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Introduction to Biotechnology
Anas Bahnassi
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Course Overview
• Introduction to Biotechnology.
• Review of genetics.
•
Recombinant DNA technology.• Mutagenesis.
• Recombinant DNA applications.
• Pharmacogenetics and Gene therapy.
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Biotechnology
A field of applied biology that involves the use of
living organisms and bioprocesses inengineering, technology, medicine and other
fields requiring bioproducts.Biotechnology also utilizes these products for
manufacturing purpose.
Modern use of similar terms includes geneticengineering as well as cell and tissue culturetechnologies.
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What does Biotechnology do?
Use molecular biology to develop useful products
and services
Applications of Biotech:
• Drugs + Diagnostics
• Enhance crops.
• Industrial processes.
– Energy production.
– Waste degradation.
– Environmental remediation.
– Unresolved safety concerns.
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Pillars of Biotechnology
Scientific AbilitiesIntellectual
Properties
Regulations Commercial Factors
Commercial
Biotechnology
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Ecology
Physiology
MolecularBiology
Species and
groups of
animals,
plants, andmicrobes
•The structures thatcompose animals,
plants, and
microbes
• How these
structures interact
with each otherand the
environment
• Pharmacology
• Neurology
• Immunology
• The chemical and
physical interactions
within individual cells• The processes that
underlie physiology,
botany, etc.
• What distinguishes
heart from hair
cells?• How is food
processed into
energy and
physiological
structures?
Elements of
Biotechnology
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Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Biotechnology emphasize on DRUGS:• Drugs are less expensive than hospital treatments
– Save healthcare payers time and money
• Drugs are the only effective treatment for some conditions
–
Fill unmet market needs• Post R&D, drug production costs can be very low
– High markup
– Years of patent-protected sales
• Interrupting biological processes is easier than modifying orcreating them
• Cost to develop non-drugs may be similar to drugs, but profits aresmaller
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Pharmaceutical vs Biotech Drugs
• Synthetic (Pharmaceutical) Drugs – Chemically synthesized
– Typically small and water soluble
– Can withstand stomach acids andenter bloodstream
• Biologic (Biotechnology) Drugs – Biologically synthesized
– Typically large proteins, not
necessarily water soluble – Cannot withstand stomach acids
– Cannot cross into bloodstream
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Drug Delivery Systems
Implants
Liposomes
Patches
Dosed
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Delivering Biologics
• Challenge – Must invest in developing effective delivery methods
– Patient compliance
•
Opportunity – Possible to increase efficacy, safety
– Patches and favorable dosage regimens can improvecompliance
Selling twice as much drug by doubling adoptionand compliance selling two drugs, without the cost
of developing two drugs
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Biotech in Drug Development
Injected insulin directly supplements an insufficiency indiabetics
• Prior to 1982, insulin was primarily extracted from pig pancreas
– 50 pigs sacrificed to produce sufficient insulin for one person for one year
– Risk of disease transmission, shortages, immune system rejection
• Use gene splicing to insert human insulin gene into bacteria – Plentiful supply
– No risk of animal disease transmission
– Reduced risk of immune system rejection
Traditional pharmaceutical methods involve chemical synthesis andbiological extracts and pharmaceuticals are often indirect effectors
Biotechnology uses biological synthesis and biologics are often directeffectors
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Scientific Abilities
The Pathway from Science to Drugs
Identify
Target
Find and
Refine
Drug
Pre-
clinical
Trials
Clinical
Trials
Market
and Sell
Drug
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Regulations
Clinical Trials
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Clinical Trials Provide Value Milestones
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R&D is required to reduce risk and
increase the product value
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http://www.linkedin.com/in/abahnassi
attribution – non-commercial – share alike
Anas Bahnassi PhD RPh
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
http://www.slideshare.net/abahnassi
http://twitter.com/abahnassi
http://www.udemy.com/biotechnology