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Training Center AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings
CompositionComposition ofof PaintPaint
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© 2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved. Aerospace Coati ngs | Composi tion & Pr oduction of Paint 2
Content of presentation
1. Introduction
2. Resin
3. Pigments and fillers
4. Solvents
5. Additives
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© 2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved. Aerospace Coat ings | Composit ion & Product ion of Paint 3
Definition of paint:a material used for decorating or protecting a surface in a
thin surface film, originating from a mixture consisting of a
solid pigment suspended in a liquid, that when applied to a
surface dries to form a hard coating
1. Introduction
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Reasons for painting:• Decoration and Identity
• Protection
• Special Purposes:
• Non Slip
• Abrasion Resistance• Conductive
• Camouflage
1. Introduction
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Paint formulation = Finding a balance
1. Introduction
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© 2012 AkzoNobel NV. All rights reserved. Aerospace Coati ngs | Composi tion & Pr oduction of Paint 6
2. Resin - Introduction
The resin or binder of the paint is the material that holds the
composition together and gives it most of its characteristics:
adhesion, water resistance, chemical resistance etc.
The resin is the backbone of the paint system!
Various drying mechanisms:
• Physical drying
• Chemical curing (cross-linking); conventional vs. high solid
• Drying of WB coatings; coalescence
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2. Resin - Physical drying
Wet stage Dry stage
Resin and Pigments
Solvent
Solvent
evaporates
Resin and Pigments
remain
Reversible
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2. Resin - Chemical cure
• The film formation is based on a chemical reaction.
The binders (molecules) will react (cross-link) to a
three dimensional network
• Chemical reaction depends upon temperature
• Requires mixing a basepaint with a hardener, with a
limited working time the potlife• Irreversible. Solvents cannot easily dissolve the dry
paint film again
• Epoxy - Amine paints, Polyurethane paints
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Base Polymer
Hardener moleculeReactive groups
Backbone polymer
2. Resin - Chemical cure
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Chemicalreaction
Chemical
reaction
Chemicalreaction
2. Resin - Chemical cure
3D
network
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High solid versus conventional:
Solvent
Solid content
(Binder &
pigments)
35-40%
60-65%
Conventional product High solid product
35-40%
60-65%
2. Resin - Chemical cure
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A Component
B Component
3D Cross-linked network
More reactive groups;
higher reactivity required
2. Resin - Chemical cure
Conventional product High solids product
lower viscosity, less solvent
reducing molecular weight
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2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings
• Known as dispersion, emulsion or latex paints
• Binder is not dissolved in solvents but dispersed as
small spheres in water
• Water evaporates and spheres come together
• Finally the spheres flow together (coalescence)
• Can be combined with chemical curing resins
• Waterborne products, e.g. Aerofine® and Aerowave®
Series
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1. Application
2. Evaporation water
4. Coalescence
5. Paint film
3. Phase inversion
2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings
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C onventional H igh Solids W aterborne
650 g/L350 g/L 100 g/L
220 g/L according ASTM D-3960(exempt water)
2. Resin - Drying of WB coatings
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3. Pigments; In-organic / organic
In-organic pigments:
• White pigments (titaniumdioxide,
oxide-red, etc.)
• Good hiding power, good thermal
resistance
Organic pigments:
• Hansa yellow, toluidine-red, etc.
• High colour power, good chemical
resistance
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Corrosion inhibiting pigments perform both active as passive
corrosion protection of the metal substrate
• Passive inhibition: close the surface against corrosive
influences by application of thick layer, e.g. tar.
• Active inhibition: actively slow down or inhibit corrosion,
e.g. chromate pigments.
3. Pigments; Corrosion inhibition
Water Ion (salt) Oxygen Corrosion+ + = Aluminum +
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Aerospace industry: Active corrosion inhibition
Finish
Primer
Surface treatment (e.g. CAA)
Aluminum metal microstructure
Cr6+
3. Pigments; Corrosion inhibition
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Special pigments create a visual effect on the dry paint film
• Metallic/ mica pigments
• Interference pigments
Fillers are added to the paint for e.g. good sandability of
primers, reducing dry film weight
• Talc, silica, etc
3. Pigments; Special pigments / fillers
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• Solvents are the liquid ‘carrier’ for the paint ingredients
and make the paint applicable by spraying or brushing
• Temporary function; the solvents will evaporate
• Various types: water, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic
hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters
• Reduction of organic solvent level desirable from health,safety and environmental perspective
4. Solvents; Introduction
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Evaporation rate
(Ether = 1)
Flashpoin t (oC)
Butyl acetate 13 27
Toluene 6.1 5
Xylene 13.5 26
Ethanol 8.3 12
MEK 3.3 -4
4. Solvents; Parameters
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Additives are materials added in small quantities to thepaint to ease the paint production or improve application
or dry film properties
Types of additives:
5. Additives; Introduction
• Catalysts for curing
reactions
• Dispersing agents
• Surfactant
• Foam control agents
• Flow aids
• Biocides• Hindered amine light
stabilisers (HALS)
• UV absorbers
• Adhesion promoters
• Matting agents
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• Binders or resin
• Pigments and fillers
• Solvents
• Additives
Summary
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Composition of Paint
Thank you for your attention…
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Training Center AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings
Production of PaintProduction of Paint
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To separate pigment agglomerates (as supplied) intostabilized primary pigment particles
Pigment agglomerate Primary pigment particles
Appearance in paint film
Aim
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1. Addition of pigments 2. Dispersion
3. Stabilizing with additive 4. No stabilization
Stabilized pigment
particlesNon-stabilized pigment
particles
Phase I - Pre-mix stage
Resin+solvent
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The pigment agglomerates are further broken
under high shear by means of hard, abrasion
resistant milling beads
Phase I - Milling stage
Primary pigment
particles
Pigment
agglomerate
Agitated milling beads
creating high shear forces
topcoat
primer
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M i l l i n g s t a g e
P r e - m i x s t a g e
Phase I - Production dispersion
High
Speed
Disperser
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Pigment dispersion
Resin
Additives
Solvent
The Primer- or topcoat dispersion (highly concentrated, high viscosity) is
let down to a finished product with a lower viscosity
Phase II - Let down to standard color
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Product line; different standard colors (tinters)
Customer colour
Colour making process
Phase III - Colour making
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• Each batch of wet paint is tested (Quality Control) by AkzoNobel Aerospace Coatings on several properties:
• Fineness, density, solid content, viscosity, drying times, etc.
• Dry film properties according to customers specification:
• Adhesion (initial, 14 days water immersion), flexibility
• Scratch resistance (initial, after 14 days immersion in wateror hydraulic fluid)
• Etc.
The final stage in the paint production process is Filling:
• The product is filtered before filling• Cans or barrels are filled and labelled (batch number)
• Product is stored in the distribution centre
Quality control & Filling
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Factory Tour
Safety Rules:
No smoking
No electronic devices
Leave mobile phones, camera’s etc in meeting room
Meeting room will be locked Wear safety glasses where required
Wear orange jacket for visibility
Stay together and stay with your guide
Do not touch equipment or open tanks
Keep your distance from tanks and machinery
Watch out for forklifts, they have right of way / priority