UTILIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZER IN INDONESIA
ISWANDI ANASNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY (BATAN),
AND BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (IPB), SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, INDONESIA
PRESENTED AT 11TH FNCA COORDINATORS’ MEETING 11-12 MARCH 2010, TOKYO, JAPAN
PROBLEMS RELATED TO FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA
• 1970: INTRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS (NPK)• SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS • INCREASE IN SOIL DEGRADATION WITH REDUCTION IN SOIL
ORGANIC MATTER (S.O.M) – INFERTILE SOILS 73%• ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION RESULTING FROM BUILD-UP OF
AGROCHEMICALS IN SOIL AND WATER• LOW NUTRIENT UPTAKE EFFICIENCY AS ANOTHER RESULT• CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS HAVE BECOME VERY EXPENSIVE!• NEED CHEAPER, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FERTILIZERS AS
ALTERNATIVES: BIOFERTILIZERS-BIOORGANIC FERTILIZERS
BIO-FERTILIZERSORGANIC FERTILIZERS ENRICHED WITH BIOFERTILIZERMULTI-FUNCTIONAL BIOFERTILIZER (N + P +
ANTAGONISTS)• N2-FIXING BACTERIA (RHIZOBIUM, AZOSPIRILLUM,
AZOTOBACTER)• PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBES (PSM) • PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES• ANTAGONISTS (INHIBIT GROWTH OF PATHOGENS
AND INSECT)
DIFFERENT SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROBES
Prof. Dr Iswandi Anas, 2006 5N2-FIXING BACTERIA
COMMON PSM USED AS
INOCULANTS FOR BIOFERTILIZERS
PROF DR ISWANDI ANAS IPB 2008
100 MILLION SEEDLINGS
VIAGRA TEST
RHIZOBIUM FOR ACACIA AND SOYBEAN
PROF DR ISWANDI ANAS IPB 2008
FNCA BIOFERTILIZER GROUP FROM 8 COUNTRIES
Production of bio-organic fertilizers in China
Year No. of enterprises
Total production
(1000 t)
Types of products
Registered products
1995 110 100 4 /
1997 180 400 7 8
1999 280 900 8 59
2001 350 1,500 9 149
2003 450 2,000 11 286
2005 480 500 11 -
2006 500 2,500 11 498
• Data provided by the Center of Supervision, Inspection and Testing of Biofertilizer Quality of MOA
Number of strains being usedfor biofertilizers in China
• Free-living N-fixing bacteria > 40• Associated N-fixing bacteria 106• Rhizobia >3,000• Phosphate-solubilizing strains ~ 80• Phosphate-decomposing strain > 15• Silicate bacteria > 30• PGPR 150-200• Antagonistic strains ~300• Pesticide degraders ~300
Fan, 2008
Vegetables Treatments
50% FYM + neg control Azo + 50% FYM 100% FYM + neg ctrl
Lettuce 12.00 15.00 18.00
Kailan 32.00 32.00 36.00
Broccoli 14.00 18.90 20.80
Cabbage 37.00 52.00 42.00
Carrot 48.00 53.00 53.00
Note : Plot size 6.00 x 3.20 m
Demo plot 2008 WSBF FNCA, 25 February 2009BIOFERTILIZER-BIOORGANIC FERTILIZER UTILIZATION
IN INDONESIA
VEGETABLE, FOOD CROPS, PLANTATION CROPS, FOREST PLANTATION
Treatment Bogor Sukabumi(ton ha-1)
Conventional (250 Urea, 200 SP-18, 100 KCl) 3.59 4.58Inorganic SRI (250 Urea, 200 SP-18, 100 KCl) 4.35 5.32Mixed (50% inorganic + 300 FERTISMART) 3.96 4.97
Effect of bio-organic fertilizer on rice yield planted according to System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (Iswandi et al., 2009)
CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
Fertilizer treatment Seedlingheight(cm)
Stem diameter
(mm)
No. ofLeaves
100% NPK 87.90 5.47a 13.30a50 % NPK + 100 g BIOST seedling-1 91.90 5.96ab 15.50b50% NPK + 150 g BIOST seedling-1 91.20 6.65b 16.10b
BIO-FERTILIZER / BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR PLANTATION CROPS
CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS NEEDED
50% NPK + 150 g BIOST
50% NPK + 100 g BIOST
100% NPK
27% FERTILIZER COST-SAVING FOR SEEDLINGS
24% FERTILIZER COST-SAVING FOR YOUNG OIL PALM TREES
BIO-FERTILIZER / BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR PLANTATION CROPS
WEED-MULCH: EUPATHORIUM AND TITHONIA
IMPORTANT OF ACCESSIBILITY TO RADIATION FACILITIES FOR
STERILIZATION OF CARRIERS
GOOD QUALITY OF BIOFERTILIZERS
1. “SUPER” MICROBES: ABILITY, SURVIVAL, COMPETITIVENESS, GROWTH RATE
2. CARRIERS: PEAT, COMPOST, CHARCOAL3. GOOD STERILIZATION:
• AUTOCLAVE (CONVENTIONAL)• IRRADIATION (Co60 OR EBM)
Radiation dosage SterilityPeat 60Co 55 kGy < 12 monthPeat 60Co 35 kGy < 1 monthCompost 60Co 25 kGy < 4 monthCompost EBM 37.50 kGy
Sterilization of bio-fertilizer carrier
Good Radiation Practice (GRP), 60 Co and EBM Provide technical services on radiation technology for sterilization on
materials Time (day)
Viability, 109 cfu g-1
0 1.8014 7.5030 1.8060 5.8090 0.86
STANDARDIZATION OF THE BIOFERTILIZERS QUALITY
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE TO PROTECT THE CUSTOMERS (FARMERS) AND PRODUCERS
INDONESIA (MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS):
1. QUALITY TESTING (NUMBER OF BENEFICIAL MICROBES IN CARRIERS, VIABILITY, ETC - BY LABORATORY TEST)
2. EFFECTIVITY TEST: EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD3. EXPIRATION DATE: NEEDS TO BE STANDARDIZED AND ENFORCED
FNCA – BIOFERTILIZER MEETING IN BANGKOK (2-6 NOV. 2010)FNCA GUIDELINES FOR STANDARIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS (REQUIRES COLLABORATION AMONG FNCA MEMBERS)
FERTILIZERS Years2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total
Organic fertilizers 9 30 70 72 90 271Bio-fertilizers 3 4 9 8 12 36Zeolite - 7 5 7 5 24Dolomite - 13 11 11 18 53Soil amendments - 5 2 - 1 8Agriculture lime - 1 1 2 3 7Total 12 60 98 100 129 399
REGISTERED NON INORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA
REGISTERED BI0-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN INDONESIA
CONCLUSIONS1. GROWING DEMAND FOR BIOFERTILIZERS AND
BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
2. MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOFERTILIZERS ARE NEEDED: N + P + OTHER NUTRIENTS + PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS + ANTAGONISTS
3. IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGY IS NEEDED TO PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY BIOFERTILIZERS (NEED AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS)
4. NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS
5. STRONG SUPPORT FROM FNCA IN RESEARCH FUNDING CAN IMPROVE CURRENT SITUATION