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Lecturer 2 (Review)
SelfPOSITIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to positive
feedback, good feelings, and acceptance. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD (p. 39)
refers to giving positive regard and acceptance at all times and in all situations.
CONDITIONAL POSTIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to giving positive regard and acceptance only in certain conditions
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Other key concepts in Ch 2
Self-concept = how we think about ourselves (cognitive)
Self-esteem = how we feel about ourselves (emotional)
Self-efficacy = bridge between self-concept and self-esteem by influencing both cognition and emotion
Positive self = refer to visions, both positive and negative, of who and what we might become someday
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See page 44
Key Elements of Self
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Caritas Francis Hsu CollegeGeneral Education 2009-2010PHI1011 Individual and Society
Lecture 3: Self (Chapter 2) and
Personality and Needs (Chapter 3)
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The Johari Window
Known to Self Unknown to self
Known to others
Unknown to others
Open Blind
Hidden Unknown
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The Johari Window – early relationship
Known to Self Unknown to self
Known to others
Unknown to others
Open Blind
Hidden Unknown
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The Johari Window – close relationship
Known to Self Unknown to self
Known to others
Unknown to others
Open Blind
Hidden Unknown
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The Johari Window
Known to Self Unknown to self
Known to others
Unknown to others
Open Blind
Hidden Unknown
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Class Outline
1. What is Needs?
2. Hierarchy of Needs
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I. What is Needs?
1. Needs & Wants Needs:
Things people must have to live, e.g. food, clothing, and shelter.
Wants: Things people would like to have but do not need
in order to live.
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I. What is Needs?
2. How Wants Become Needs
Two ways this can happen are:
1. Through commercials or ads, and
2. Convincing yourself a want is a need.
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I. What is Needs?
2. How Wants Become Needs 2.1 Advertising Sells
Wants > Needs = Ads Ads: information > new product > new trend Frequent Ads > "Yes, I need that.“
e.g. make-up stuff, body slim promotion, … Unknown Product > Ads > Believe We Must Have
e.g. 排毒美顏寶
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I. What is Needs?
2. How Wants Become Needs 2.2 DIY: Do It Yourself
You can also do the same thing to yourself. e.g. a new CD for your favorite artist You'd feel so special having it. And you deserve it because:
you've done without so much, you work so hard, you give up so much for your kids, everyone else has it of course you should have
it and not do without. You need it.
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I. What is Needs?
3. Categories of Need Need:
either biological or social needs / absolute e.g. the need for shelter, food, human contact, etc.
socially and historically determined differ at different times, in different societies and
in different cultures e.g. TV, mobile phone
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I. What is Needs?
3. Categories of Need 3.1 Felt / Subjective / Perceived Needs
People believe they must have to achieve an acceptable level of well-being.
e.g. latest mobile phone model
3.2 Expressed Needs An indication of the degree to which needs exist
as revealed by specific factors. e.g. Queue for movie tickets, housing prices, HD/AD
programmes
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I. What is Needs?
3. Categories of Need 3.3 Normative / Objective Needs
Usually, experts or outsiders decide what standard is.
e.g. course content
3.4 Relative Needs People must have to achieve an acceptable level
of well being as compared to other e.g. subsidies in CSSA
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
Each of us is motivated by needs. Hierarchy of Needs from Abraham Maslow (1908-
1970) explains how these needs motivate us all. Hierarchy of Needs:
satisfy each need in turn starting with the first - needs for survival itself lower order needs (physical and emotional) well-being
are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs (influence and personal development)
if lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs.
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
1.1 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 1. Self-Actualization needs 2. Esteem needs 3. Belongingness and Love needs 4. Safety needs 5. Biological and Physiological needs
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization keen sense of reality - aware of real situations
- objective judgement, rather than subjective see problems in terms of challenges and
situations requiring solutions, rather than see problems as personal complaints or excuses
need for privacy and comfortable being alone reliant on own experiences and judgement -
independent - not reliant on culture and environment to form opinions and views
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization not susceptible to social pressures - non-
conformist democratic, fair and non-discriminating -
embracing and enjoying all cultures, races and individual styles
socially compassionate - possessing humanity accepting others as they are and not trying to
change people
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization comfortable with oneself - despite any
unconventional tendencies a few close intimate friends rather than many
surface relationships sense of humour directed at oneself or the
human condition, rather than at the expense of others
spontaneous and natural - true to oneself, rather than being how others want
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II. Hierarchy of Needs
1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization excited and interested in everything, even
ordinary things creative, inventive and original seek peak experiences that leave a lasting
impression
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III. Reflections
What is your “basic” needs?
How can you obtain those needs?
How far you can achieve Self-actualisation?
Johari Window and
Maslow’s Hierachy (lecture 3)