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Mobile broadband network principles
EBU workshop May 12th 2011
Stein Erik PaulsenRadio Technology ManagerCorporate DevelopmentTelenor [email protected]
CONTEST
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CONTENTS
How to avoid interference?
How can capacity be increased?
Why use indoor
antennas?
Why do we need so much
spectrum?
What about the future?
How to build a mobile network?
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-The journey has just started
Radio access network evolution
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The future contains frequent Techno-strategic decisions
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Ericsson:
In 3 years network traffic has increased by a factor of 10…
…and revenue increased by 35%...
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Example of establishing a
GSM radio network
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The base stations (BTS) are distributed
to give RADIO COVERAGE
En
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The base stations (BTS) are distributed
to give RADIO COVERAGE
– and Capacity
En
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Requested traffic
Phase 2: Capacity limited network
Phase 1: Coverage limited network
Larger spectrumSmaller spectrum
Challenge!
Network cost
Start-up cost
Increased traffic drives cost
The challenge of mobile broadband
COST
Revenue
$
Traffic
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With boosting data traffic there is a need for more frequent network updates than before
Traffic load
Basic 3G
HSPA
HSPA+
LTE
= Resulting network cost
Network cost
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Area= 50km2Population= 1 M
Subscribers= 346k15 mErl/sub (*)
Tot. traffic= 5190 Erl
Limited spectrum drives cost! Example: Two operators with very different spectrum size
•Country 1: 8,8MHz band ->44 channels
– =>132 Erlang per base station
– => 40 base stations needed to handle total traffic of 5190 Erlang
• Country 2: 4,4 MHz band -> 22 channels
– =>29 Erlang per base station
– => 179 base stations needed to handle total traffic of 5190 Erlang
=> Having only half of the spectrum can mean 4,5 times the cost.
For illustration purpose only – the conclusions and calculations are simplified
(*) Meaning that the average customer calls for 1,5% of the most busy hour of the day
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Frequency spectrum for mobile communication
CDMA
Digital Dividend 3G
(UMTS2100)
GSM1800GSM900Mobile broadband extension band
2500 MHz500 MHz 2000 MHz1000 MHz 1500 MHz 3000 MHz
Getting more spectrum essential for meeting future service demand
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3G in new frequency bands - refarming
In-Building coverage area for suburban terrain
(Source: Nokia Siemens Networks & Elisa)
(WCDMA = UMTS/HSPA = 3G)
(HSPA)
Access to low frequency spectrum: -High impact on mobile broadband
• Profitable coverage even outside the urban areas
• Potential for saving 50-70% of site costs
=> A fair amount of low-frequency spectrum per operator is a prerequisite.
Digital Dividend band: A desire and a curse:
Too little of something good can be bad!
2600 MHz11%
800 MHz
800 MHz: Very attractive for coverage, but how to avoid traffic congestion if 89% of all users only have coverage from the 800 MHz system?
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Network capacity is hard to predict
10 Mbit/s
5 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
0.5 Mbit/s
TotalCapacity
10 Mbit/s
2.5 Mbit/s
5 Mbit/s
7.5 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s
0.5 Mbit/s
0.2 Mbit/s
0.05 Mbit/s
Growing need for indoor coverage systems
• Urban building walls block 99% of the outdoor signal
• Safe to re-use the same carriers indoors
• Buildings with heavy data traffic: Use indoor antenna systems, WiFi or femtocells
• Need fixed broadband lines to provide connection and offload mobile network
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The future
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-Is the path towards LTE evident?
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-or will we need proper guidance?
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Mob.WiMAX
Low Frequency
Long range
High Frequency
Short range
CDMA FixedWiMAX
3G(UMTS2100)
EDGE1800EDGE900Mobile WiMAX/
3G extension band
2500 MHz500 MHz 2000 MHz 3500 MHz1000 MHz 1500 MHz 3000 MHz
LTE LTE LTELTE LTE
LTE
Digital Dividend
LTEAdv.
LTE is defined for all relevant frequency bands
Evolution in site capacity from GSM to LTE- Downlink, sum of voice and data
Disclaimer: Values should be taken as indicative. Performance will vary greatly with deployed solution, surrounding environment, terminal penetration and size of frequency spectrum. HSPA assumes 14,4 Mbps
version. HSPA+ assumes 64QAM feature, not MIMO or Dual Carrier. Source: CONTEST, Telenor.
20 MHz
10 MHz
Competitive power-Determined by spectrum
LTE deployment strategy must be tuned to our relative ability to compete.
Fakecom
2600
800 MHz
2600
MHz
26
To summmm up…
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Key take-aways
• Convergence: Usage and interactions between mobile and fixed networks will continue to grow to ensure optimum service offerings
• Cost curves: Mobile technologies are much less suited for flat-rate subscriptions than fixed broadband technologies
• Hybrid networks: Operators need to utilize more than one mobile technology to secure cost-effective deployments
• Mobile Broadband: Mobile networks keep offering higher data rates but within limited coverage range, especially indoor
• Indoor coverage: Indoor mobile broadband users represent majority of the traffic and should to a larger extent be connected via indoor antenna solutions.
• New spectrum: Mobile Broadband at low frequencies is a cost-effective solution for areas with lower population density, as long as a healthy traffic balance is maintained.
LTE: Customers expect high performance
…and they expect coverage
Thank you for your attention!
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Backup slides
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Abbreviations
BSC Base Station ControllerBSS Base Station SubsystemBTS Base Transceiver StationCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCSD Circuit Switched DataCN Core NetworkD-AMPS Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone SystemEDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM EvolutionE-GPRS Enhanced - GPRS ERAN EDGE Radio Access NetworkETSI European Telecommunications
Standards InstituteFDD Frequency Division Duplex FDD-DS Frequency Division Duplex –
Direct SpreadFDD-MC Frequency Division Duplex - MultiCarrierGGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access NetworkGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
(Modulation)GPRS General Packet Radio SystemGSM Global System for Mobile
communicationHLR Home Location RegisterHSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataIN Intelligent Network
IP Internet ProtocolISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ITU International Telecommunication UnionIMT-2000 International Mobile TelecommunicationMSC Mobile Switching CenterPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPSK Phase Shift Keying (Modulation)PSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkRNC Radio Network ControllerSCP Service Control PointSGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeTDD Time Division DuplexTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications
SystemUTRAN UMTS Terestrial Radio Access NetworkVHE Virtual Home EnvironmentVLR Visitor Location RegisterVoIP Voice over Internet ProtocolWAP Wireless Application ProtocolW-CDMA Wideband -CDMA2G 2nd Generation (mobile network)(2,5G GPRS)3G 3rd Generation (mobile network)3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership
Project
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Sites, BTSs and cells…
• A SITE is the physical location of which a base station is placed. Includes all equipment put up by the operator (mast, antennas,cabin, base station rack etc.)
• A BTS is the base transceiver station, normally just called base station, i.e. the cabinet(s) containing the 1-3 cells belonging to a site.
• A NodeB is the term used for BTS in UMTS
• A CELL is each uniquely identified GSM or UMTS capacity source in a BTS or NodeB, defined by its own coverage footprint (or coverage cell)
• A TRX is a single transmitter/receiver unit able to provide one single GSM frequency to the cell’s coverage footprint. Each cell has 1-12 TRXs depending on the capacity need.
Typical user data rates
3G basic
HSPA
LTE
LTE-Advanced
100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps
150-350 kbit/s
1.0 – 5 Mbit/s
5 – 60 Mbit/s
30 – 300 Mbit/s
Target for the network evolution: All IP broadband network
network domain
user domain
I n t e r n e t
Fixed network
C o r e T r a n s p o r t
Packet Switch Serving Node
Media Gateway
Packet Switch
Gateway
B a c k h a u l
Base station
Base StationControl
Basic network interfaces
Marie Anne
Service PlatformSubscriber profiles
Authentication
Charging
Intelligent Network
Core Network
Radio / Access Network
Transport Network
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BSC
Backbone network
Hub
ISP internet connection
Core
MSC
MGW BTS
BTS
BTS
n*E1m*E1
Backhaul
E1
CAPEX share forgreenfield voice 30% 20% 50%
Access network
CAPEX share for greenfield MBB 10% 45% 45%
Cost distribution in mobile networks
Core & Backbone network Transport network Radio Access network