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OverviewOverview
• Task and relationship behaviorsTask and relationship behaviors
• Leadership variablesLeadership variables
• Situational Leadership ModelSituational Leadership Model
• Case study (optional)Case study (optional)
• ExerciseExercise
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SUCCESSFUL SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP
““The leader is one who mobilizes others toward a goal shared by leaders and followers.” The leader is one who mobilizes others toward a goal shared by leaders and followers.” — Gary Wills— Gary Wills Certain Trumpets: The Call of LeadersCertain Trumpets: The Call of Leaders
“The task of leadership is not to put greatness into people, but to elicit it, for the greatness is there already.”“The task of leadership is not to put greatness into people, but to elicit it, for the greatness is there already.”— John Buchan— John Buchan
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Involves:• Clearly telling people
- What to do- How to do it- Where to do it- When to do it
• Closely supervising performance
Task Behavior
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Relationship Behavior
Involves:• Listening to people
• Providing support
and encouragement• Facilitating involvement
in problem solving and decision making
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Interim Summary
• Task/Relationship behaviorTask/Relationship behavior• Leadership variablesLeadership variables
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S3
S1S4
S2
Low Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
High Task/ Low RelationshipBehavior
High Task/ High RelationshipBehavior
High Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
PROGRESSION TOWARD PERFORMANCE READINESS (High) (Low)(Moderate)
R4 R1R2R3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
(High)
TASK BEHAVIOR (High)(Low)
RELATIONS HIP
BEHAVIOR
FOLLOWERS
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Individual Performance Readiness
• Ability: Knowledge Skills Experience
• Willingness: Confidence,CommitmentMotivation
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Levels of Performance Readiness
R1: Unable and insecure, or unwilling
R2: Unable, but confident or willing
R3: Able, but insecure or unwilling
R4: Able, confident and willing: ready to achieve
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Performance Readiness• R1 Unable - Insecure or
Unwilling • R2 Unable – but
Confident
• R3 Able – but Insecure or Unwilling
• R4 Able and Confident, Willing and Ready to Achieve
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Performance ReadinessPerformance ReadinessTransition from R1/R2 to R3/R4:• Transforms performance from leader-directed
to self-directed• Causes range of emotions
Transition between each level: • Challenges leader’s “timing” in employing
confidence-building techniques• Is Not Linear – leader may have to react to
several performance levels simultaneously
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S3
S1S4
S2
Low Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
High Task/ Low RelationshipBehavior
High Task/ High RelationshipBehavior
High Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
PROGRESSION TOWARD PERFORMANCE READINESS (High) (Low)(Moderate)
R4 R1R2R3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
(High)
TASK BEHAVIOR (High)(Low)
RELATIONS HIP
BEHAVIOR
FOLLOWERS
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Telling • High task, low relationship-oriented• One-way communication • Leader solves problems, makes all key
decisions• Leader directs, then guides roles of followers as they progress
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S3
S1S4
S2
Low Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
High Task/ Low RelationshipBehavior
High Task/ High RelationshipBehavior
High Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
PROGRESSION TOWARD PERFORMANCE READINESS (High) (Low)(Moderate)
R4 R1R2R3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
(High)
TASK BEHAVIOR (High)(Low)
RELATIONS HIP
BEHAVIOR
FOLLOWERS
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Selling• High task, high relationship-oriented• Two-way communications opened• Leader hears followers’ suggestions, ideas
and opinions• Leader maintains control over decision making, but employs
persuasion and explains actions
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S3
S1S4
S2
Low Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
High Task/ Low RelationshipBehavior
High Task/ High RelationshipBehavior
High Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
PROGRESSION TOWARD PERFORMANCE READINESS (High) (Low)(Moderate)
R4 R1R2R3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
(High)
TASK BEHAVIOR (High)(Low)
RELATIONS HIP
BEHAVIOR
FOLLOWERS
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Participating• High relationship, low task behavior• Focus of control shifts to follower• Follower has ability and knowledge to do
a task• Leader actively listens –
builds confidence
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S3
S1S4
S2
Low Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
High Task/ Low RelationshipBehavior
High Task/ High RelationshipBehavior
High Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
PROGRESSION TOWARD PERFORMANCE READINESS (High) (Low)(Moderate)
R4 R1R2R3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
(High)
TASK BEHAVIOR (High)(Low)
RELATIONS HIP
BEHAVIOR
FOLLOWERS
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Delegating
Low task/low relationship style – • Followers make key decisions, implement • Leader:
- Gets updates from followers- Offers resource support- Delegates tasks judiciously- Encourages risk-taking and
independent thought
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S3
S1S4
S2
Low Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
High Task/ Low RelationshipBehavior
High Task/ High RelationshipBehavior
High Relationship/ Low TaskBehavior
PROGRESSION TOWARD PERFORMANCE READINESS (High) (Low)(Moderate)
R4 R1R2R3
THE FOUR LEADERSHIP STYLES
(High)
TASK BEHAVIOR (High)(Low)
RELATIONS HIP
BEHAVIOR
FOLLOWERS
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Applying Proper Applying Proper Leadership StylesLeadership Styles
• What do you want to accomplish?
• What is the group's performance level?
• What leadership action should you take?
• What is the result of your leader style? • Do you need to follow up?
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Leader Style – How to Act
Task Behaviors: Relationship Behaviors:
Set Goals Give Support
Organize Communicate
Set Timelines Facilitate
Direct Actively Listen
Control Provide Feedback
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SummarySummary
• Task and relationship behaviorsTask and relationship behaviors
• Leadership variablesLeadership variables
• Situational Leadership ModelSituational Leadership Model
• Case study (optional)Case study (optional)
• ExerciseExercise