This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
風力發電機製作及
相關物理計算MAKING OF WIND TURBINEAND RELATED CALCULATION
香港理工大學應用物理學系學生
翟振亨HKPU
Applied Physics StudentChka Chun Hang
This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
目錄
引言理論發電機的設計製作過程相關計算演示
This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Where do winds come from?風從哪裡來 ?
Because of the temperature differences(溫差 ) around the world
Surface Wind
Convection updraft of rising warm Air
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What is wind turbine(風力發電機 )?
Wind’s kinetic energy(動能 )
-> electrical energy( 電能 )
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Theory理論
By Lenz’s Law (冷次定律 ) Induced current(感生電流 ) opposes ( 對抗 ) the change of the magnetic force
Heinrich Lenz 海因里希 ·冷次
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Theory理論
This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Theory理論
This work by Chak Chun Hang of the Department Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.en_HK
Induced emf-感生電壓
Where ,N is the number of turn of coil,B is the magnetic field strength
( 磁場強度 )A is the area(面積 ) of the coil
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Design-設計
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Design-設計 (3D View)
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Brace 支架
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Axle 軸
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Turbine 渦輪
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Rotor 轉片
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Coil 電線圈
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Supporting Base支撐底部
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Design-設計 (3D View)
Magnet 磁鐵
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Material-物料
Screw(螺絲 ) x 8 Bearing(滾珠軸承 )x 2Wooden borad(5”x10”) Wooden board(2”x10”)
Copper wire(漆皮銅線 ) Chopstick(筷子 ) x 3Water bottle(水樽 ) Magnet (磁石 )x
4LED 燈 x 1 CD case x 1
)
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Making Process-製作過程
1. Preparing the material
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Making Process-製作過程
2.making the frame(骨架 ) and base
1 2 3
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Making Process-製作過程
Finished product
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Making Process-製作過程
3. Assembly(集合 ) the CD case and the base
1
2
3
4
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Making Process-製作過程
4. making the coil by the copper wire
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Making Process-製作過程
5. assembly to the CD case
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Making Process-製作過程
5. assembly to the CD case
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Making Process-製作過程
6. making the rotor(轉片 )
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Making Process-製作過程
6. making the rotor (轉片 )
1
32
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Making Process-製作過程
7. making the turbine(渦輪 )1
2 4
3
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Making Process-製作過程
7. making the turbine (渦輪 )
5
6
7
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Making Process-製作過程
8. assembly all the component(部件 )
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Final Product-製成品
Finish!!
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Calculation相關計算
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Power(功率 ) of Wind turbine
kinetic energy of a mass in motions is:
The power in the wind is given by the rate of change of energy:
As mass flow rate is given by:
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Power (功率 ) of Wind turbine
Also, the rate of change of distance is given by:
we get:
Hence, the power can be defined as:
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Power (功率 ) of Wind turbine
Power coefficient(功率系數 ),
Cpmax = 0.59
Therefore, the extractable power:
Picture captured from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Betz,_Albert
German physicist Albert Betz
No wind turbine can convert(轉換 ) more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy turning a rotor.
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Power (功率 ) of Wind turbine
For this turbine,
假設 ,Power Coefficient(功率系數 ), Cp = 0.5Air density(密度 ), ρ = 1.23 kg/m3
Area of blades(扇葉 ), A= 0.04*0.2 = 0.008 m2
Wind speed(風速 ), v = 20km/h = 5.56 m/sec所以 , P = ½*0.5*1.23*0.008*5.563
= 0.423 W
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Induced voltage-感生電壓
Since,
Thus,
種類 數值N ( 線圈圈數 ) 200
B ( 磁場強度 ) 0.5T
r ( 線圈半徑 ) 0.015m
И ( 線圈數目 ) 4
Δt (週期時間 ) 0.2s
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Induced voltage-感生電壓
Normally, an AA battery(電池 ) is having 1.5V
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Applications(應用 )
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Factor (影響因素 )
Factor(影響因素 ) of output voltage:Wind speed(風速 )Strength of magnet(磁石強度 )
*The number of turns of coil, N(線圈圈數 )*Internal resistance of wire, r(電線內阻 )Since因為 N ->r ,Iout
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延伸探究
內阻同圈數對於輸出電流的連帶關係
計算輸出功率
計算效率
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Demonstration-演示
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