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S&T in South Africa – 2005SA-Norway w/shop
Dhesigen NaidooDDG International
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Historical Perspective Pres Mandela’s government inherited an
isolationist S&T system.The post-1994 goals of SA S&T were : ! addressing economic growth, ! improving the quality of life of all, ! broadening capacity base and to ! becoming a significant international player in S&T
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National R&D strategy: challenges
Small S&T base
Wealth creation in modern economies is dependent on innovation, research and development
Need for investment and partnership
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Future R&D Capacity
Technical progress(Improvement and
Innovation)SET Human Capital
Business Performance
Current R&D Capacity
Wealth Creation
Imported Know-how
Quality of Life
R & D Strategy framework
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Pillars of a STRSAchieving mastery of technological change in our economy and society (Innovation)Increasing investment in the Science base (Human Capital and Transformation)Strengthening the government S&T system (Alignment and Delivery)
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Research Development Manufacturing
LocalKnowledge
Local Industry & Industrial Products
OVERSEAS TECHNOLOGY SOURCESResearch Development Production
Technology
Transfer
$
Innovation “Chasm”
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• Implementing the new S&T strategic management model;
• Ensure that the NSI addresses national growth and development goals in both the first and second economy
• Develop and maintain a highly competent and representative cohort of scientists in South Africa;
• Ensuring that South Africa has world class scientific infrastructure in place
• Administer an optimal set of funding instruments, and• Respond creatively to global and continental
challenges
DST GOALS and Objectives
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DST Key Deliverables
• Strong innovation chains in biotechnology, nanotechnology, the hydrogen economy, space science, information technology and manufacturing
• Technologies to address poverty • Careers for young people careers in
SET• SA as preferred S&T destination
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• Large scale, broad scope new technology platforms and challenges (e.g. space science, nanotechnology, the hydrogen economy etc) - type I capacity. Cross-cutting.
• Sector-focused relatively mature research domains (mining, medicine, water etc) - type II capacity. Sector-specific.
• Routine technology based services (e.g. marine resource estimation, standards writing, geological surveying, forensics etc)- type III capacity. Technology services
S&T Strategic Management Model
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GE: ‘Frontier Science and Technology’
GE: ‘Frontier Science and Technology’
GE: Intergov. Programmes
GE: Intergov. Programmes
GE: International
GE: International
Expert scientific services
(Structured under a GE and GM)
Expert scientific services
(Structured under a GE and GM)
GE: Corp. Services
GE: Corp. Services
Director General
DST
CD: New programs and cross cutting institutions and agencies
CD: New programs and cross cutting institutions and agencies
CD: Human capitalCD: Human capital
CD: Departments A – Economic ++, Local Innovation and Development
CD: Departments A – Economic ++, Local Innovation and Development
CD: Departments B – Social and others
CD: Departments B – Social and others
CD: R&D plans of all departments,
Sector institutions and agencies
CD: R&D plans of all departments,
Sector institutions and agencies
CD: International co-operation
CD: International co-operation
CD: International resources
CD: International resources
Attaché's Attaché's
Specific expertise:• ICT• Biotechnology• Space Science• Energy• Manufacturing• Nanotechnology• Poverty reduction• Indigenous knowledge• Indicators• Etc etc
Specific expertise:• ICT• Biotechnology• Space Science• Energy• Manufacturing• Nanotechnology• Poverty reduction• Indigenous knowledge• Indicators• Etc etc
CD: Minister’s officeCD: Minister’s office
D: Office of DGD: Office of DG
CD: FinanceCD: Finance
CD: CommCD: Comm
D: Performance auditD: Performance audit
D: GovernanceD: Governance
D: Deputy Minister office
D: Deputy Minister office
CD: HRCD: HR
D: Legal serviceD: Legal service
D: ITD: IT
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DG/CEO
Frontier Sc IGP International SciTes Corporate
MinisterDep Min
Presidentand
Cabinet
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DG/CEO
Frontier Sc IGP International SciTes Corporate
MinisterDep Min
Presidentand
Cabinet
Parliament
PCS&T
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DSTScienceCouncils
HEIsPvtLabs
SA R&D Landscape
Private
Public
PvtLabs
PvtLabs
PvtLabs
PublicLabs
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Mexico Turkey (1997)Greece (1997)Portugal (1997)
Hungary Slovak Republic
Poland South Africa
SpainItaly
New Zealand (1997)Czech Republic
Ireland (1997)Australia (1998)
CanadaNorw ayAustria
Belgium (1997)EU
United Kingdom Netherlands (1998)
DenmarkFrance OECD
Iceland Germany
Korea United States
Sw itzerland (1996)Japan Finland
Sw eden
Source: OECD
*
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0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05
0.00%
0.02%
0.04%
0.06%
0.08%
0.10%
0.12%
0.14%
0.16%
0.18%
0.20%
Science Councils Science Councils + DST
Science Councils %GDP Science Vote %GDP
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7.2 7.0
6.4
5.0
2.0 1.9
1.0
01
23
45
67
8
Nu
mb
er o
f R
esea
rch
ers
per
100
0 E
mp
loye
d
Australia Malaysia South Korea Spain Argentina South Africa China
Number of Full Time Equivalent [FET] Researchers per 1000 Total Employed in 2001
*South Africa is too low to permit sustained contributions in the global economy
Source: 2001 R&D Survey
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0
5
10
15
20
25
Engineers per 1000 workers
Finland
Sweden
Britain
Singapore
Japan
Australia
US
South Korea
SA - 1990
SA - 2002
Engineering disciplines are poorly represented in SA institutions and without high impact research
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SummaryFocus: The “Innovation Chasm”Build innovation capacity in key technology missions for competitiveness and developmentEnhance sub-regional and regional initiativesAct locally ->globallyEnhance multilateralism as international instrument of choice for positive global change
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• DST provides a core service to Government and the nation by managing the entire portfolio of type I activity, whether in government laboratories or universities.
• DST ensures a common governance framework and KPIs, system indicators and records government S&T budget.
• Line departments assume primary responsibility for type II activity with DST partnership.
• Line departments have full responsibility for type III activities.
• Votes will be restructured over an agreed period to reflect the classification described above.
• An integrating S&T System Act to provide a mandate.
A new Strategic S&T Management Approach for SA