Download - 006a NCWRM 2011 Fixler_Israel
STATE OF ISRAEL
1
Trends in the Development of
the Water Sector in Israel
Trends in the Development of Trends in the Development of
the Water Sector in Israelthe Water Sector in Israel
Regional Conference on Advancing Non-Conventional Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean
Athens 14-15.9.2011
Oded Fixler Oded Fixler –– Deputy Director General (Engineering)Deputy Director General (Engineering)
Israel Water AuthorityIsrael Water Authority
STATE OF ISRAEL
CCHALLENGESHALLENGES
STATE OF ISRAEL
In the Middle East it is a In the Middle East it is a
well known reality!well known reality!
Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2025Water Availability: 2025Sub-national Water Availability: 2003
©2005 Cola-Cola Company. All rights Reserved
Extreme Scarcity
<500
Scarcity
500-1,000
Stress
1,000-1,700
Adequate
1,700-4,000
Abundant
4,000-10,000
Surplus
>10,000
Ocean/
Inland Water
No Data
m3/person/year
STATE OF ISRAEL
5
The Water CrisisThe Water Crisis
STATE OF ISRAEL
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The Water CrisisThe Water Crisis
STATE OF ISRAEL
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Recharge from RainfallRecharge from Rainfall
along years: 1975along years: 1975--2011 2011 MCM
AVERGE: 1,336 MCM , MEDIAN: 1202, STD: 456 MCM
Min. : 710 MCM Max. : 2,929 MCM
MEDIAN
1,202 MCM
8
Amounts of precipitation relativeAmounts of precipitation relative
to average (from 09/2010 to 05/2011)to average (from 09/2010 to 05/2011)
Amount above average
Amount lower than average
100%100%
105%105%100%100%
75%75%
80%80%
80%80%
75%75%80%80%
65%65%
STATE OF ISRAEL
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Israel goes "fromIsrael goes "from RedRed toto BlackBlack""
Upper red level: -208.80
Lower red level: -213.00October 4th 2010 : -213.70
Black line: -214.87
The rate of water depletion from the Kinneret and
underground water reservoirs is alarming :
Red line = below this water level damage to the water source
Black line = below this water level irreparable damage
STATE OF ISRAEL
10
Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee) Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee)
Water level 2004 Water level 2004 –– 20112011
-215.50
-215.00
-214.50
-214.00
-213.50
-213.00
-212.50
-212.00
-211.50
-211.00
-210.50
-210.00
-209.50
-209.00
-208.50
-208.00
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ס לפ
מ)
רט
מ(
שנה
- 214.87
01.10.11- 213.65
Lake W
ate
r le
vel (m
)
Year
STATE OF ISRAEL
11
Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee) Lake Kinneret (See of Galilee)
Monthly Water level in the last four years Monthly Water level in the last four years
Black level
Lake W
ate
r le
vel
(m)
Month
STATE OF ISRAEL
12
Average total natural enrichment – 1.170 billion m3/annum
Water demand – more than 2 billion m3/annum
Current potable water demand < 1.2 billion m3/annum
Forecast for water demand 2020 ~ 1.7 billion m3/annum
WATER WATER
RESOURCESRESOURCESWATER WATER
DEMANDDEMAND
13
Water balance Water balance –– 20102010--2014 2014 (MCM)(MCM)
STATE OF ISRAEL
14
םיילוש
588.5מלמ "ק
תואלקח
1,126.6מלמ "ק
)58%(
היישעת
113.8מלמ"ק
)6%(
תיב
737.4מלמ "ק
)38%(
םיריפש
519.3מלמ "ק
AgricultureAgriculture
1,170 MCM1,170 MCM
6060 % %
IndustryIndustry
88 MCM88 MCM
4.54.5 % %
DomesticDomestic
693 MCM693 MCM
35.535.5 % %
PotablePotable
557 MCM557 MCM
RecyclingRecycling
613 MCM613 MCM
Water Consumption in Israel Water Consumption in Israel According to sectorsAccording to sectors
Estimated data for 2011Estimated data for 2011
Supply to PA – 52 MCM; Supply to Jordan – 48 MCM
Total: 1,966 MCM
(including 15 MCM for Nature)
STATE OF ISRAEL
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Domestic Water ConsumptionDomestic Water ConsumptionPer capita / annumPer capita / annum
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
ק"מ
למ
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
m^
3/p
ers
on
/year
תיבל הכירצ 621 672 682 662 658 688 698 712 715 737 768 758 684 685 693
ב הכירצ יוניש% 8 2 -3 -1 5 1 2 0 3 4 -1 -10 0 1
שפנל הכירצ 105 111 110 104 101 104 103 104 102 104 106 103 91 90 89
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010
אל
יפוס
הכרעה
2011
Domestic Con.
Change
Per Capita
2010Not
final
2011
Estim.
MC
M
95
90
85
M3/p
er
cap
ita/y
ea
r
STATE OF ISRAEL
ssOLUTIONSOLUTIONS
STATE OF ISRAEL
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DecisionsDecisions
In order to prevent irreversible damage to the water
Sources, the Government of Israel made several
decisions for the short and long term :
Water demand restraint :Water demand restraint :
� Comprehensive nation-wide media campaign calling
citizens to save water, entitled “From Red to Black” and
“Israel is drying”.
� Supervision & enforcement
� Graded water tariffs
� Water allocation and cutbacks for agricultural sector
and public gardening
STATE OF ISRAEL
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DecisionsDecisions
Water supply increaseWater supply increase ::
� Drilling (including water sources monitoring);
� Treatment of underground polluted water sources;
� Development of new water sources :
desalinated seawater, desalinated brackish water,
treatment of wastewater.
STATE OF ISRAEL
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Main Water Supply SystemMain Water Supply System
National carrier - length section
Jerusalem
Haifa
Tel Aviv
Sea of Galilee
Sea of Galilee
Eshkol reservoir
108”
National carrier
108”
(Kinneret)
Eshkol reservoir
Saphir station
STATE OF ISRAEL
20
127
(100)
Hadera
Palmachim
Ashdod
Ashkelon
Mekorot Develop.
Production ~2013
Full production
Since 12/05
Production 12/09
Sorek
(150)Full production
Since 9/07
Under
Construction ~2013
120
45
Sea Water DesalinationSea Water Desalination
Completed facilitiesCompleted facilitiesAshkelon Ashkelon --BOT 105 MCM/Y (VID) + 15 exp.BOT 105 MCM/Y (VID) + 15 exp.Palmachim Palmachim --BOO 30 MCM/Y (Via Maris) + 15 exp.BOO 30 MCM/Y (Via Maris) + 15 exp.HaderaHadera-- BOT 100 MCM/Y (HBOT 100 MCM/Y (H22ID) + 27 exp.ID) + 27 exp.
BiddingBiddingAshdod Ashdod –– 100 MCM/Y (TK Mekorot)100 MCM/Y (TK Mekorot)
In accordance with the Government decisions since 2001
large scale seawater desalination facilities are being built:
Overall until 2013 = 600 MCM/YUntil 2020 = 750 MCM/Y
Under ConstructionUnder ConstructionSorek Sorek –– 150 MCM/Y (SDL)150 MCM/Y (SDL)
Another 50 MCM facility in planningAnother 50 MCM facility in planning
Enlargement of production from the existing Enlargement of production from the existing plants (60plants (60--100 MCM/Y) 100 MCM/Y) –– in bidding process.in bidding process.
STATE OF ISRAEL
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Ashkelon SWROAshkelon SWRO
22
PalmachimPalmachim SWROSWRO
23
Hadera SWROHadera SWRO
STATE OF ISRAEL
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SWRO CostsSWRO Costs
SorekSorekSorekSorekSorekSorekSorekSorekHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaHaderaPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimPalmachimAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelonAshkelon
1501501501501501501501501271271271271271271271274545454545454545120120120120120120120120MCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/YearMCM/Year
202020202020202020202020202020203030303030303030--------40404040404040402020202020202020Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity Salinity -------- PPMPPMPPMPPMPPMPPMPPMPPM
0.540.540.540.540.540.540.540.540.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.7350.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.8780.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.81Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost Total cost –––––––– $$$$$$$$(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)(1 $ = 3.7 Shekel)
STATE OF ISRAELExceptional Cost Efficiency of Exceptional Cost Efficiency of
IsraelIsrael’’s Desalination Facilitiess Desalination Facilities
26
SWRO facilities connection SWRO facilities connection --
Revolution in the National System operation Revolution in the National System operation
The 5th Line to Jerusalem
Cule
Neora
Sorek
Hafetz Haim
Ashdod
Western
Line
Barkai
Horashim
Hadera
Western
Line
Ashkelon
27
STATE OF ISRAEL
28
Reuse of All Reuse of All
Sewage EffluentsSewage Effluents� Reuse of 500 MCM/Y in 2014 (370 today).
� Sewage effluents for Agriculture – 50% of allocations in 2014.
� Tertiary treatment – unrestricted irrigation. New stringent standards
for effluents quality (37 parameters).
� Nutrients and Salt Removal.
� Methods of agricultural cultivation in Israel are constantly modernized
and innovated.
� Israel became an international leader in developing water saving
technology in agriculture.
STATE OF ISRAEL
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של חברת מקורות בישראל
ה ג ל י
ל
מליון קו ב 7
בר כת ר ם בניאס
מאגר
יוס יפון כפר ג לעדי
קרית שמונה
לן גו
הת
מר
מאגר עינן
תחנת
מאגר עינןמאגר דלתון
מיליון קו ב 2.5
ראש
פינה
צפת
נהריה
תחנת
ספיר
מאגר דמון
תחנת כור סי
ם ע
רפ
שו כע
קרי ות כרמיאל
בר כות שפרעם תחנת צלמון
טברי ה גולני
נצרת 140+
לן גו
הת
מר
מאגר אשכ ול
חי פ ה
ת ר
נ כ
עפולה
תחנת האון
מיצר
מים ל ירדן
ב ית זרע ' ברסכר דגניה
תחנת
דגניה
אןש
ת בי
ידעיה ' ברשמשית ' תח
הרי אפרים
הש
מנת
הרמנ
מאגר תשלובת
ק" מלמ12הקישון
אורן חדרה כפר ב רו ר
מחול ה
תחנת חוף ה כרמל
על ת המים הפתוחה ת
האחז יות
שומרו ן שומרו ן
קול חי
נתני
ה
תחנת ראש
העין
תחנ
ת
נוה
ירק
האחז ויות שומרו ן
מחנה חו רו ן
צומת תפוח
שיל ה
אריאלבק
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הי
רדן
מעלה
אפרי
ם
ת ל אביב
יפ ו
תחנת
ויסות
T.T.A
צ"ראשל
מפעל
ן"השפד
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תחנת
טל ' תח
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אחיס
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' תח
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מאגר
איילון
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פדיה
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' תח
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' תח
גבעו
ת
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70
םבי
שמו
ם מי
בית
לח ם
קלי ה
מצפה
של ם
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ארבע
חב רון
אשקל ון
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ם
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מאגר
נהורה
בר
ספיח
' בר
אחוזי ם
אמציה
גל און
' בר
מחצבה
צומת זוהר נגה ' בר
שמחה ' תח
' ברמאגר מפסח
תקומה
' ב' א
באר שבע
דימונה
ירו חם
ה נ ג ב
לוציפר ' ותח' בר
שו קת' בר
תפוח
' ותח' בר
יעלים
ערד
' בר
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חמי
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מי שתיה
למלונות ים
' תחהמלח
נבטים
מאגר ל ב
הנגב בר
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' תח
אברה ם
' בר
מבטחים ' בר
צאלים
מאגר
צאלים
באר ' בר
שבע
ניצנה ' קד
) מליח ים (
למי ם ' קד
מליחי ם
' תח
חלוצ ה
' ותח' בר
רבי בי ם
משאב
י שדה
' תח
סדום
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' קד
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קטן למי ם
מליחי ם
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הכי כר
' בר
שבט ה בו קר שדה
שד ה ' בר
בוק ר
אורו ן ' ברעידן
עין יה ב
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מצפה
רמון
הר ח ריף
פארן
פארן ' קד ' תח' בר
פארן' בר
ציחור
' בר
סיי רי ם
צוקי ' בר
עובדה
יטבתה
' תח
נחושתן
סב חה
מתקן
התפלת מים
מליחי ם
לאילת
ם מי
ם חי
לימ
ה ברע
גרופית
קטור ה
מפעל נחלי מנשה לתפיסת מי
שטפונות
והחדרת ם למי
תהום
אלמוג ' תח
' ותח' בר
גרנות
באר
אורה
מערכת המים מערכת המים הא רצ י ת הא רצ י ת
מפת מ פעלי המ ים
מקרא
המוביל הארצי
קו מים
-מים להשקייה לשתיה
מים מליחיםקולחין
ישובים
מאגר מים שפירים
בריכות מים שפירים
תחנת שאיבה מים
תחנת מים מושביםשפירים
מאגר מים מושבים
בריכות מים מושבים
מתקן התפלה
קדוחי מים מליחיםאי ל ת
חי ר מז
ן קו
ר י קו
ל בי
מוה
צי רא
ה
נתניה
' בר
שיזפו ן יהל
' ותח' בר
שיטה
מפעל זמר
' תח
מאגר
נשר
Reuse of all sewage effluents in Dan Region (Greater Tel Aviv)
Wastewater Treatment plant (Shafdan) and the pipeline to Negev
Sewage from the Greater Tel Aviv area – 125 MCM/Y (2010)
Large-scale WWTP – secondary treatment quality
Six infiltration fields
Over 150 production and monitoring wells (quality permitted for
“occasional drinking)
90km pipeline to Negev
32 pumping stations, operational storages (0.51MCM) and
seasonal storages (17.2 MCM)
National
Water
Greed
STATE OF ISRAEL
30
Infiltration site Sorek 2
Infiltration site Yavne 4
Azrikam
Training areas, Givati
and Beit Ezra
Mifal Halatz
Gat east
plant
Nir Hen area
and Zohar
Lachish plant
Kibbutz
Ruhama
Tekuma plant
Pithat Shalom plant
Ashkelon
Ashdod
Beer Sheba
Dvir
Lahav
Zephat waste
water utilization
Carmiel waste water utilization
Western extension
Kefar Tabor
area
Taanach
orchards
Kefar Baruch reservoir
Hadera waste water
Ayalon-Latrun
waste water utilization
Safria orchards area
Nesher reservoir
waste water utilization
Hefetz Haim plant
Zohar lake
Main conduit for waste water
Geulat Hayarkon plant
Tel Aviv
Ashdod
Ashkelon
Hadera
Afula
Acre
Adulam areaAshdod waste water – south extension
Kishon concern
WastewaterWastewater
Treatment PlantsTreatment Plants
Dan WastewaterDan Wastewater
Treatment FacilityTreatment Facility
(SAT)(SAT)
Reuse of All Reuse of All
Sewage EffluentsSewage Effluents
STATE OF ISRAEL
31
AgricultureAgriculture
Water for agriculture – 1,150 MCM/Y
450-530 MCM/Y – constant quota (potable water)
Water Authority development plans:
• Irrigation with recycled effluents in exchange of potable water quota release;
• Building of irrigation water recycling facilities as a stable water supply
source (replacing potable water quotas which are exposed to frequent
cutbacks);
• Reform in water tariffs for agriculture and graduate replacement of
subsidy through water tariff towards direct subsidy to farmers;
• “Network separation”: high quality potable water at appropriate tariff;
• Brackish water suitable for irrigation at low tariff.
STATE OF ISRAEL
Water Saving in AgricultureWater Saving in Agriculture
2.02
1.000.98
1.15
1.381.43
1.31
1.47 1.56
1.661.64
1.551.59
1.911.98
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source: Israel Farmer’s Federation
Production per Water Unit
STATE OF ISRAEL
33
Irrigation facilities Irrigation facilities –– reuse of effluentsreuse of effluents
Maayan ZviMaayan Zvi
Hof CarmelHof Carmel
NitzanimNitzanim
““MeiMei”” GolanGolan
NitzanimNitzanim
STATE OF ISRAEL
34
DrillingsDrillings
STATE OF ISRAEL
35
Brackish Water DesalinationBrackish Water Desalination
AtlitAtlit
Maagan Maagan
MichaelMichael
Emek Emek
HarodHarod
Neve Neve
YamYam
Naaman Naaman
KordaniKordani
Mate Mate
AsherAsher
גרנות גרנות
ShizafonShizafon
Neve Neve
ZoharZohar
KetziotKetziot
LahatLahat GatGat
Rotem planeRotem plane
HalatzHalatzNegbaNegba
Brackish water desalination facilities Brackish water desalination facilities –– 50 MCM/Y50 MCM/Y
GranotGranot
• Private sector
• Mekorot Co.
STATE OF ISRAEL
36
BWRO BWRO -- Mekorot Co.Mekorot Co.
KtziotKtziot
GranotGranot
Neve ZoharNeve Zohar
STATE OF ISRAEL
37
Water Sector developmentWater Sector development
Development programs based on long term Master
plan taking into consideration the population growth
rate and its distribution and the rate of growth in
consumption:
• Increased living standards
• Water for nature utilization
• Agricultural distribution and water consumption
• Political arrangements
STATE OF ISRAEL
Water is a matter of Water is a matter of
deedsdeeds, ,
not not wordswords!!
STATE OF ISRAEL
39
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005* 2006 2007 2008 2009
1 Jenin 2 2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.2 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.7 -0.4
2Nablus &
Salfit1.9 1.6 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.7 6.6 3.1
3Hebron &
Bethlehem11.7 1 12.7 13.9 14.7 14.8 15.1 14.9 15.2 16.2 15.8 19.7 19.8 19.7 20.9 8.2
4 Ramalah 7.2 0.5 7.7 8.9 10.5 11.6 12.2 12.8 13.6 14.4 13.9 14.4 15.2 17.0 16.2 8.5
5Jordan
Valley5.07 0 5.07 4.7 5.9 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.7 6.9 6.1 1.1
6 Total 27.9 3.1 31.0 32.9 37.2 37.3 38.6 39.1 40.1 43.6 42.8 46.4 48.9 51.8 51.5 20.5
Notes:
Actual Quantity Supplied to the Palestinian Authority in the West BankTotal
Obligat
ion
1. Gaza Strip – Israel has undertaken to supply 5 MCM/yr from the Israeli system, a quantity that will originate from desalination in Israel. For this
purpose Israel has laid a water supply line extending up to the border with the Gaza Strip, although works on the Palestinian side have not been
completed. At present Israel supplies 5 MCM/yr, as per the previous commitment.
In addition, Israel has handed over to the Palestinians (in the framework of disengagement) 25 water wells and an advanced water supply
system.
Regionsn.
accord
ing to
the
agree
ment +
1995
basis
for
incre-
ment
2. Jenin – Israel's obligation was to drill an additional well supplying 1.4 MCM/yr. The well, Jenin 4, is indeed yielding the above quantity and is
being operated by the Palestinians. It is therefore not presented in the table.
* In 2005, in the framework of disengagement from Gaza, Israel handed over to the Palestinians the three Dotan wells, producing about 2
MCM/yr. As of that year, this quantity of water is not taken into account in the framework of supply by Mekorot.
Supplied
in 2009, in
addition to
Israeli
obligation
Water Supply by Israel Water Supply by Israel
to the Palestinian Authorityto the Palestinian Authority
Obligation vs. Implementation (MCM)Obligation vs. Implementation (MCM)
STATE OF ISRAEL
40
Total Quantity of Fresh Water per Capita
on Multiannual Average
in Countries Bordering Israel
949
861
732
172153
1050
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000m
3Lebanon
Syria
IsraelJordan
Palestinians
Egypt
CM
STATE OF ISRAELSharing Israeli Experience & KnowledgeSharing Israeli Experience & Knowledge
Capacity Building – Professional Courses on Desalination and Water
Reclamation for Jordanian and Palestinian water managers
STATE OF ISRAEL
In fact, Israel supplies 51.8MCM/Year directly to the PWA
in the West Bank which is
20.8 MCM/year more than the
commitment
The total Israeli commitment to supply water directly to the
PWA in the West Bank stands at 31 MCM/year (3.1
additional water supplied under the agreement + 27.9 supplied at the time of signing the agreement).
approx. half of the approved
wells were not yet drilled or
operated by the Palestinian side
Israel authorized the drilling of 70wells with an estimated extraction
capacity of more than 50 MCM/year
An additional 17 MCM/year from new wells to be drilled by
Palestinians in the eastern aquifer and other agreed sources.7b2
The well has been drilledIsrael authorized the drillingAn additional 2.1 MCM/year to the Nablus area (new well)7b1
Israel installed the pipeline up
to the Gaza Strip borderAn additional 5 MCM/year to the Gaza Strip7a6
Israel drilled “Jenin 2” (1.4MCM/year) for Palestinian
operation
An additional 1.4 MCM/year to the Jenin area7a5
An addition of 4.8 MCM/year
was providedAn additional 1.6 MCM/year to the Salfit and Nablus area7a3,4
An addition of 9.8 MCM/year
was providedAn additional 0.5 MCM/year to the Ramallah area7a2
An addition of 8 MCM/year was
provided
An additional 1 MCM/year to the Hebron and Bethlehem
area.7a1
by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle
40Clause
Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment
In fact, Israel supplies 51.8MCM/Year directly to the PWA
in the West Bank which is
20.8 MCM/year more than the
commitment
The total Israeli commitment to supply water directly to the
PWA in the West Bank stands at 31 MCM/year (3.1
additional water supplied under the agreement + 27.9 supplied at the time of signing the agreement).
approx. half of the approved
wells were not yet drilled or
operated by the Palestinian side
Israel authorized the drilling of 70wells with an estimated extraction
capacity of more than 50 MCM/year
An additional 17 MCM/year from new wells to be drilled by
Palestinians in the eastern aquifer and other agreed sources.7b2
The well has been drilledIsrael authorized the drillingAn additional 2.1 MCM/year to the Nablus area (new well)7b1
Israel installed the pipeline up
to the Gaza Strip borderAn additional 5 MCM/year to the Gaza Strip7a6
Israel drilled “Jenin 2” (1.4MCM/year) for Palestinian
operation
An additional 1.4 MCM/year to the Jenin area7a5
An addition of 4.8 MCM/year
was providedAn additional 1.6 MCM/year to the Salfit and Nablus area7a3,4
An addition of 9.8 MCM/year
was providedAn additional 0.5 MCM/year to the Ramallah area7a2
An addition of 8 MCM/year was
provided
An additional 1 MCM/year to the Hebron and Bethlehem
area.7a1
by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle
40Clause
Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment
Water Agreement – Obligation vs. Implementation
(Major Commitments)
STATE OF ISRAEL
Additional amount of water made available for the Palestinians:
23.9 MCM/year supplied directly by Israel (20.8+3.1)
3.5 MCM/year by authorized wells- Jenin, Nablus
50 MCM/year estimated yield of 70 authorized wells
Total: 77.4 MCM/year
It was agreed that a quantity of 28.6 MCM/year shall be added
to the Palestinians for the interim period
(In addition to the 118 MCM/year which was consumed by the
Palestinians at the signing of the agreement).
6-7
Most of the Palestinian
sewage is not treated.
Out of 52 MCM of
Palestinian sewage - 4 MCM
is treated in the West Bank,
14 MCM is treated in Israel
and 34 MCM is not treated
at all and therefore polluting
the environment.
Most of the sewage from
Israeli settlements is treated at
least at the secondary level
and Israel is working to
upgrade and expand the
systems
Prevention of pollution by wastewater
“Treating, reusing or properly disposing of all
domestic, urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage”
3(f.)
There are more than 250Palestinian illegal drillings
mainly in the Northern West
Bank
No illegal drillingsPrevention of illegal drillingsSched.
8
1(b)
by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle
40
Clause
Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment
Additional amount of water made available for the Palestinians:
23.9 MCM/year supplied directly by Israel (20.8+3.1)
3.5 MCM/year by authorized wells- Jenin, Nablus
50 MCM/year estimated yield of 70 authorized wells
Total: 77.4 MCM/year
It was agreed that a quantity of 28.6 MCM/year shall be added
to the Palestinians for the interim period
(In addition to the 118 MCM/year which was consumed by the
Palestinians at the signing of the agreement).
6-7
Most of the Palestinian
sewage is not treated.
Out of 52 MCM of
Palestinian sewage - 4 MCM
is treated in the West Bank,
14 MCM is treated in Israel
and 34 MCM is not treated
at all and therefore polluting
the environment.
Most of the sewage from
Israeli settlements is treated at
least at the secondary level
and Israel is working to
upgrade and expand the
systems
Prevention of pollution by wastewater
“Treating, reusing or properly disposing of all
domestic, urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage”
3(f.)
There are more than 250Palestinian illegal drillings
mainly in the Northern West
Bank
No illegal drillingsPrevention of illegal drillingsSched.
8
1(b)
by Palestiniansby IsraelNature of CommitmentArticle
40
Clause
Status of Implementation (2008)Commitment
STATE OF ISRAEL
Wells Approved by the JWC for Drilling by the Palestinians since the Agreement
Drinking Water (59 Wells)
Agriculture (11 Wells)
Observation (22 Wells)
Purpose of Wells
STATE OF ISRAEL
Unauthorized Wells
About 146 of the total 250
unapproved wells are shown. The
existence of the others is known,
but they are not indicated since
their exact coordinates are
missing.
STATE OF ISRAEL
RResolving problems in the spirit of cooperation and good esolving problems in the spirit of cooperation and good
neighboring, and not hiding failures in pointless accusations.neighboring, and not hiding failures in pointless accusations.
HHonoring bilateral agreements and donors efforts and finance for onoring bilateral agreements and donors efforts and finance for
stabilizing the water sector.stabilizing the water sector.
IImplementing the vital water and wastewater treatment projects mplementing the vital water and wastewater treatment projects
and enforce uncompromisingly illegal acts.and enforce uncompromisingly illegal acts.
SStrengthening technical cooperation.trengthening technical cooperation.
AActing towards clean environment: sewage treatment and effluents cting towards clean environment: sewage treatment and effluents
reuse.reuse.
TTaking actions for building administrative and economic structureaking actions for building administrative and economic structures s
to prevent funds lose and water spend. to prevent funds lose and water spend.
Paving the path to Paving the path to
regional solutions regional solutions
STATE OF ISRAEL
Waterfront is a platform Waterfront is a platform
for for cooperationcooperation, ,
not not confrontationconfrontation!!
STATE OF ISRAEL
THANK YOU
49
The Extent of Water ShortageThe Extent of Water Shortage
50
Volumes of KinneretVolumes of Kinneret’’s available water/years available water/year
MC
M
2009-2010
2008-2009
2007-2008
1993-2010 Average
1993-2010 Median
2006-2007
MC
M
STATE OF ISRAEL
51
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
הנש
ק"מ
למ
תואלקח
ינוריע
היישעת
ףונו עבט
הס" לארשי כ) םיריפשםילפתומו םייעבט(
הס" לארשי כ)םיריפש,ןיחלוקו םיחילמ(
הס" לארשי םיריפש כ+םיאניטסלפו םינדרי
Year
MC
M
Agriculture
City
Industry
Nature
Israel – potable, brackish
and desalinated
Israel – potable, brackish
and waste
Israel – potable + neighbors
Demand in present decadeDemand in present decade
52
The Mountain Aquifer The Mountain Aquifer
Israel and Israel and Palestinian AuthorityPalestinian Authority
STATE OF ISRAEL
53
The Water Crisis The Water Crisis
The Water crisis has reached a peak
today because of global changes in
climate – in Israel like in Australia,
California, Spain, etc.
STATE OF ISRAEL
54
The Water Crisis in Israel The Water Crisis in Israel
�2008-2009 natural enrichment – 820 MCM versus
average natural enrichment – 1,170 MCM/Y
According to our projections in the next 5 years it will
be not probable to reach a level above the “red lines”
for all Israel's water reservoirs
Lake KinneretLake Kinneret
STATE OF ISRAEL
55
56
SWRO Process DiagramSWRO Process Diagram
57
The MembraneThe Membrane