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WORKSHOP ON SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING
1 June 2004Columbia University
James G. Neal Remarks During Open Session
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SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION KEY ISSUES
• Imbalance in information price relative to value and source costs.
• Time lag between authorship, peer review, publication, and dissemination.
• Imbalance in information authorship, ownership, and proprietary rights.
• Unrecognized as public policy issue.
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SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION CONCERNS
• Choking on the Proliferation
• Location of Quality Marking
• Corporate Economy Overtakes Guild Economy
• Dysfunctional Market
• Intellectual Property Ownership
• Darwinian/Capitalistic/Socialist Solutions
• New Models of Digital Scholarship
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ELECTRONIC SCHOLARLY PUBLISHINGSOME MODELS
• Commercial Publishing Model
• Academic Server Model
• Prestigious Publishing Model
• University Publishing Cooperative
• Public Domain Model
• Government Server Model
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ELECTRONIC SCHOLARLY PUBLISHINGSOME MODELS
• Digital Library Model
• Electronic Book Model
• Electronic Collection Model
• Retrospective Model
• Preprint Server Model
• Peer Review Lite Model
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NORMS OF SCHOLARLY WORKAT THE UNIVERSITY
• Open and Free Exchange of Ideas
• Publication in Scholarly and Scientific Journals
• Meritocracy
• Organized Skepticism
• Common Ownership of Goods
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ELECTRONIC SCHOLARLY PUBLISHINGCRONIN OBSERVATIONS
• Discipline Diversity
• Importance of Trust
• Importance of Credibility
• Velocity of Communication
• Expanded Readership
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ELECTRONIC SCHOLARLY PUBLISHINGCRONIN OBSERVATIONS
• New Economics
• Vertical Integration
• New Modes of Discourse
• Democratization
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SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS
• Information Generation and Creation
• Authoring
• Informal Peer Communication
• Editorial and Validation
• Ownership, Privacy, and Security
• Distribution
• Acquisition and Access
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SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS
• Storage
• Preservation and Archiving
• Information Management
• Location and Delivery
• Recognition
• Diffusion
• Utilization of Information
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HIGHER EDUCATIONCORE INTERESTS
• Competitive Market
• Easy Distribution and Reuse
• Innovation Applications of Technology
• Quality Assurance
• Permanent Archiving
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SPARC MESSAGES
• Barrier-Free Access to Research
• Risks of Industry Consolidation
• Protect/Expand Author Rights
• Community Control of Scholarly Communication
• Incubation of Alternative Channels
• Hope/Power/Action through Collaboration
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SPARC PROGRAMS
Publishing Partnerships
Create Change
Leading Edge
Scientific Communities
Declaring Independence
Gaining Independence
Consulting Group/ Legal Services
Institutional Repository
Open Access
Next Step
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Open Virtual Electronic Library
• Shared Content, Tools and Services
• Collaboration Among Stakeholders
• Extensible Architecture
• Test Bed for Assessment and Innovation
• New Digital Content Rights
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FUTURE OF PUBLISHINGRESEARCH COMMUNITY STRATEGIES
• Market Conforming
• Market Distorting
• System Transforming
• System Busting
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HAVE WE MADE A DIFFERENCE?
• Have publication prices gone down? Why?
• Are research results circulating more quickly? How?
• Are institutions or individuals asserting some control over their intellectual property?
• Has academic publisher consolidation been reduced?
• Have SPARC publishing partnerships been more additive than competitive?
• Are researchers/academic administrators talking more about scholarly publishing issues?
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HAVE WE MADE A DIFFERENCE?
• Is open access truly an alternative to publisher-based scholarly publishing?
• In the absence of a coordinated plan for archiving of digital publications, will open access models survive?
• Can peer-review and open access models come together?
• Are editorial boards willing and able to break away from commercial publishers?
• Will scholarly communication be embraced as an important public policy issue?
• Will fair use survive the legislative battles?
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SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING2028
• Chaos Breeds Life
• Information Anarchy
• Information Fascism
• Information Utopia
• Information Theology