 25
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLSHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
Perception
Sleep
Heart
Emotions
Motor ability
Hangover26
REASONS FOR DIFFERING EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
REASONS FOR DIFFERING EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
Expectations
Mood
Tolerance
Fatigue
Individual Differences27
I.P.D.E.I.P.D.E.
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SUMMARY OF EFFECTSSUMMARY OF EFFECTS
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Driving Related Factors:IPDE, Attention, Tracking,
Risk, Reaction Time, Actual Driving Tests
Human Effects:BrainVision
Perception
Risk Factors:Fatal Crash Involvement
Crash ResponsibilityDriver Death
DRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BACDRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BAC
BAC
BAC
.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12
.12.02 .04 .06 .08 .10
TASK AFFECTED:
Divided Attention
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D
CB
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E
FA
DRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BACDRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BAC
BAC
BAC
.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12
.12.02 .04 .06 .08 .10
TASK AFFECTED:
Divided Attention
Information Processing
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NO PASSING ZONE
DRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BACDRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BAC
BAC
BAC
.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12
.12.02 .04 .06 .08 .10
TASK AFFECTED:
Divided Attention
Information Processing
Tracking and Steering
Perception
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PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION
A B
DRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BACDRIVING TASK EFFECTS & BAC
BAC
BAC
.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12
.12.02 .04 .06 .08 .10
TASK AFFECTED:
Divided Attention
Information Processing
Tracking and Steering
Perception
Reaction Time
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REACTION & BRAKING DISTANCESREACTION & BRAKING DISTANCES
Reaction Increase %
60 MPH40 MPH20 MPHBAC
.00%22+20 =
42 ft44+73 =
117 ft66+184 =
250 ftNONE
.05%29+20 =
49 ft58+73 =
131 ft87+184 =
271 ft+32%
Reaction distance + Braking distance = Stopping distance
.10%31+20 =
51 ft62+73 =
135 ft93+184 =
277 ft+41%
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EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON DRIVING ABILITY
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON DRIVING ABILITY
Skid, Crash Simulator,
Auto Control
EXERCISE
Control Group - Unchanged
Blocked Lane,Slalom, T-Turn
-13%
-2%
-17%
-3%
.04 .07 .10
-24%
-8%
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RISK OF DEATH AFTER DRINKINGRISK OF DEATH AFTER DRINKING
16-20
21-34
35+
M – 5F – 3
3
3
M – 52F – 15
13
11
M– 15,560F– 738
572
382
Why are there gender differences for young people?
Why is age a factor? 40
.150+.080 - .099.020 - .049
BACAGE
SURVIVAL RISK & BACSURVIVAL RISK & BAC
BACIncreased Chance of Death
Compared to Sober Drivers *
.03 1.2
.07 1.5
.12 2.4
.17 2.5
.22 3.7
41* Given a crash has occurred.
BAC & CRASH RESPONSIBILITYBAC & CRASH RESPONSIBILITY
BAC% Responsible
for Crash
.01 - .05 64%
.05 - .079 88%
.08 - .149 92%
.15 and greater 96%
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SUMMARY OF EFFECTSSUMMARY OF EFFECTS
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Driving Related Factors:IPDE, Attention, Tracking,
Risk, Reaction Time, Actual Driving Tests
Human Effects:BrainVision
Perception
Risk Factors:Fatal Crash Involvement
Crash ResponsibilityDriver Death
PREVENTING INTOXICATIONPREVENTING INTOXICATIONFood Time
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Strength Amount
YOU KNOW YOU’VE HAD TOO MUCH IF...YOU KNOW YOU’VE HAD TOO MUCH IF...
IFsomeone
asksto drive you
home
IFyou can’tremember how muchyou’ve had
IFroutine things
surprise you
IFyou seem to be the only one drinking
IFfine motor
skills become difficult
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FATAL CRASH RESPONSIBILITY OF DRIVERS USING ALCOHOL & MARIJUANA
FATAL CRASH RESPONSIBILITY OF DRIVERS USING ALCOHOL & MARIJUANA
* Compared to sober risk of responsibility.46
Increased Odds of Fatal Crash Responsibility *
Drugs
5.7Alcohol >.05
3.0Marijuana
19.0Alcohol & Marijuana
MARIJUANA’S EFFECTS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
MARIJUANA’S EFFECTS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
Skills related to driving performance are impaired as THC blood level increases.
Marijuana affects driver’s attentiveness, perception of time and speed, and ability to draw on past driving experiences.
Impairment increases when marijuana is combined with alcohol.
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EFFECTS OF DOWNERS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
EFFECTS OF DOWNERS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
• Downers include benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium), sedatives (Ambien), tranquilizers, and barbiturates.
• Slower reaction time, reduced vigilance, impaired attention tasks and cognition
• Level of risk varies with type of downer and how long driver has been using it (risk greater when first start using).
• Valium produces significant driving impairment over multiple doses.
• Crash risk is 1.6 to 5 times that of driver with no drugs.
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EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
EFFECTS OF OPIATES ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
• Opioids (heroin, Vicodin, OxyContin, morphine, codeine) produce mental clouding, calmness, and drowsiness.
• Effects include slow driving, weaving, poor vehicle control, slow response to stimuli, falling asleep.
• Impairment varies by type of opioid used, route of administration, and tolerance.
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EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS ON ABILITIES RELATED TO DRIVING
• Stimulants include cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, Adderall.
• Cocaine associated with speeding, losing vehicle control, high-risk behaviors, aggressive driving, inattentive driving.
• Low doses may enhance alertness, but prolonged use results in sleep deprivation, paranoia, aggression.
• Some evidence of psychomotor and cognitive impairment in attention, perception and memory with MDMA use.
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ALCOHOLISMALCOHOLISM
More/less alcohol needed for desired effect
Withdrawal symptoms or drink to avoid withdrawal
Desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down
Drinking larger amounts or for longer period than
planned
Activities reduced/given up because of drinking
Much time spent to obtain, use, or recover
Continued use despite problems
Any three reveal alcoholism.51
Contributed to difficulty/inability to meet home, school, or work responsibilities?
Put self in physical danger (driving, sports activities, etc.)?
Led to problems with the legal system?
Led to problems with others (friends, family, fights, etc.)?
Any one YES answer reveals abuse.
Has using alcohol or drugs in the last year...
SUBSTANCE ABUSESUBSTANCE ABUSE
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SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISMSIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM
• Increase in tolerance
• Craving alcohol
• Drinking to cope
• Preoccupation with drinking
• Personality change
• Feelings of remorse, guilt, shame, self-hatred
• Blackouts
• Rationalization
• Blaming others
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?? ? ?
• Binge drinking
• Delirium tremens (DT’s)
• Physical problems
• Money problems
• Work problems
• Gulping/sneaking drinks
• Hiding/protecting source
• Denial
SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISMSIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM
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• Loss of sexual potency
• Difficulty in sleeping
• “Telephonitis”
• “Not that bad yet”
• Changing jobs
• Drinking alone
• Opinion of AA/NA
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OTHER SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISMOTHER SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM
• Use of other drugs
• Age at which drinking began
• Heavy smoking
• Leisure activities focus on alcohol
• Family history
• Different behavior after drinking
• DWI-PI-MIP arrests
OTHER SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISMOTHER SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM
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NUMERICAL DRINKING PROFILE (NDP)
NUMERICAL DRINKING PROFILE (NDP)
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SCORE INDICATION
1
2 - 5
6 - 7
No Problem
Potential Problem
Evident Problem
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ACCIDENT FACTORSACCIDENT FACTORSTime of day
Woman’s drinking
No seatbelts
DRIVER’S DRINKING
Child’s inattention Attention to girlfriend
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PERSONAL ACTIONPERSONAL ACTION
Regulate Drinking None Separate from driving Monitor & control amount
Improve Relationships
Use Public Transportation
Avoid Situations
Substitute Other Activities
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Texas DWI Education Program2009 Revisions
Texas Department of State Health Services
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