download doubtnut now · 2020. 1. 7. · microbes in human welfare revise most important questions...

NEETREVISIONSERIES

MICROBESINHUMANWELFARE

ReviseMostImportantQuestionstoCrackNEET2020

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Q-1-14537982

Which of the following microbes is a proteinacious infectious

agent?

(A)Fungi

(B)Prions

(C)Bacteria

(D)Protozoa

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Prionsarehighlyresistanceglycoproteinparticleswhich

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functionasinfectiousagents.Prionscanalsoactas

catalystconvertingnormalproteinintoprionstate.Prions

arenotaffectedbyproteases,nuclease,temperature

upto radiationsandformaldehyde.

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Q-2-14537986

The inoculum is added to the fresk milk in order to convert milk

into curd, the term 'inoculum' here refers to

(A)astarterrichinvitamin

(B)astarterrichinproteins

(C)astartercontainingmillionsof

(D)anaerobicdigester

CORRECTANSWER:C

800C, UV

B12

LAB

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Q-3-14538009

Identify the blank spaces A,B,C and D in the following table and

select the correct answer.

(A)A-StreptococcusB-Fungus

C-CyclosporinAD-Clostridiumbutylicum

(B)A-ClostridiumbutlycliumB-Streptococcus

C-FungusD-CyclosporinA

(C)A-StreptococcusB-Yeast

C-CyclosporinAD-Lacyobacillus

(D)A-StreptococcusB-CyclosporinA

Typeofmicrobe Scientificname CommercialproductBacterium A StreptokinaseB Aspergillusniger CitricacidFungus Trichondermapolysporum CBacterium D Butyricacid

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C-StrainsD-Clostridiumbutylicum

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-4-19269264

Dough kept overnight in warm weather becoms soft and spongy

because of

(A)Cohesion

(B)Osmosis

(C)Absorptionofcarbondioxidefromatmosphere

(D)Fermentation

CORRECTANSWER:D


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Q-5-19269310

Cheese and Yoghurt are porduct of the porcess

(A)Distillation

(B)Pasterurization

(C)Dehyxdration

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

Cheeseandyoghurtisnutritiveproductofmilkwhichis

formedbyfermentationprocess.


Q-6-19269342

Which one of the following is usedd in the baking of the bread

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Or

Baker's yeast is

Or

The dough used for making bread is fremented by

(A)Rhizopusstolonifer

(B)Zygosaccharomyces

(C)Saccharomycescerevisiae

(D)Saccharomycodesludwigii

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

InvertaseenzymeisobtainedfromSaccharomyces

cerveisaieandisudedtobreadbakingisalsocalled

baker'syeast


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Q-7-19269357

In the sewage treatement, bacterial flocs are allowed to sediment iin

a settling tank. This sediment is calld as

(A)Inactivatedsludge

(B)Activatedsludge

(C)Primarysludge

(D)Secondarysludge

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

OncetheBODisreducedtheeffluentisthenpassdinot

asettingtankwherethebacteriaflocsareallowedto

settle.Thissedimentiscalledacitvatedsludge.Asmall

partoftheactivatedsludgeispumpedbackinto

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theaerationtanktoserveasincolum.REmainingpartis

pumpedintolargethakscalledanaerobicsludge

digester.


Q-8-19269378

BOD of waste water is estimated by measuring the amount of

(A)Totalorganicmatter

(B)Biodergadableorganicmatter

(C)Oxygenevolution

(D)Oxygenconsumption

CORRECTANSWER:D


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Q-9-19269372

Which of the following in sewage treatement removes suspended

solids.

(A)Tertiarttreatment

(B)Secondarytreatement

(C)Primarytreatment

(D)Sludgetreatment

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-10-14538004

Streptomycin is obtained from

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(A)Streptomycesgriseus

(B)S.cerevisiae

(C)S.venezuelae

(D)S.rimosus

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

S.CerevisiaeisusedintheformationofdoughwhileS.

venezuelaseisusedinobtainingchlorophenicolwhileS.

venezuelaseisusedinobtainingchloroamphenicoldrug.

OxytetracylineisobtainedfromS.rimosus.


Q-11-19269275

A compound which is produced by an organism and inhibits growth

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of other organism is called

(A)Antigen

(B)Antibiotic

(C)Antibody

(D)Interferon

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-12-19269321

Antibodies in our body are complex

(A)Prostaglandins

(B)Glycoproteins

(C)Lipoproteins

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(D)Steroids

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-13-23781944

Immobilisation protects an enzyme against

(A)Hightemperature

(B)Lowtemperature

(C)Amylases

(D)Proteases

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-14-23781972

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Cyclosporin A, used as immunosuppressive agent is obtained from

(A)BacteriumBacillussubtilis

(B)FungusTrichodermapolysporum

(C)FungusTolypocladiuminflatum

(D)BothBandC

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-15-23782002

Pheromones are chemicals that are used in animals for

(A)Sexattractants

(B)Sendingalarmsignals

(C)Markingtrails

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(D)Alltheabove

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-16-23782013

Thurioside is

(A)Insecticide

(B)Fungicide

(C)Antibiotic

(D)Weedicide

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-17-23782032

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Conversion of sugar into alcohol during fermentation is due

(A)Microorganisms

(B)Zymase

(C)Raisedtemperature

(D)Decompositionofsugar

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-18-23782036

Root nodules for nitrogen fixation of a nonleguminous trees possess

(A)Frankia

(B)Rhizobium

(C)Azotobacter

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(D)Thiobacillus

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-19-19269285

The microbe Pseudomonas denitrificans produces Vitamin

(A)K

(B)D

(C)

(D)

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-20-19269317

B2

B12

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Stirred-tank biroreactors have been designed for

(A)Avaiilabiltyofoxygenthroughtotheprocess

(B)Addtionofpreservationtotheprodcut

(C)Purificationsoftheprocust

(D)Ensuringanaerobicconditionsintheculturevessel

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-21-19269352

Immobilised enzymes are generally used for bioractore in

(A)Batchprocess

(B)Digestiveprocess

(C)Activationprocess

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(D)Continuousprocess

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

Immobilisationofenzymesistheprocessistheprocess

offixingenzymesotorenclosingitinasolidsupportso

astoprotectitfromdeactgivationandattackfrom

proteases,maintainenezymepurity,abilitytorecoverit

afterreactionandperformcontinuousreaction.


Q-22-19269367

What gases are produced in anaerobic sludge digestres

(A)Methane,hydrogensulphideand

(B)Hydrogensulphideand

O2

CO2

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(C)Methaneand only

(D)Methane,hydrogensulphideand

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

MarshgasorMethanegasismainlyproducedbythe

activitesofanaeobicbacteriaonsewage.Sewage

containslargeamountsoforganicmatterandmicrobes

(bacteriaandfungi)aredigestedduringsecondary

treatmentprocessofsewagebyanaerobicbacteria.

Duringdigestionbacteiraproduceamixtureofgases

suchasmethane,hydrogensulphideand

carbonodioxdie.


Q-23-23781950

CO2

CO2

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The terms "antibiotic " was coined by:

(A)Fleming

(B)Waksman

(C)Funk

(D)Jenner

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-24-23781992

A legume having symbiotic association with two nitrogen fixing

bacteria (Rhizobium and Aerospirillum ) is

(A)Crotalariajuncea

(B)Sesbaniaaculeata

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(C)Sesbaniarostrata

(D)Cyamopsistetragonoloba

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-25-23782028

Streptomyces griseus produces antibiotic

(A)Terramycin

(B)Chloramphenicol

(C)Neomycin

(D)Streptomycin

CORRECTANSWER:D


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Q-26-23782037

Which is correct?

(A)Legumesfixnitrogenthroughbacteriaintheirleaves

(B)Legumesfixnitrogensthroughbacteriaintheirroots

(C)Legumesfixnitrogensindependentofbacteria

(D)Legumesdonotfixnitrogen.

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-27-19269311

Strepptomycin is used ot cure the dieases casued by the bactria

(A)Gram-positive

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(B)Gram-negtive

(C)Gram-netureal

(D)Bothgram-postiveandgram-negative

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-28-14537996

Which of the following organisms is used in the production of

beverages?

(A)Penicilliumnotatum

(B)Saccharomycescerevisiae

(C)Aspergillusniger

(D)Clostridiumbutylicum

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CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

TheyeastSaccharmycescerevisiae,alsoknownas

brewer'syeast,isusedforfermentingmaltedcerealsan

fruitjuicestoproduceethanol(ethylalcohol).Microbes

(yeastsinparticular)havebeenusedfortheproduction

ofbeverages,suchaswine,beer,whisky,brandyand

rum.


Q-29-14538007

___________produced by bacterium Streptococcus and midified by

genetic engineering is used as a clot buster for removing clots from

the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial

infarction leading to heart attack.

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(A)Lipase

(B)Streptokinase

(C)CyclosporinA

(D)Antibioticstreptomycin

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Streptokinase(TissuePlasminogenActivatoror )

isanenzymeobtainedfromtheculturesofsome

haemolyticbacteriumStreptococcusandmodified

geneticallytofunctionasclotbuster.Ithasfibrinolytic

effect.Therefore,ithelpsinclearingbloodclotsinside

thebloodvesselsinpatientswhohaveundergone

myocardialinfarctionleadingtoheartattack,through

dissolutionofintravascularfibrin.

TP A

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Q-30-19269278

Vinegar is produced from sugars with the help of

Or

In the formation of ascorbic acid, the micro-organisme

(A)Lactobacillus

(B)Acetobacter

(C)Nitrosomonas

(D)Salmonella

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Vinegarismostimportantacidbeingproducedbytwo

stepfermentationofsugarcanejuicebyyeastand

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Acetobacterbacillibacteria.Ascorbicacid(vitaminC)is

producedbyacomplicatedmodificationofglucoseby

differentspeciesofAsetobacter.


Q-31-19269315

The organism used for alcohol frementaion is

(A)Penicillium

(B)Pseucomonas

(C)Aspergillus

(D)Saccharomyces

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

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Brewingindustryproducesalcoholicbeveragesof

severaltypesdependinguponthefermentingagentand

themedium.FermentingagentsareSaccharomyces

cerveisiae,S.sake,S.ellipsodiens(wineyeast)andS.

pireformis,(ginneryeast)


Q-32-19269380

What would happen if oxygen availability to acitivated sludge flocs

is reduced

(A)Itwillslowdowntherateofdegradationoforganic

matter

(B)Thecentreofflocswillbecomeanoxic,whichwould

caousedeathofbacteriaandeventuallybreakageof

flocs

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(C)Flocswouldincreasesinsizesanaerobicbacteria

wouldgrowaroundflocs

(D)Protozoawouldgrowinlargenumbers

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-33-23781971

Cyclosporin A is used for

(A)Dissolvingbloodclots

(B)Loweringcholesterollevel

(C)Immunosupression

(D)Enhancingtendernessofmeat

CORRECTANSWER:C

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Q-34-23782033

In cheese, manufacture microorgansim are important for :

(A)Ripening

(B)Sourcingofmilk

(C)Sourcingandripening

(D)Developmentofresistancetospoilage

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-35-23782041

Mycorrhiza exhibits the phenomenon of

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(A)Antagonism

(B)Endemism

(C)Symbiosis

(D)Parasitism

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-36-23782047

Rennin used in cheese indusry is

(A)Inhibitor

(B)Alkaloid

(C)Enzyme

(D)Inhibitor

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CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-37-23782053

Pasteurisation is carried out at

(A) for60minutes

(B) forthirtyminutes

(C) for60minutes

(D) for30minutes

CORRECTANSWER:B


Q-38-19269333

Interferons are

120 ∘C

60 ∘ − 63 ∘C

70 ∘C

80 ∘C

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(A)Antiviralproteins

(B)Complexproteins

(C)Anti-bacterialproteins

(D)Anti-concerproteins

CORRECTANSWER:A

SOLUTION:

Interferonsareactiveproteins(Antiviralproteins)that

areeffectiveagainstmostviruses.


Q-39-19269297

Enzyme can be immobillsed by

(A)Cros-likingenezymemolecules

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(B)Covalentlyattachingtoasolidsupport

(C)Entrappingthemingel

(D)Alltheabove

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

Bycorsslinkingenzymemoleculesorbycovalently

attachingthemtoasolidsupportorbyentrappingthem

ingel,metabolicacitivitiesofenzymesarestopped.


Q-40-14538008

Enzyme which has the fibrinolytic effect is

(A)protease

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(B)amylase

(C)lipase

(D)streptokinase

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-41-19269288

Penicillin was used in

(A)Iwordwar

(B)IIwordwar

(C)BothI&IIwordwar

(D)Noneotthese

CORRECTANSWER:B

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Q-42-19269349

Which of the molecules listed below is a product of fermentation of

glucose by yeast

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

(C6H10O5)n

C2H5OH

C6H12O6

CH3OH

C12H22O11 + H2OYeast

−−−−−→Inverstase

C6 H12Glucose

O6

+ C6 H12Fructose

O6

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Q-43-19269371

The purpose of biological treatement of water -water is to

(A)ReduceBOD

(B)IncreaseBOD

(C)Reducesedimentation

(D)IncreasesSedimention

CORRECTANSWER:A

C6H12O6 + H2OYeast−−−→Zymase

2C2 H12Glucose

O6

+ C6 H5Ethylacohol

OH

+ 2CO2

https://doubtnut.app.link/zEpbab3IW2https://doubtnut.app.link/UYGOHc3IW2


Q-44-19269401

Why is the gas produced in a biogas plant and fermentation process

of dough in bakery different

(A)Asbecausethemicrooganismsarediffrenet

(B)Astherawmeterialisdifferent

(C)Bothmicrooganismsandtherawmaterialare

different

(D)Boththeprocessesarecompetelydifferent

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-45-23781985

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Fertilizers applied to crop plants, pollute

(A)Soilresources

(B)Waterresources

(C)Bothsoilandwaterresources

(D)Soil,waterandatmosphere

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-46-23782019

Azolla enriches rice fields with nitrogen due to its association with

Or

A free living nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium which can also form

symbiotic association with the water fern Azolla is

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(A)Anabaena

(B)Nostoc

(C)Rhizobium

(D)Frankia

CORRECTANSWER:A


Q-47-19269325

Which of the folliowing statements is not trur for stirred tank

fermentation

(A)BufferneededtocontrolpH

(B)Batchandfeedpossible

(C)Controlleddissovledoxygen

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(D)Easyinprocesssampling

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-48-19269306

Yeast is used in the production of

(A)Critricacidlacticacid

(B)Lipaseandpectinase

(C)Breaedandbeer

(D)Cheeseandbutter

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-49-19269280

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First antibiotic isolated was

Or

Antiboitics are produced by

(A)Terramycin

(B)Neomycin

(C)Penicillin

(D)Streptomycin

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

Firstantibioticisolatedwaspenicillin(wonderdrug,)from

Pencilliumnotatum.


Q-50-14537989

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Study the following flow chart depicting the formation of curd from

milk. Identify the missing parts X and Y.

(A)X-Gluconicacid,Y-Vitamin

(B)X-Lacticacid,Y-Vitamin

(C)X-Lacticacid,Y-Vitamin

(D)X-Citricacid, -Vitamin

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-51-19269272

B1

B2

B12

Y C

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Which antibiotic inhibits peptide bond formation

(A)Streptomycin

(B)Tetracyclin

(C)Chloramphenicol

(D)Neomycin

CORRECTANSWER:C


Q-52-19269302

Which of the following organisc acids was prodcuded by

fermentatio

(A)Oxalicacid

(B)Lacticacids

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(C)Citricacid

(D)Propionicacid

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Firstorganicacid(lacticacid)tobefermented,which

obtainedbytheacitivityofanumberofbacteria.Like

Streptococcuslactis,lactis,Lactobacillusdelbreukii,and

Rhizopusfungus.


Q-53-19269330

Ergot, which is an important source of a drug is obtained from

(A)Agaricus

(B)Claviceps

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(C)Commiphora

(D)Ephedra

CORRECTANSWER:B

SOLUTION:

Clavicepsperpureaisafunguswhichcauseergotismm

isrye(secalecereae)andotherplants.Italsoyieldsa

hallucibnogenicdrugcalled.LSD.


Q-54-19269339

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched

(A)Spirulina-Singlecellportein

(B)Rhizobium-Biofertlizer

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(C)Streptomyces-Antibiotic

(D)Serratia-Drugaddiction

CORRECTANSWER:D


Q-55-19269355

Which one of the following is a wrong matching of a microbe and

its industrial product, while the remaining three are correct,

(A)Clostridumbutylicum-lacticand

(B)Aserglillusniger-citricacid

(C)Yeast-statins

(D)Acetobacteraceti-aceticacid

CORRECTANSWER:A

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Q-56-19269363

The primary treatment of sewage involes

(A)Digestion

(B)Decomposition

(C)SedimentationandFiltration

(D)Noneofthese

CORRECTANSWER:C

SOLUTION:

Itivolvesphysicalremovalofparticles-largeandsamll

fromtheseqagethroughfiltrationandsedimentaion.

Swquentialfiltrationremovesfloatingdebris,thenthegrit

(soilandsmallpebles)areremovedbydedimentation.

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Allsolidsthatsetteldownformstheprimarysludgethe

suprnantformstheeffluent.


Q-57-19269374

Wastewater treatment geneerates a large quantity of sludge, which

can be treated by

(A)Anaerobic

(B)Floc

(C)Chemicals

(D)Oxidationpond

CORRECTANSWER:A


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Q-58-19269277

Who coined the term " antibiotics"

Or

Streptomycin was first isolated in 1944-45 by

(A)Flemming

(B)Florey

(C)Chain

(D)S.Waksman

CORRECTANSWER:D

SOLUTION:

Theterm'antibiotic'wasgivenbyWaksman(1942).


https://doubtnut.app.link/4WHV1H3IW2

Q-59-14538005

Which of the following antibiotics is not correctly matched with the

source from which it is obtained ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

CORRECTANSWER:D

Antibiotic SourcePenicillin Penicilliumchrysogenum

Antibiotic SourceBacitracin Bacilluslicheniformis

Antibiotic SourceGriseofulvin Penicilliumgriseofulvum

Antibiotic SourceStreptomycin Bacillusgriseus

https://doubtnut.app.link/ItOMMK3IW2

SOLUTION:

StreptomycinisobtainedfromStreptomycesgriseus.It

isfoundusefulinmeningitis,pneumonia,tuberculosis

andlocalinfections.


Q-60-14537998

Wine and beer are produced directly by fermentation whereas

brandy and whisky require both fermentation and distillation. This

is because

(A)fermentationisinhibitedatthealcohollevelof

(B)distillationprolongstorage

(C)distillationimprovesquality

(D)distillationpurifiesthebeherage

10 − 18 %

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CORRECTANSWER:A


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