MassMovement

First,letsfinishaboutfriction Friction Theresistancethatonesurfaceorobjectencounterswhenmovingoveranother

F(downslope force)Ffric (upslopeforce)

Gravityisconstantbuttheslope()changes As increases,sodoesF

WhenF>Ffric ..

GSC350NaturalDisasters

First,letsfinishaboutfriction Friction Theresistancethatonesurfaceorobjectencounterswhenmovingoveranother

F(downslope force)Ffric (upslopeforce)

Gravityisconstantbuttheslope()changes As increases,sodoesF

WhenF>Ffric ..

GSC350NaturalDisasters

M

N

F

Ffric

Gm

Sinholes occurwhenoverlyingmaterialcollapsesintoanunderlyingvoid

Limestone(acommonsedimentaryrock)issolubleinacidscarriedbyH20(acidrain)

Undergroundcavernsform (avoid)

Overburdenmaterialwillcollapseintoit

GSC350NaturalDisasters

NotcommonhereontheWestcoast,butbackeast,largeareasoflimestoneexistandcanbeveryporousduetodissolutionofbedrockwithinthewatertable(Karst landscape)

GSC350NaturalDisasters

Easilydamagestructuresbycompletelywipingoutthefoundation

Alargefeaturethatisgenerallynotnoticeableonthehumanscale

Naturalprocessisgroundsettlingduetochangesunderground Occurduetovariousprocesses,butmostwidespreadtodayismaninduced

Groundfluidextraction(Oil,Gas,andH20)

Thawingpermafrost (maninduced?)

GSC350NaturalDisasters

Fluidextractionfromthegroundleavesavoid

Duetolowerpressureinopenpores,overbearingrockcompressesdownwardtofilltheminExtractionofgroundwater

GSC350NaturalDisasters

GSC350NaturalDisasters

Permafrost isgroundthatcontainsfrozenwater(frozenground)

Severalfactorsleadtothethawingofthismaterialwhichmeltstheentrappedice Occursseasonally(wintertosummer) Occurslongterm

Humanconstruction(roads,pipelines) Longtermeffects(globalwarming)

Terraincanbecomepronetolandslidesandsubsideinanunevenmanner

GSC350NaturalDisasters

GSC350NaturalDisasters

GSC350NaturalDisasters

GSC350NaturalDisasters

Hurricanes

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