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Canadian Energy Events Energy – the capacity to do work
Measured in joules or watt-hours
Factors in Energy UseDemographic and Geographic factors
Canada’s pop. small and spread over great distances Transportation expensive & inter-prov. tariffs imposed
Economic factors Price elasticity- if consumers use less energy, price incr. Good economic sense, but also good ecological sense
Technological factors Price inflation 1970s forced energy-efficiency homes, ICI, car
Lifestyles and Choice as factors huge energy appet.
Oil and Energy 85% or world’s energy comes from non-renewable fossil fuels The Golden Age of oil has peaked and is already past
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The Energy Sector Resource regions –
Hydroelectric power
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Canadian Energy Policy Since the 1970s: Key Events 1973 Oil Crisis – OPEC
Before OPEC (1960), “western” cos. retained 65%+ revenue 1973 “west” suffers inflation, vulnerable to cartels, supports Israel
1973-74 Oil Embargo Crude rises $3 to $11.65 in 1 yr. Severe recession hits
west
National Energy Program – 1980 Gain self-sufficiency, incr. Cdn. Ownership & share, foster dev’t.
Creation Petro-Canada Fed’s 70% share investment in energy dev’t (19% 2002, 0% 2005)
Deregulation – 1980s Reganism freeing up market economy- less govt. & less regs.
Kyoto Protocol – 1997 (ratified 2004) Canada must decrease GHG emissions 5.2% by 1208-2012
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Canada’s increasing dependency on oil (demand fn.)
both
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Resource Regions and Regional Distribution of Oil
Regional dependencies on oil in AB, SK and Atlantic Canada
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World Distribution of Oil and Canada’s Share
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Oil Firms Tighten U.K. Ties (Closer to Global Action – supported by soaring oil prices and London’s hungry market for international exploration plays, the CXalgary-London bridge is the new high-traffic corridor for Cdn.
oil types, challenging Calgary’s unique historic link with with the U.S. oil capital, Houston) (Cattaneo. National Post, Monday, March 21, 2005:
FP1)
Co. Name HQ Operations Market $C
Can. Natural Res. Calgary, AB Can, UK, Ivory Coast 19 B
Petro-Canada Calgary, AB N. Africa, NW Euro, SA 19 B
Talisman Energy Calgary, AB NA, UK, Asia, Carrib, Afr 15 B
Nexen Calgary, AB US, Can, Nigeria, Columb 9 B
First Calgary Petr. Calgary, AB Algeria 4 B
Petrokazakztan Calgary, AB Kazakstan 4 B
Nelson Resources London, UK Kazakstan 2.3 B
Centurion Energy Calgary, AB Egypt 1.4 B
Pan-Ocean Ener. Jersey, Channel islands
Gabon 0.7 B
EastCoast Energy Dar es Salaam Tanzania 0.08 B
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Resource Frontier Development – 2005
Hibernia (1979) Life expectancy 17yrs (1997-2014) 4th largest discovery in Canada (10th in world since 1965) Platform $5.8M GBS Gravity-Base Structure 1.4m thick
withstand 6M ton iceberg 1knot Federal-Provincial relations
Mobil 33, Chevron 27, Petro-Can 20, fed gov 9, Murphy 7 Norsk 5
Voisey’s Bay (1996) Life expectancy 30yrs (2006-2036) nickel/copper/cobalt surface/shaft mine/mill complex $2.9B Mine/mill Voisey’s Bay, concentrator at Argentia,
Inco Centre MUN – est. GDP $11B Impacts and Benefits Agreements with the Labrador Inuit
Association and the Innu Nation, preferred provincial taxation/hydro rate
Harmful Alteration, Disruption or Destruction of Fish Habitat (HADD) authorization from DFO
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Resource Regions - Canada’s Nuclear Power
In Canada,Nuclear PowerAccounts for 11% of all energy resources,40-60% in Ont.
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Regional Investment in Alternative EnergyAlberta While resisting Kyoto, AB has invested in Calgary’s C-train, a
light rail commuter system run by wind energy from the Pincher Creek wind turbine field
Canada Government announced in 1996 a renewable energy strategy for
Canada that included tax breaks and other incentives to encourage research and development of renewable energy tech.
Bush announced in his 2003 State-of-the-Union address, that the US would be investing $1.3B US on hydrogen fuel technology as alternative energy source
Ontario, Québec, NS and NFLD Windturbine generators operating in Gaspé, Québec & Toronto with investments being made for more in Ontario, NS and Nfld.
BC Ballard has developed and using fuel cell public transport Germany has purchased a fleet of these
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Wind generators in foothills southwest AB supply all energy for the C-Train
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Source: Draper Dianne. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Perspetive. P. 354
Development and Acceptance of Alternatives – Kyoto and “me”
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Canada and Future Energy Development Canada is a member of all UN initiatives, e.g. CSD UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) emerged from
Agenda 21 CSD-11 (11-th Session) adopts (May 2003) multi-year programme work for
the period 2004-2017 organized as series of two-year action-oriented Implementation Cycles + Review Session and Policy Session in each cycle.
Each two-year cycle is expected to consider a thematic cluster of issues, and a suite of cross-cutting issues. Two-year Action Themes : • 2004/2005 – water, sanitation, human settlements; • 2006/2007 – energy for sustainable development,
industrial development, air pollution/atmosphere, climate change;
• 2008/2009 – agriculture, rural development, land, drought, desertification, Africa
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CSD Cross-Cutting Issues
The following cross-cutting issues will be addressed in each CSD two-year cycle:
• poverty eradication; • changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and
production; • protecting and managing the natural resource base of
economic and social development; • sustainable development in a globalizing world; • health and sustainable development; • sustainable development of SIDS; • sustainable development for Africa; • other regional initiatives; • means of implementation; • institutional framework for sustainable development; • gender equality; and • education.
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• Photos on economic sectors (Barrett & Edith Robinson. 1990. Photos on economic sectors (Barrett & Edith Robinson. 1990. Prince Edward Island. Hong Kong: Everbest Printing Company; USEPA photos of industrial activity in the Great Lakes (EPA website 2002); Canadian Encyclopedia on CD-ROM 1999; personal collection.
• Charts on Economic Sector, population in major cities in major cities Canadian Encyclopedia on CD-ROM 1999.
• Maps on Canada’s Oil Distribution and Hydro production Maps on Canada’s Oil Distribution and Hydro production facilities- Draper, D. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian facilities- Draper, D. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective, p. 363, 366Perspective, p. 363, 366
• Map of Nuclear Installations, Map of Nuclear Installations, www.nucleartourist.com/images• Draper, Diane. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Draper, Diane. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian
Perspective. Scarborough: ITP PublishingPerspective. Scarborough: ITP Publishing