1
ClassificatioClassificationn
2
How is the music grouped in this store?
What is the advantage of grouping music this way?
3
Take the cutouts
of various
different
organisms from
the envelope and
separate them into
logical groups
based on your
knowledge of
biology and the
organisms
characteristics
4
What criteria did you use to group your organisms?
Could you break any of your groups down into sub-groups?
5
•There are There are 13 billion13 billion known known species of organismsspecies of organisms
•This is This is only 5% of allonly 5% of all organisms that ever organisms that ever lived!!!!!lived!!!!!
•New organismsNew organisms are still are still being found and identifiedbeing found and identified
Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms
6
If only 5% of organisms that ever lived are still alive, what happened to the other 95%?
Turn to your table partners and discuss what you think happened to the other 95% and why do you think it happened.
7
What is Classification?What is Classification?
ClassificationClassification is the is the arrangement of organisms arrangement of organisms into orderly into orderly groupsgroups based based on their on their similaritiessimilarities
Classification is also known Classification is also known as as taxonomytaxonomy
Taxonomists Taxonomists are scientists are scientists that identify & name that identify & name organismsorganisms
8
Benefits of ClassifyingBenefits of Classifying
•Accurately & uniformlyAccurately & uniformly names organisms names organisms
•Prevents Prevents misnomersmisnomers such such as starfish & jellyfish that as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish aren't really fish
•Uses Uses same language same language (Latin or some Greek)(Latin or some Greek) for for all names all names
Sea”horseSea”horse”??”??
9
Confusion in Using Different Confusion in Using Different Languages for NamesLanguages for Names
10
Latin Names are Understood Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomistsby all Taxonomists
11
Early TaxonomistsEarly Taxonomists
•2000 years ago, 2000 years ago, AristotleAristotle was the was the first taxonomistfirst taxonomist
•Aristotle divided Aristotle divided organisms into organisms into plants & animalsplants & animals
•He He subdividedsubdivided them by their them by their habitathabitat ---land, sea, ---land, sea, or air dwellers or air dwellers
12
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus1707 – 17781707 – 1778
•18th century taxonomist
•Classified organisms by their structure
•Developed naming system still used today
13
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
•Called the Called the “Father of “Father of Taxonomy”Taxonomy”
•Developed the modern Developed the modern system of naming system of naming known as known as binomial binomial nomenclaturenomenclature
•Two-wordTwo-word name (Genus name (Genus & species)& species)
14
We have discussed We have discussed many different many different benefits of classifying benefits of classifying organisms . . .organisms . . .
Answer the following Answer the following prompt beginning withprompt beginning with yes but . . .yes but . . .
15
16
17
Standardized Standardized NamingNaming
•Binomial Binomial nomenclature nomenclature usedused
•Genus speciesGenus species
•Latin or GreekLatin or Greek
•ItalicizedItalicized in print in print
•Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, , but NOT speciesbut NOT species
•UnderlineUnderline when when writingwriting
Turdus Turdus migratoriusmigratorius
American American RobinRobin
18
Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature
19
Write Your Name Write Your Name
using binomial nomenclatureusing binomial nomenclature
__________ ____________________ __________
•Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, but NOT , but NOT speciesspecies
•UnderlineUnderline when writing when writing
20
Classification GroupsClassification Groups
•TaxonTaxon ( ( taxataxa-plural) is a -plural) is a category into which related category into which related organisms are placedorganisms are placed
•There is a There is a hierarchyhierarchy of of groups (taxa) from broadest groups (taxa) from broadest to most specificto most specific
•Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Genus, speciesspecies
21
Hierarchy-Taxonomic Hierarchy-Taxonomic GroupsGroups
DomainKingdom
Phylum (Division – used for plants)
Class Order Family
Genus Species
BROADEST BROADEST TAXONTAXON
Most Most SpecificSpecific
22
23
KKinging
PPhilliphillip
CCameame
OOverver
FForor
GGooseberrooseberryy
SSoup!oup!
24
25
Classification of Four Species
LevelSpecies
1 2 3 4
Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda
Class Crustacea Crustacea Insecta Insecta
Order Decapoda Decapoda Diptera Diptera
Family Cancridae Cancridae Drosophilidae Nematocera
Genus Cancer Cancer Drosophila Aedes
Species magister productus melanogaster aegypti
Common Name
Dungeness Crab Red Rock Crab Fruit Fly Mosquito
What is the most specific What is the most specific level at which all 4 species level at which all 4 species
are related?are related?
26
Classification of Four Species
LevelSpecies
1 2 3 4
Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda
Class Crustacea Crustacea Insecta Insecta
Order Decapoda Decapoda Diptera Diptera
Family Cancridae Cancridae Drosophilidae Nematocera
Genus Cancer Cancer Drosophila Aedes
Species magister productus melanogaster aegypti
Common Name
Dungeness Crab Red Rock Crab Fruit Fly Mosquito
Which of the 4 organisms are Which of the 4 organisms are the most closely related?the most closely related?
27
Classification of Four Species
LevelSpecies
1 2 3 4
Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda
Class Crustacea Crustacea Insecta Insecta
Order Decapoda Decapoda Diptera Diptera
Family Cancridae Cancridae Drosophilidae Nematocera
Genus Cancer Cancer Drosophila Aedes
Species magister productus melanogaster aegypti
Common Name
Dungeness Crab Red Rock Crab Fruit Fly Mosquito
What is the most specific What is the most specific taxonomic level that the fruit taxonomic level that the fruit fly and mosquito are related?fly and mosquito are related?