Download - 1 - Restless Earth UPDATED
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Dynamic Planet - Restless Earth - 1
Restless Earth
How and why do tectonic plates move?
What are the different types of plate boundary and what hazards
are found there?
Convection currentsfrom the hot outercore and mantle movethe tectonic plates onthe earth’s surface
The Iron in the outer core producesa magnetic field which protects theearth from radiation from space
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
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Dynamic Planet - Restless Earth - 1
Volcano
Montserrat !aribbean "#ED!$
Montserrat is found on a destructive plate oundar!
"rimar! Effects #econdar! Effects
%ocial • $% people died in 1&&'• ()* of the population were
evacuated to the north of theisland to live in ma+eshift shelters
• "l!mouth - the capital ecame a
ghost town• Man! schools and hospitals were
destro!ed• ,omes were destro!ed and
aandoned
• ,ealth prolems werereported due ! volcanic ashcontaining .uart/ that can thencause silicosis0
• Ageing population as man!
!oung people have left theisland
• ver half the population leftthe island and have notreturned man! went to the230
Economic • Infrastructure4 including theairport4 was destro!ed - $5% ofthe island was covered in ash
• 6armland was destro!ed
• Tourism came to a halt• 2nemplo!ment rose as tourism
industr! declined
Environmental • More than half Montserrat
ecome uninhaitale7• "!roclastic flows destro!ed
ever!thing in their path
• 6loods as valle!s loc+ed !
ash• 6orest fires caused !
p!roclastic flows
&mmediate Responses #on' (erm Responses
• #cientists monitored the volcano and
set up warning s!stems via radio4
loudhailer and sirens• The 23 government sent 81' million of
emergenc! aid4 including temporar!
uildings and water purification s!stems• Charities li+e the Red Cross set up
temporar! schools• "eople were evacuated to the north of
the island4 and then to other countries
• Ten !ears later the #outh of the island
is still out of ounds4 and scientists are
still monitoring the volcano• The 23 government funded a three !ear
re-development plan7 It is uilding
homes4 schools4 infrastructure and
hospitals
• The Red Cross have uilt a home for theelderl!
• Tourists ma! come ac+ and the volcano
itself could ecome a tourist attraction
Prediction #eismometers9 to monitor earth.ua+es as magma rises to the surfaceTiltmeters9 to monitor the volcano swelling as it fills with magmaAircraft9 To measure the amount of gas given off ! the volcano
Protection
Concrete channels9 To divert dangerous :lahar’ mudflows
Concrete shelters9 To protect people from volcanic oms and ashEvacuation routes9 Clearl! signposted7 "eople also have regular drills
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Dynamic Planet - Restless Earth - 1
Earth)ua*es in MED!+s and #ED!+s
Haiti "#ED!$
,aiti is found on a conservative plate oundar!7 The earth.ua+e in $)1)7 Magnitude '
Primary caused directl! ! the earth.ua+e0 %econdary result from primar! effects0
%1;4))) people were +illed and 1 million peoplewere made homeless7
1 in ( people lost their <os ecause so man!uildings were destro!ed7
$()4))) homes and %)4))) other uildings4including the "resident’s "alace were eitherdestro!ed or adl! damaged
The large numer of deaths meant thathospitals and morgues ecame full and odiesthen had to e piled up on the streets
Transport and communication lin+s were alsoadl! damaged ! the earth.ua+e
The large numer of odies meant that diseases4especiall! cholera4 ecame a serious prolem
,ospitals ()=0 and schools 14%))=0 wereadl! damaged4 as was the airport’s controltower
It was difficult getting aid into the areaecause of issues at the airport and generall!poor management of the situation
The main prison was destro!ed and >4)))inmates escaped
"eople were s.uashed into shant! towns or ontothe streets ecause their homes had eendestro!ed leading to poor sanitation and health4and looting ecame a real prolem
&mmediate Responses #on' (erm Responses
?1)) million in aid given ! the 2#A and ?%%)million ! the European 2nion
&@* of the rule on the roads hadn’t eencleared restricting aid access
Lac+ of immediate aid through poor planning4management and access meant that people hadto tr! and rescue each other
1 million people still without houses after 1 !earso still have to live in aid camps
11(4))) tents and 14)))4)))= tarpaulinshelters provided4 @1)4))) people placed in aidcamps7 ,ealthcare supplies provided to limitdisease
#upport for people without <os4 which e.uatesto nearl! ')* of the population4 throughcash5food-for-wor+ pro<ects
,apan "MED!$
Earth.ua+e proof
design in the developingworld7
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Dynamic Planet - Restless Earth - 1
apan is found on a destructive plate oundar!7 The earth.ua+e in $)117 Magnitude &
Primary caused directl! ! the earth.ua+e0 %econdary result from primar! effects0
Bround sha+ing9 parts of apan were shifted$7> metres further east7
Tsunami- this was caused ! a (@ metre upthrust along a 1@) +m long section of theseaed7
Bround susidence9 a >)) +m stretch ofcoastline dropped verticall! ! )7; metres4which allowed the tsunami to overtop defencesand travel further and faster inland7
6looding- there was massive coastal flooding asa conse.uence of the tsunami flowing inland
#oil li.uefaction9 this was found to haveoccurred in areas of reclaimed land aroundTo+!o4 damaging more than a thousanduildings7
The economic impact on the region and on apanas a whole is severe7 The apanese governmentestimated that the damage alone could cost2#?%)) illion7 D! une that !ear4 $)&companies in apan had een forced intoan+ruptc! ! the disaster7
1(4@>( +illed1$@4>'& properties totall! destro!ed%4&1@ roads damaged'@ ridges damaged7
uclear power plants were damaged7 In the6u+ushima region over $))4))) residents wereevacuated and are still unale to return to thearea7
&mmediate Responses #on' (erm Responses
TeFt messages were sent and TG roadcastsinterrupted to warn people of the potentialtsunami following the earth.ua+e
Long term planning9 The! have regularearth.ua+e drills to educate people7 Emergenc!services practice how to rescue people7 "eople+eep emergenc! +its at home torch4 food4 radio0
The nuclear power plant at 6u+oshima wasautomaticall! shut down
Man! uildings in apan are earth.ua+e proof deep foundations4 strong4 fleFile steel frames4and shoc+ asorers in the uildings’ frame7
Emergenc! rescue teams were moilised.uic+l! and effectivel! to reach and rescueaffected people7
Earth.ua+e proof design in thedeveloped world7 E7g7 apan