Canadian Energy Events Energy – the capacity to do work
Measured in joules or watt-hours
Factors in Energy UseDemographic and Geographic factors
Canada’s pop. small and spread over great distances Transportation expensive & inter-prov. tariffs imposed
Economic factors Price elasticity- if consumers use less energy, price incr. Good economic sense, but also good ecological sense
Technological factors Price inflation 1970s forced energy-efficiency homes, ICI, car
Lifestyles and Choice as factors huge energy appet.
Oil and Energy 85% or world’s energy comes from non-renewable fossil fuels The Golden Age of oil has peaked and is already past
The Energy Sector Resource regions –
Hydroelectric power
Canadian Energy Policy Since the 1970s: Key Events 1973 Oil Crisis – OPEC
Before OPEC (1960), “western” cos. retained 65%+ revenue 1973 “west” suffers inflation, vulnerable to cartels, supports Israel
1973-74 Oil Embargo Crude rises $3 to $11.65 in 1 yr. Severe recession hits
west
National Energy Program – 1980 Gain self-sufficiency, incr. Cdn. Ownership & share, foster dev’t.
Creation Petro-Canada Fed’s 70% share investment in energy dev’t (19% 2002, 0% 2005)
Deregulation – 1980s Reganism freeing up market economy- less govt. & less regs.
Kyoto Protocol – 1997 (ratified 2004) Canada must decrease GHG emissions 5.2% by 1208-2012
Canada’s increasing dependency on oil (demand fn.)
both
Resource Regions and Regional Distribution of Oil
Regional dependencies on oil in AB, SK and Atlantic Canada
World Distribution of Oil and Canada’s Share
Oil Firms Tighten U.K. Ties (Closer to Global Action – supported by soaring oil prices and London’s hungry market for international exploration plays, the CXalgary-London bridge is the new high-traffic corridor for Cdn.
oil types, challenging Calgary’s unique historic link with with the U.S. oil capital, Houston) (Cattaneo. National Post, Monday, March 21, 2005:
FP1)
Co. Name HQ Operations Market $C
Can. Natural Res. Calgary, AB Can, UK, Ivory Coast 19 B
Petro-Canada Calgary, AB N. Africa, NW Euro, SA 19 B
Talisman Energy Calgary, AB NA, UK, Asia, Carrib, Afr 15 B
Nexen Calgary, AB US, Can, Nigeria, Columb 9 B
First Calgary Petr. Calgary, AB Algeria 4 B
Petrokazakztan Calgary, AB Kazakstan 4 B
Nelson Resources London, UK Kazakstan 2.3 B
Centurion Energy Calgary, AB Egypt 1.4 B
Pan-Ocean Ener. Jersey, Channel islands
Gabon 0.7 B
EastCoast Energy Dar es Salaam Tanzania 0.08 B
Resource Frontier Development – 2005
Hibernia (1979) Life expectancy 17yrs (1997-2014) 4th largest discovery in Canada (10th in world since 1965) Platform $5.8M GBS Gravity-Base Structure 1.4m thick
withstand 6M ton iceberg 1knot Federal-Provincial relations
Mobil 33, Chevron 27, Petro-Can 20, fed gov 9, Murphy 7 Norsk 5
Voisey’s Bay (1996) Life expectancy 30yrs (2006-2036) nickel/copper/cobalt surface/shaft mine/mill complex $2.9B Mine/mill Voisey’s Bay, concentrator at Argentia,
Inco Centre MUN – est. GDP $11B Impacts and Benefits Agreements with the Labrador Inuit
Association and the Innu Nation, preferred provincial taxation/hydro rate
Harmful Alteration, Disruption or Destruction of Fish Habitat (HADD) authorization from DFO
Resource Regions - Canada’s Nuclear Power
In Canada,Nuclear PowerAccounts for 11% of all energy resources,40-60% in Ont.
Regional Investment in Alternative EnergyAlberta While resisting Kyoto, AB has invested in Calgary’s C-train, a
light rail commuter system run by wind energy from the Pincher Creek wind turbine field
Canada Government announced in 1996 a renewable energy strategy for
Canada that included tax breaks and other incentives to encourage research and development of renewable energy tech.
Bush announced in his 2003 State-of-the-Union address, that the US would be investing $1.3B US on hydrogen fuel technology as alternative energy source
Ontario, Québec, NS and NFLD Windturbine generators operating in Gaspé, Québec & Toronto with investments being made for more in Ontario, NS and Nfld.
BC Ballard has developed and using fuel cell public transport Germany has purchased a fleet of these
Wind generators in foothills southwest AB supply all energy for the C-Train
Source: Draper Dianne. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Perspetive. P. 354
Development and Acceptance of Alternatives – Kyoto and “me”
Canada and Future Energy Development Canada is a member of all UN initiatives, e.g. CSD UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) emerged from
Agenda 21 CSD-11 (11-th Session) adopts (May 2003) multi-year programme work for
the period 2004-2017 organized as series of two-year action-oriented Implementation Cycles + Review Session and Policy Session in each cycle.
Each two-year cycle is expected to consider a thematic cluster of issues, and a suite of cross-cutting issues. Two-year Action Themes : • 2004/2005 – water, sanitation, human settlements; • 2006/2007 – energy for sustainable development,
industrial development, air pollution/atmosphere, climate change;
• 2008/2009 – agriculture, rural development, land, drought, desertification, Africa
CSD Cross-Cutting Issues
The following cross-cutting issues will be addressed in each CSD two-year cycle:
• poverty eradication; • changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and
production; • protecting and managing the natural resource base of
economic and social development; • sustainable development in a globalizing world; • health and sustainable development; • sustainable development of SIDS; • sustainable development for Africa; • other regional initiatives; • means of implementation; • institutional framework for sustainable development; • gender equality; and • education.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• Photos on economic sectors (Barrett & Edith Robinson. 1990. Photos on economic sectors (Barrett & Edith Robinson. 1990. Prince Edward Island. Hong Kong: Everbest Printing Company; USEPA photos of industrial activity in the Great Lakes (EPA website 2002); Canadian Encyclopedia on CD-ROM 1999; personal collection.
• Charts on Economic Sector, population in major cities in major cities Canadian Encyclopedia on CD-ROM 1999.
• Maps on Canada’s Oil Distribution and Hydro production Maps on Canada’s Oil Distribution and Hydro production facilities- Draper, D. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian facilities- Draper, D. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective, p. 363, 366Perspective, p. 363, 366
• Map of Nuclear Installations, Map of Nuclear Installations, www.nucleartourist.com/images• Draper, Diane. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Draper, Diane. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian
Perspective. Scarborough: ITP PublishingPerspective. Scarborough: ITP Publishing