What were Mussolini’s main goals for Italy?
What were his weaknesses?
Bell Ringer
A New Era in the Soviet Union
17-2
In 1922 Lenin and the communists formally created a new state called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
In 1924 Lenin died and a power struggle began within the Russian Politburo.
One group was led by Leon Trotsky, while another group was headed by Joseph Stalin.
By 1929 Stalin had eliminated his rivals in the Politburo.
Trotsky left Russia for Mexico in 1929, he was murdered in 1940.
The Soviet Union
Suffered numerous strokes
No clear successor -Trotsky vs. Stalin
Lenin advised against Stalin
Lenin dies in 1924
Petrograd renamed Leningrad
Lenin’s Death
Lenin’s Body on Permanent Display
Most popular Bolshevik
Stalin still managed to cut out of the party
Exiled to Kazakhstan in 1928
Expelled from Soviet Union in 1929
Assassinated in Mexico in 1940
The Fall of Trotsky
Stalin Becomes Dictator
• Stalin’s plan for rapid Russian industrialization• Took private farms and placed them under government
control collectivization.• Emphasized maximum production of capital goods
• Goods devoted to the production of other goods such as heavy machines
Five Year Plans
Soviet Union under Stalin
The plan quadrupled the production of
heavy machinery and doubled oil production
Steel production in Russia increased from 4 million to 8 million
Results of the Five Year Plans
Result: millions of workers and their families lived in pitiful conditions
Strict laws limited where workers could move
Workers increased by millions between 1932 and 1940
The total investment in housing actually declined in 1929
Little provisions made for enormous expanding working class in cities
The Social and Political Costs of the Five Year Plans
Great Purge of 1930’s• any opposition to Stalin was sent to labor camps in Siberia or
executed.• Including all the old prominent Bolsheviks• Estimated 8 million imprisoned or executed by the late 1930’s
The Great Purge
The Stalin Era overturned most of the permissive social legislation that was passed in the early 1920’s
Stalin viewed families as a small collective in which parents were to teach discipline, hard work, and a sense of duty to their children
Divorced fathers who did not support their children were heavily fined
The Cost of Stalin’s Programs
Democracy failed to survive in Spain.
Spanish military forces under Francisco Franco revolted against the democratic gov’t in 1936.
Foreign intervention complicated the war.
Germany and Italy supported Franco.
The Soviet Union sent troops and advisors to aid the republican gov’t.
Spanish Civil War
Germany used the Spanish Civil War to test new weapons and break in their newly formed air force.
In 1939 Franco’s forces captured Madrid
Read pages 543-545 and answer the following questions:1. Describe Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP).2. Define Politburo3. What was Stalin’s goal for the USSR?4. What were the Five Year Plans?5. Describe the Great Purge of the 1930’s.6. Define collectivities.7. List the countries who participated in the
Spanish Civil War.
Assignment