5
Foreshortening
• Also vertical angulation; too much angulation; correct by decreasing vertical angulation
7
Overlapping
• Incorrect horizontal angulation; cone is angled toward mesial or distal surfaces of teeth, instead of at interproximal areas
• *Evaluate film placement in regard to curve of arch, NOT pt;s face/cheeks
15
Underexposed Film
• Light and has thin image; check the settings for mAs, kVs and exposure time; also occurs if cone is not positioned close enough to pt’s face
20
Backward Film
• Placing film reversed causes image to be white and a herringbone pattern to be seen
23
Light film image
• Underprocessed; developing time too short, developing temp too low, developing solution weak from overuse and needs to be changed
24
Dark film image
• Over developing: developing solution temp too high, devel solution too stong, film left in devel too long
25
Fogged Film
• Gray appearance, film image detail is lost, contrast is lessened; improper storage conditions, outdated films, light leaks in processing room, light leaks on daylight loaders
29
Film Artifacts
• Result from improper handling; water spots on unprocessed films leaves clear area; fixer on unprocessed film leaves white area; developer leaves black area; also, yellow/brown stain from not rinsing properly, black artifacts from static electicity, fluroide leaves fingerprint smudge; films which touch leave shape of edge or corner of film
32
Air Bubbles on Film
• Trapped on film if not agitated when placed in processing solutions; leaves round white spots
33
Reticulation
• When film has been exposed to high temp then low temp; looks dried with tiny cracks