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Reference:
A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, © Oxford University Press, 5/e, 2004
Summary of Circuits Theory
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Voltage and Current Sources
Ideal Voltage Source It provides an output voltage vs which is independent of
the current delivered
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Voltage and Current Sources
Ideal Current Source It provides a current is which is independent of the voltage
between the two terminals of the current source
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Voltage and Current Sources
Real Voltage Source and Real Current Source In “real” sources there is always some energy loss (heat)
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Voltage and Current Sources
Controlled (or dependent) source It is a source whose voltage or current is a function of
the voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit
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Linearity’s Principle
)f(xβ)f(xα)xβxf(α 2121
Linearity = Scaling + Superposition
)()()(:ionSuperposit
)()(:Scaling
2121 xfxfxxf
xfkxkf
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Linear Components
Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor, and Transformer
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Ohm Law
The voltage across a conductor is proportional to the current flowing through it
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Kirchoff Current Law (KCL) The sum of all currents leaving a node must
be zero at any instant in time. A node is a point where two or more circuit components meet.
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The sum of all voltages around a loop must be zero at all times. A closed path is called a loop or a mesh.
Kirchoff Voltage Law (KVL)
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Network Theorems
Superposition The response of a linear network containing several
independent sources is found by considering each generator separately and then adding the individual responses
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Network Theorems
TheveninAny linear network may, with respect to a pair
of terminals, be replaced by a voltage generator VTH (equal to the open circuit voltage) in series with the resistance RTH seen between these terminals. To find RTH all independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited.
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Network TheoremsThevenin
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Network Theorems
NortonAny linear network may, with respect to a pair
of terminals, be replaced by a current generator IN (equal to the short circuit current) in parallel with the resistance RN seen between these terminals. To find RN all independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited.
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Network TheoremsNorton
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Network TheoremsMiller
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Network TheoremsMiller
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Network Theorems
Miller