04/21/2304/21/23
Muscular SystemMuscular System
Muscles for LocomotionMuscles for Locomotion
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
EngageEngage
Tennis Ball Muscle ActivityTennis Ball Muscle Activity
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
ExploreExplore
Chicken Wing DissectionChicken Wing Dissection
The major function of the muscular The major function of the muscular system is to support our body in system is to support our body in movement. Through observations movement. Through observations and class discussion, you will make and class discussion, you will make deduction about certain principles of deduction about certain principles of muscle function. muscle function.
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
ExploreExplore
““Multitalented Muscles” Multitalented Muscles”
Web SearchWeb Search
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
ExplainExplain
What are some functions of the What are some functions of the Muscular System?Muscular System?
Contract and relax to move the body.Contract and relax to move the body.
Stores energyStores energy
Protects internal organsProtects internal organs
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Two Muscle CategoriesTwo Muscle Categories
InvoluntaryInvoluntary– NOT under conscious controlNOT under conscious control
VoluntaryVoluntary– Under conscious controlUnder conscious control
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Think About It!!Think About It!!
Can you think of one body function Can you think of one body function that you perform without thinking that you perform without thinking about it?about it?– Breathing, Heart Beating, Digestion, Breathing, Heart Beating, Digestion,
etc… etc…
How about one that one must think How about one that one must think about?about?– Picking up a pencil, walking, running, Picking up a pencil, walking, running,
etc… etc…
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Three Types of MusclesThree Types of MusclesSmooth MuscleSmooth Muscle
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Smooth MuscleSmooth MuscleWhereWhere lining lining of Internal of Internal Organs and Organs and Blood VesselsBlood VesselsInvoluntaryInvoluntaryNon striated Non striated FunctionFunction Squeeze, exert Squeeze, exert pressure by pressure by slow and slow and prolonged prolonged contractionscontractions
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
WhereWhere Heart Heart
InvoluntaryInvoluntary
Striated Striated and and branchedbranched
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleMajority of Majority of muscle in the muscle in the bodybodyVoluntaryVoluntaryStriatedStriatedFound Found attached to attached to the skeleton the skeleton by TENDONS.by TENDONS.
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
QuestionsQuestions
What are the two categories of What are the two categories of muscles?muscles?
What are the three types of muscles?What are the three types of muscles?
Muscle that contract under conscious Muscle that contract under conscious control are _________.control are _________.
______ attaches muscle to bone.______ attaches muscle to bone.
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Skeletal Muscle StructureSkeletal Muscle Structure
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Skeletal Muscle StructureSkeletal Muscle Structure
MuscleMuscle - made of bundles - made of bundles
Bundles-Bundles- many muscle fibers many muscle fibers
Muscle Fiber – Muscle Fiber – many myofibrilsmany myofibrils
MyofibrilsMyofibrils- filaments (thick or thin)- filaments (thick or thin)
Thick filamentsThick filaments –myosin protein –myosin protein
Thin filamentsThin filaments –actin protein –actin protein
Thick and Thin give striated lookThick and Thin give striated look
Skeletal Muscle StructureSkeletal Muscle Structure
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Functional Unit of MuscleFunctional Unit of Muscle
SarcomereSarcomere– Section of myofibrilSection of myofibril
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Muscle ContractionsMuscle Contractions
Actin pulledCross-bridge releases actin
Cross-bridge changes shape
Myosin returns to original
shape
Myosin forms cross-bridge
with actin
2
1
34
5
Cycle Diagram
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Muscle ContractionsMuscle Contractions
Actin pulledCross-bridge releases actic
Cross-bridge changes shape
Myosin returns to original
shape
Myosin forms cross-bridge
with actin
2
1
34
5
Cycle Diagram
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Muscle Attachment to BoneMuscle Attachment to Bone
Muscles attached to bone by Muscles attached to bone by tendonstendons..
Muscles are attached in opposing Muscles are attached in opposing pairs.pairs.
One Muscle contracts to raise the One Muscle contracts to raise the limb, while the second will contract limb, while the second will contract to lower it.to lower it.
Bicep / TricepsBicep / Triceps
Movement Movement
Biceps (relaxed)
Triceps (contracted)
Biceps (contracted)
Triceps (relaxed)
Figure 36-11 Opposing Muscle Pairs
Section 36-2
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Muscle Strength and ExerciseMuscle Strength and Exercise
Strength DOES NOT depend upon the Strength DOES NOT depend upon the number of fibers. Why?number of fibers. Why?
Born with all fibers we will have.Born with all fibers we will have.
Depends on the THICKNESS of fibers Depends on the THICKNESS of fibers and how many contract at one timeand how many contract at one time
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Muscle Soreness After ExerciseMuscle Soreness After ExerciseDo muscle cells need ODo muscle cells need O22??– Yes!!!Yes!!!
Do muscle cells need ATP?Do muscle cells need ATP?– Yes!!!Yes!!!
Working out moderately provides us enough Working out moderately provides us enough oxygen (aerobic) to change glucose into ATPoxygen (aerobic) to change glucose into ATP– Called _________ respirationCalled _________ respiration
Working out rigorously does not allow us to get Working out rigorously does not allow us to get enough Oenough O22 in our blood. What happens with no O in our blood. What happens with no O22 (anaerobic)?(anaerobic)?Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid builds up in muscle cells passes into Lactic Acid builds up in muscle cells passes into the blood stream, causes the blood to become the blood stream, causes the blood to become acidic, stimulates breathing, and can cause acidic, stimulates breathing, and can cause crampingcramping
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
Regular ExerciseRegular Exercise
Improves functioning of musclesImproves functioning of muscles
Aerobic training can affect a muscle’s Aerobic training can affect a muscle’s ability to share and use energyability to share and use energy
Increases endurance and thickness Increases endurance and thickness of muscle filaments (strength)of muscle filaments (strength)
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
ElaborationElaborationThe Universe WithinThe Universe WithinWatch the coordination of several different Watch the coordination of several different body systems and how they make Mike body systems and how they make Mike Powell the world’s greatest long jumper.Powell the world’s greatest long jumper.Muscle Builders! Muscle Builders! Using various materials, you will build a Using various materials, you will build a model that simulates muscle contractions model that simulates muscle contractions and relaxations. This model depicts one and relaxations. This model depicts one muscle working in isolation, but as we muscle working in isolation, but as we have learned, muscles in the body have learned, muscles in the body cooperate in a group effort, like in the cooperate in a group effort, like in the chicken wing. chicken wing.