Download - 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB
![Page 1: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Universitatea POLITEHNICA BucureştiFacultatea de Chimie Aplicată si Ştiinţa Materialelor
PROCESUL DE OBŢINERE A
ETIL TERŢ BUTIL ETERULUI
Student: Ţurcan Alexandru
Grupa 1141 IIPCB
Coordonator: Conf. dr. ing. Gheorghe Bumbac
![Page 2: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cuprins
I. Documentare tehnică
I.1. Importanţa obţinerii industriale a ETBE-ului.
I.2. Obţinerea industrială şi problematica.
II. Dimensionare tehnologicăII.1. Modelarea şi simularea instalaţiei clasice.
II.2. Rezultate şi discuţii.
![Page 3: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I.1. Importanţa obţinerii industriale
a ETBE-ului
![Page 4: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ce este ETBE-ul?
Aditiv al benzinei.
Aditivii îmbunătăţesc calităţile de ardere a combustibililor.
A apărut ca înlocuitor a MTBE-ului, care la rândul lui a înlocuit tetraetilul de plumb.
Recent este produs utilizând resurse regenerabile.
![Page 5: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Obţinere
Reacţia are loc între etanol şi izobutenă sau terţ-butil alcool.
![Page 6: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ETBE
![Page 7: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CO aditivi oxigenaţi
![Page 8: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ETBE recomandat ca aditiv
![Page 9: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Solubilitate în apă
![Page 10: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Configuraţia pieţei
Consumul de ETBE în UE
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
kil
oton
e /
an
Cererea aditivilor în UE
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2003 2006 2009
kil
oton
e /
an TAEETAME
ETBEMTBE
![Page 11: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Materii prime
Izobutena
EtanolulBio
![Page 12: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chimism
CH3
|◘ 2H2C = C i ― C8H16
| (izooctene) CH3
◘ 2CH3― CH2 ― OH H3C ― CH2 ― O ― CH2 ― CH3 + H2O DEE
(dietil eter) CH3 CH3
| |◘ H2C = C + H2O CH3 ― C ― OH | | CH3 CH3 TBA (terţ-butil-alcool)
![Page 13: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Termodinamica reacţiei
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
0 20 40 60 80Temperatura,oC
Con
vers
ia
Sundmacher
Zang
![Page 14: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Catalizatori
Zeoliţi
Răşini
AMBERLYST, PUROLYTE, VIONIT …
![Page 15: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cinetică
SEtOHSEtOH SIBSIB
SSETBESIBSEtOH SETBESETBE
![Page 16: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
I.2.Obţinerea industrială şi problematica
![Page 17: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Schema bloc
EtOH + frC4
ETBE
C4
EtOH recirculat
Reacţie Separare
![Page 18: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Problematica
Randament de transformare scazut (la o trecere a reactanţilor prin reactor) datorită limitării termodinamice de atingere a echilibrului chimic.
Consumuri energetice (pentru separarare) ridicate.
Otravirea catalizatorului (prin ineficienta separarii).
![Page 19: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Obiective
Analiza procesului prin tehnici de modelare, simulare şi integrare a proceselor.
Gasirea de soluţii pentru recuperarea avansată a etanolului, pentru integrarea procesului (distilare reactivă) si eficientizare economică.
![Page 20: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Metode şi instrumente
Modelarea si simularea proceselor folosind simulatorul de proces Aspen HYSYS.
Analiza şi integrarea proceselor (DISTIL, SPRINT).
Evaluarea costurilor economice ca elemente de decizie în adoptarea solutiilor de retehnologizare (CAPCOST)
![Page 21: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Caracteristici de bază ale procesului
Capacitatea de producţie: -2900 kg/h ETBE (98% mas.)
Materii prime: -fracţia C4 din rafinărie (izobutenă 19% mas.)-bioetanol (99% mas.)
Utilitaţi: -abur saturat 4 bar, 12 bar.-apă de răcire.-energie electrică.-catalizator
![Page 22: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Schema de proces
P-5P-6
AS-1
P-11
S-13
S-12
Etanol
V-1F-2
V-2
P-16
C-1 C-2 C-3
V-11
V-12
V-13
S-15
S-17
P-17
P-10
S-2
S-4
S-14 S-16
P-3
P-27
S-5P-5
P-3ETBE
C-4
Etanol recuperat
Izobutan-butene
S-1
F-1
P-4
![Page 23: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
II.1. Modelarea şi simularea instalaţiei
clasice
![Page 24: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Modelarea proprietăţilor fluidelor
Se formează azeotropi(apa-etanol, ETBEetanol).
Avem nevoie de modele termodinamice bazate pe activitati) UNIQUAC, Wilson etc.
![Page 25: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Introducerea reacţiei
![Page 26: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Introducerea cineticii de reacţie în simulator
k1 8.22203107 exp
35474R T
k2 1.117931012 exp
70946R T
KEtOH 0.34276exp11000
R T
![Page 27: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Analiza sistemului de reacţie
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80 100Temperatura, oC
Con
vers
ia
100%
80%
adiabata
izoterma
![Page 28: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Tip reactor
Reactor multitubular, strat fix de granule de catalizator (în ţevi), agent termic (apa recirculată) de răcire între ţevi, circulaţie în contracurent.
Curgerea masei de reactie prin stratul catalitic este modelată similar curgerii tip piston.
Comportarea reactorului s-a ales a fi reprezentată în modelul de proces din simulator de un reactor cu deplasare totală (Plug Flow Reactor).
![Page 29: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Analiza separării
![Page 30: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Analiza separării
Echilibru L-V EtOH-C4 (8 bar)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1x EtOH
y E
tOH
![Page 31: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Analiza separării
Echilibru L-V EtOH-H2O (1 bar)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1x H2O
y H
2O
![Page 32: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PFD
![Page 33: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
II.2. Rezultate şi
discuţii
![Page 34: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Bilanţ de materiale şi energetic
Curenţi
Proprietate Intrare reactor Ieşire reactor QF-1
Fr. de vapori 0 0
Temperatura, ºC 35 55
Debit, kg/h 11525 11525
∆H, MJ/kg -2.366 -2.382
Q, MJ/h -27269 -27449 180
![Page 35: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Bilanţ de materiale şi energetic
Fr. de vap.
T, ºC Debit, kg/h
∆H, MJ/kg Q, MJ/h
To Condenser 1 52 12346 -1.719 -21228
Reflux 0 46 3718 -2.077 -7721
Vârf_C1 0 46 8628 -2.077 -17916
Feed_C1 0.83 90 11526 -2.048 -23604
To Reboiler 0 135 5895 -3.243 -19117
Boil UP 1 140 2997 -3.011 -9022
ETBE 0 140 2898 -9134
qc_C1 4408
qh_C1 962
![Page 36: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Predimensionare m
QA
T K
![Page 37: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Predimensionare taler
![Page 38: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Analiza integrării termice
![Page 39: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Calcul economic
![Page 40: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Calcul economic
![Page 41: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Protecţia mediului
![Page 42: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Concluzii
A fost ales un procedeu similar cu cel dintr-o rafinărie românească, apoi a fost realizată modelarea şi simularea în regim staţionar a acesteia. S-a inregistrat o concordanţă bună între rezultatele simulării si cele din documentaţia de inginerie şi din exploatare.
Bilanţurile de materiale şi energetice obţinute cu simulatorului Aspen HYSYS 7.2. au stat la baza predimensionării utilajelor principale.
Analiza integrării termice a fost făcută aplicand metodologia de integrare a proceselor, bazată pe tehnica pinch, cu ajutorul instrumentului informatic SPRINT. Aceasta analiza a arătat că există un potential important de recuperare de căldura în interiorul procesului, scoţând in evidenţă astfel, necesitatea integrării termice a instalaţiei.
Costul utilajelor şi echipamentelor a fost determinat folosind aplicaţia informatică CAPCOST. Studiul impactului asupra mediului nu a evidenţiat probleme majore în acest sens.
![Page 43: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Bibliografie
◙ Halim Hamid, “Handbook of MTBE and Other Gasoline Oxygenates”, Marcel Dekker Inc., 2004.
◙ “ETBE-Why, when and how to use”, http://www.efoa.eu/en/news-events/efoa-presentations-at-past-events.aspx
◙ Hong Yuan, “ETBE as an additive in gasoline: advantages and disadvantages”, Norrköping, Sweden 2006
◙“The current and future role of bio-ETBE in the EU” http://www. lyondellbasell.com/techlit/techlit/3388.pdf
◙ Bumbac G. et al., “Kinetic Studies On The Etherification Of Isobutene To Fuel Ether Etbe” 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering 2006
◙ Documentaţia tehnică a unei rafinării româneşti
![Page 44: 12 - Ţurcan Alexandru 1141 IIPCB](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061510/55cf9c69550346d033a9bf8b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Vă mulţumesc pentru atenţie