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Slide No.1 29/09/2015 F12803
SyntheSys St. Hilda’s Business Centre The Ropery Whitby North Yorkshire YO22 4ET tel: +44 (0)1947 821464 fax: +44 (0)1947 603301 email: [email protected] web: www.synthesys.co.uk
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Slide No.2 29/09/2015 F12803
Welcome to IDLS 2015
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Slide No.3 29/09/2015 F12803
Introduction to JTIDS/MIDS Link 16
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Slide No.4 29/09/2015 F12803
• Paul Czajkowski (Ski)
• Training Consultant & Systems Engineer
• Retired Royal Air Force 22 years
• Involved in TDLs all my career
• Conduct TDL training all over the world
Introduction
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Slide No.5 29/09/2015 F12803
• Main Features and Supporting Documentation
• JTIDS/MIDS Nations & Platforms
• Basic Architecture
• Initialisation and Synchronising to a Network
• Basic exchange of J-Series Messages
Scope
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Slide No.6 29/09/2015 F12803
• Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS)
• Term to describe software/hardware and R/F equipment on first generation terminals
• Multi Functional Information Distribution System (MIDS)
• Term to describe same requirement on second generation terminals
• JTIDS/MIDS is the Bearer and Link 16 is the language
JTIDS/MIDS Link 16 Terminology
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Slide No.7 29/09/2015 F12803
• MIDS uses J-Series messages
• MIDS/Link 16 supports approximately 525,000 objects
• MIDS uses UHF
• MIDS utilises 51 discrete frequencies
• MIDS IU is known as a JTIDS Unit (JU)
• C2 or NonC2
JTIDS/MIDS Link 16 Terminology
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Slide No.8 29/09/2015 F12803
JTIDS/MIDS Main Features
JTIDS/MIDS Link 16
Message Security (MSEC)
Transmission Security (TSEC)
Increased Granularity (WGS-84)
Data exchange in more environments
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Slide No.9 29/09/2015 F12803
• Technical specification of TDLs and procedures for their operation are defined by both national and NATO documents
• Standardised NATO Agreement (STANAG)
• ‘NATO Standards’
• Most TDLs are initially designed to US requirements
• US Military Standards (MIL-STDs)
Documentation
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Slide No.10 29/09/2015 F12803
Documentation
Message Standard
MIL-STD -6016
STANAG 5516
Terminal
STANAG 4175
MIDS SSS
Operator Procedures
JMTOP
ADatP-33
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Slide No.11 29/09/2015 F12803
• There are approximately 43 Nations and it is used on a variety of platforms
• Some platforms are Multi-TDL equipped
• Endless issues/problems of interoperability
Nations & Platforms
I can do Link 1, 11A/B and 16
I can only do Link 22
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Slide No.12 29/09/2015 F12803
• JTIDS/MIDS uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
• In a JTIDS/MIDS network each JTIDS Unit (JU) is allocated a portion of time known as a Time Slot (TS)
• Each TS is 7.8125ms in duration and there are 1536 TS available
• Which adds up to a 12 second repeating cycle known as a frame
Basic Architecture
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Slide No.13 29/09/2015 F12803
• Each 24 hour day is divided in to 112.5 epochs
• Each epoch has 64 frames
• Each frame has 1536 Time Slots
• Terminal simply follows the same 12 second cycle
TDMA
24
HOURS
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Slide No.14 29/09/2015 F12803
• Network can support up to 128 nets
• Each net number supports a different Frequency Hopping Pattern (FHP) controlled by TSEC
• Each JU is allocated TS on a net number to either Tx, Rx or Relay
• But a JU can only operate on one net in any given TS
Basic Architecture
Net 127
Net 0
Net 1
Net 2
Net 3
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Slide No.15 29/09/2015 F12803
• When a JU wishes to join a network it requires a load file
• To create a load file specific parameters are needed
• Mission Specific Parameters (MSP) • Each JU is allocated an address and maybe a track block
• Network Specific Parameters (NSP) • Time Slots and net number(s) to operate on
Initialising a Terminal
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Slide No.16 29/09/2015 F12803
• Platform Specific Parameters (PSP) • Factors that are particular to a platform e.g. ‘cable delays’
• PSP are normally stored within • Initialisation Data Preparation Facility (IDPF) or a Mission
Support System (MSS)
• An operator will load both the NSP and MSP on to the IDPF/MSS and create a load file
• Then transfer the load file to the terminal/host
Initialising a Terminal
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Slide No.17 29/09/2015 F12803
Initialising a Terminal
Network Specific Parameters (NSP) Network Design
Platform Specific Parameters (PSP)
Cable lengths
Mission Specific
Parameters (MSP)
OPTASK Link Track Block
JU MIDS Duties
Initialisation Data
Preparation Facility (IDPF) NSP/MSP/PSP all create the
Load File
HOST
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Slide No.18 29/09/2015 F12803
• For a terminal to successfully synchronise to an established network it requires • Correct Crypto
• Correct Time
• Line of Sight
• Crypto is supplied prior to operations but correct system time needs to be found
• System time is supplied by Network Time Reference (NTR) which defines the beginning of each frame
Synchronising to a Network
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Slide No.19 29/09/2015 F12803
• Synchronisation is when a joining unit acquires and then maintains system time either actively or passively
• Automatic process
• Achieved in a two part process • First part is to achieve Coarse synchronisation
• Second part is to achieve Fine synchronisation
Synchronising to a Network
I would like to join the network
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Slide No.20 29/09/2015 F12803
• To achieve Coarse synchronisation, a joining unit must receive an error free J0.0 Initial Entry Message (IEM)
Synchronising to a Network
NTR
I estimate system time
I Tx IEM at the start of the frame
IEM
Great I found it
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Slide No.21 29/09/2015 F12803
• To achieve Fine synchronisation a joining unit then exchanges several Round Trip Timing (RTT) messages
• Allowing a joining unit to refine its clock
• After that a terminal continues to exchange RTT messages to support a value known as Time Quality
Synchronising to a Network
Fine synch Now I can transmit
messages
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Slide No.22 29/09/2015 F12803
• Various J-Series messages exist to support tactical data exchange and commands
• J-Series messages are transmitted and/or received dependent upon the type of platform
• J-Series messages are ‘grouped’ for transmission to a Network Participation Group (NPG)
• Currently 31 are defined for use by their function
Exchanging J-Series Messages
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Slide No.23 29/09/2015 F12803
• Time Slots are allocated to an NPG dependent upon the requirements of the network
• All platforms will transmit and receive NPG 6 PPLI messages
Exchanging J-Series Messages
NPG 2 & 3 Round Trip Timing
NPG 4 Network Management
NPG 5 & 6 Precise Participant Location & Identification (PPLI)
NPG 7 Surveillance
NPG 8 Mission Management & Weapons Coordination
NPG 9 Control
NPG 10 Electronic Warfare
NPG 12 & 13 Voice
NPG 19 & 20 Fighter-to-Fighter A&B
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Slide No.24 29/09/2015 F12803
Exchanging J-Series Messages
I Tx a J2.5 Land Point PPLI
I Tx a J2.3 Surface PPLI
We each Tx a J2.2 Air PPLI
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Slide No.25 29/09/2015 F12803
• Generally the largest exchange of data within a network is for Surveillance
• C2 units are defined as those that Tx surveillance data
• All units need to receive the surveillance data to maintain situational awareness
• There are 21 surveillance messages primarily supporting the transmission of track data and track management
Exchanging J-Series Messages
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Slide No.26 29/09/2015 F12803
Exchanging J-Series Messages
I detect an air track and Tx a J3.2 Air Track message
Thanks for the warning
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Slide No.27 29/09/2015 F12803
Exchanging J-Series Messages
It is in the network lets
correlate
I detect an air track and Tx a J12.6 Target Sorting Message
It is in the network lets
correlate
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Slide No.28 29/09/2015 F12803
Summary
JTIDS/MIDS is the bearer and Link 16 is the language
Operates over 51 frequencies and 128 nets
Primary documents are MIL-STD-6016 & STANAG 5516
JTIDS/MIDS operates on a 12 second repeating cycle
A JU can only operate on one net in any given TS
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Slide No.29 29/09/2015 F12803
Summary
Terminal needs MSP/PSP/NSP to create a load file
Terminal requires Time/LOS/Crypto to synchronise
Synchronisation is a two part process – Coarse & Fine
Lots of J-Series message exist to support the transmission of tactical data and commands
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Slide No.30 29/09/2015 F12803
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Slide No.31 29/09/2015 F12803
Mr Paul Czajkowski [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0) 1947 821464 Mob: +44 (0)7507866253 www.synthesys.co.uk