PLATE CXClX

OBlTUARY NOTICES OF DECEASED MEMBERS

JDou~Iae lbenrp Q0lIin8 23 July 1907-1 AU- 1964

FRONTISPIECE AND PLATE CXCIX

DOUGLAS HENRY COLLINS was born in 1907 at Ulverston, the son of a general practitioner. He was educated at Rossall School, studied medicine at Liverpool University and took his M.B., Ch.B. in 1930. After holding resident posts (casualty officer and house physician) at the Royal Southern Hospital, Liverpool, he became Holt Fellow in Pathology in the Department of Professor J. H. Dible, where he worked on problems connected with fatty changes in viscera and on the influence of insulin and diabetes on the movement and disposal of fats; he was awarded his M.D. in 1933 for a thesis entitled " Studies on the mobilisation of fat and its relation to carbohydrate metabolism ". In 1932 he became Junior Lecturer in Pathology in the University of Liverpool, where he remained for two-and-a-half years, enlarging his experience of morbid anatomy and histology.

In 1934 he was appointed Research Fellow in Rheumatism in the University of Leeds, and worked partly in the Department of Pathology under the benevolent eye of Professor Matthew J. Stewart, and partly at the Royal Bath Hospital, Harrogate. In the five years before the war he made a thorough and comprehensive study of the histo- pathology of the joints in the various arthritic diseases and was one of the first workers in this country to establish histological criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gout. In 1936 he spent some months with Walter Bauer in Boston, U.S.A.

It was in this pre-war phase of his career that he became interested in experimental arthritis. His attention was drawn by a veterinary worker to the Occurrence in pigs of a severe progressive form of arthritis. The Ridings of Yorkshire were scoured for arthritic pigs and a high incidence of the disease was found in the progeny of a phenomenally prolific animal subsequently known as the Great Nosterfield Boar. The naked-eye and histological appearances of the affected joints were shown to be remarkably similar to those of the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis in man. The pig arthritis was found to be associated with infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and the disease could be reproduced in normal pigs by the intravenous inoculation of cultures of the organism. It was noted that in the initial stages of the arthritis the organism could be isolated from the affected joints; in the later stages attempts at isolation almost always failed, though the arthritis continued to progress.

1. PATH. McT.-VOL. 90 (1965) 69 I

692 DOUGLAS H E N R Y COLLINS

Immediately on the outbreak of war, Collins joined the Emergency Medical Service, and went to Scotton Banks Sanatorium to establish a base-hospital laboratory. In May 1940 he was appointed pathologist to Wharncliffe E.M.S. Hospital, Sheffield, and later combined his duties with those of Medical Superintendent. There he saw the city of Sheffield ablaze after the blitz of 1940. For his services during the war years he was awarded the O.B.E.

He returned to Leeds University in 1946 as Reader in Clinical Pathology in the Department of Matthew Stewart. In addition to his teaching duties he was responsible for the haematological, morbid anatomical and histological services of the General Infirmary at Leeds. During the following eight years his relations with the clinical staff of the hospital were most cordial. He developed an interest in haematology and published several papers on that subject, but his heart was in histopathology and, in particular, in the pathology of bones and joints. He began a necropsy study of the incidence of Paget’s disease and this he continued after his appointment to the Chair of Pathology at Sheffield. He found the disease to be present in 3-7 per cent. of persons over the age of 40 coming to necropsy, a figure very close to that found by Schmorl in Dresden. He also made a study of the arthritis produced in rabbits by the intravenous inoculation of minute doses of streptococci. The histological appear- ances of the joints were found to be similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis in man, and as in the previously studied swine arthritis, the disease was progressive although the joints became sterile. In 1949 he published his book on “ The pathology of articular and spinal diseases ”, which incorporated all his own clinical and experimental work, and remains the standard textbook on the subject. He became Assistant Editor of this Journal in 1950 and he also served on the editorial board of the Atitials of the Rheumatic Diseases.

In 1954 he was appointed to the Joseph Hunter Chair of Pathology in Sheffield and his return allowed him to strengthen the many friend- ships made with clinical colleagues in the Sheffield Medical School during the war years. For the first time the professorial appointment was linked with that of honorary consultant pathologist to the Royal Infirmary and the Radiotherapy Centre. Collins believed in a strong link between the academic and clinical departments and readily grasped this opportunity to forge the tie. The success he achieved was appreciated by all, and represents one of his many important contribu- tions to hospital-university relations in Sheffield. Part of this success can certainly be attributed to the strength of the diagnostic service he developed in histopathology, for all soon appreciated the value of his opinion at the microscope. An important part of his contribution was derived from his attitude in committee, and like most departmental heads he was soon drawn into the committee room. He was never aggressive, and his calm honest approach invariably earned respect. Often when some thorny item had provoked

OBITUARY 693

particularly heated debate he would sit back from the controversy, detached and apparently disinterested, even a trifle embarrassed. When the storm had died he would then put forward his own carefully considered proposal to reconcile the opposing views, and more than one chairman has been grateful for his intervention.

The clinical material he controlled was put to good use to strengthen pathology teaching in Sheffield. The old class slides he inherited were replaced, and in due course the museum was to show his acquisition of fresh material. Biopsy conferences for senior students and medical staff were introduced and soon became established as a regular feature of his teaching and a traditional part of Infirmary life. Later, along with C. P. Beattie and G. M. Wilson, he played a major role in com- pletely reorganising the fourth year of the medical course. Teaching in pathology was integrated with bacteriology and pharmacology and this combined course of lectures, supplemented by tutorial sessions, was linked with instruction in the wards. Collins was a great university man and medical education was one of his chief interests. There can be few who gained so much respect from their students, and his death was a matter of great regret to the undergraduate body. He was Public Orator in the University. The presentation of honorary graduands on degree day was a responsibility he took seriously and discharged most admirably. The careful research and repeated rehearsal that had gone before were invariably followed by a stylish and cultured performance, no matter whether he was presenting a distinguished historian or a celebrated scientist.

In 1958 he was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians, and later he became a Founder Fellow of the College of Pathologists. He was chairman of the Testicular Tumour Panel of the Pathological Society and British Empire Cancer Campaign and shared the editorship of the Panel's report, The pathology of testicular turnours, with R. C. B. Pugh. He served on the Central Health Services Council of the Ministry of Health from 1958 and shortly before his death he was appointed to the Sheffield Regional Hospital Board. A great deal of his time in recent years was spent on the Planning Com- mittee of the new Sheffield Teaching Hospital (now the Hallamshire Hospital) and Medical School. Much of his work in this connexion remains on paper rather than in more tangible form, for he saw only the initial phase of the out-patient clinic completed.

Collins edited Modern trends in pathology in 1959 and with R. C. Curran contributed a chapter on pathological ossification and osseous metaplasia in man. In his introduction to the book he wrote in characteristic style : " Pathologists are losing the shackles that previously bound them to the rigid disciplines of morbid anatomy and descriptive morphology, and the excitement of adventuring in pathology today lies in the freedom with which use is made of information and techniques culled from biology, chemistry, immun- ology, physics and physiology ". These views were reflected in the

694 DOUGLAS HENR Y COLLINS

content of many of the published accounts of his research done in Sheffield. .

From his extensive background of experience in the morphology of bone and joint disease he turned to more dynamic investigations of chondrocyte structure and function, especially in osteoarthritis. Histochemistry, radiochemical analysis and autoradiography with radioactive (35s) sulphate, and in the last two years the electron microscope, were used to probe the nature of the changes occurring in cartilage, with fruitful results. By comparing the sulphate uptake of human articular cartilage with that of cartilage at other sites, for example at the rib ends, he disposed of the view that there may be a general or systemic degradation of cartilage cell function throughout the body as age advances. The evidence he obtained indicated that even in severe degenerative osteoarthritis, the chondrocytes had not lost their ability to synthesise chondroitin sulphate; on the contrary, this function seemed to be stimulated. Here was a further example of a so-called degenerative disease in which one aspect at least of cell function was enhanced. This stimulation of the chondrocytes of the articular cartilage to manufacture chondroitin sulphate was, he believed, a response to loss of the matrix that surrounds them, and he considered that the original lesion of cartilage in osteoarthritis was a dissolution of the acid-mucopolysaccharide fraction of its matrix. In turn the chondrocytes proliferated to form clusters in the deep layers of the cartilage and became hyperactive in their uptake of radioactive sulphate to replace the loss of chondroitin sulphuric acid.

He established an electron-microscope unit in his department, and it was inevitable that he should direct its use to a programme of investigations that included cartilage. The fine structure of lipid within chondrocytes was one topic that attracted his attention. On the day he died he was in process of completing the third of a series of papers on cartilage ultrastructure.

Douglas Collins was a man of remarkably equable and sunny temperament. One of his most engaging characteristics was that he always liked to see the good side of people. We have practically never heard him speak ill of a colleague despite at times the severest provocation. He also had the faculty of co-ordinating the activities of persons of the most diverse temperaments, and this was perhaps what made him the ideal head of a department. Under his benevolent eye, relations between clinicians and pathologists were always of the most cordial. He had a delightful sense of humour and was the most friendly of men. Whatever joint activity he was engaged on, whether seeking out the stricken progeny of the Great Nosterfield Boar or travelling to a meeting of the Pathological Society, or going to a concert, one found him a wonderful companion.

His home and family life formed an important background to his professional career. How much of this success was due to the constant help and encouragement of his wife, Jean, is impossible to assess, but

OBITUAR Y 695

her influence was undoubtedly considerable. The family was a re- markably happy and integrated one, taking special delight in pursuits in which they could all join. The house was always open to col- leagues and friends from all over the world, a fact to which the long list of signatures in the visitors’ book bears eloquent testimony.

No account of Collins’ activities would be complete without reference to his great interest in music. He was a pianist of considerable merit, and amongst one’s happiest memories is that of an evening at his home in Harrogate before the war when another Leeds pathologist, now an eminent Professor of Pathology, arrived with an arrangement for two pianos of Brahms’ Second Piano Concerto. The two of them sat down and sight-read a remarkably efficient and dramatic perform- ance of the whole work. He also played the viola and when in Leeds was, with his wife, a member of a string quartet. In Sheffield they were enthusiastic members of the University Chamber Orchestra, in which they were later joined by their son, Charles (now medically qualified), playing the French horn and occasionally by their daughter, Catherine, on the clarinet. At a recent concert given by this Orchestra, the Mozart Sinfonia Concertante was played as a special tribute to him, and it is a measure of his remarkable influence and popularity that the first violin and viola players of the world-famous Amadeus String Quartet came to this concert to play the solo parts. It was a most moving occasion.

He was a keen and very successful gardener and it was while gardening that he died suddenly on 1st August of last year.

It was rare for him to miss a meeting of the Pathological Society, and to some of us the Society will never again be the same without that tall, white-haired figure with the infectious chuckle.

W. GOLDIE W. A. J. CRANE

Douglas Collins was a man of many parts, so much so that his very real contribution to pathological knowledge seems in retrospect amazing, in view of his active interest in so many other things. He had an enormous capacity for getting things done, but he never seemed to be in a hurry. Over the thirty years that I knew him, I cannot remember a single occasion on which he became agitated, though I can remember times when he had every right to be so. His ability to organise his time and energies to the best advantage is probably more obvious now than it was in his lifetime.

He had an abundant sense of humour, absolutely devoid of malice, and his conversation was full of spontaneous epigrams. Members of the Society will remember his pertinent contributions to discussion, given with a light touch that never somehow concealed their substance, and supported by a fine voice and a felicitous choice of words. In writing also he was a master, and his publications are models of clarity as well as information. He was one of the outstanding pathologists in this country of the last thirty years, and I frequently

696 DOUGLAS HENR Y COLLINS

appealed to him for help-always generously given-on a difficult diagnostic problem, particularly in bone pathology.

He read widely and discerningly, and he was a considerable amateur musician, both as a performer and from his knowledge of musical literature. During the years immediately before the war, we had some interesting experiments in string quartets. Our wives were accomplished violinists, Douglas a competent viola player; I had only recently started attempting to play the viola and was very much a tyro. The trouble was that none of us could play the cello, though we each possessed one. Collins and I took it in turns to ‘‘ play ’’ the cello; the ensemble was probably better when I took this role, and he played the viola, but Douglas found that one could play a cello and continue to smoke a pipe! During the war he gave up smoking, and it is typical of the man that this decision was not accom- panied by any of the restiveness that we have seen in others.

When I joined the Editors of this Journal, there were for a while only three of us, Oakley, Collins and myself. I had to learn the job; the load on the two experienced men was colossal, and their unfailing equanimity marvellous.

None of those who had the privilege of knowing and working with Douglas Collins will fail to retain the memory of a great scientist and doctor, and a delightful friend.

J. W. ORR

When Collins first became associated with the Journal is rather uncertain; according to his own account Matt Stewart, who had just retired and was going off on a world tour, said to him one day “ 1 think you might take over the Journal while I’m away ” and left him without further instruction. When he was appointed Assistant Editor is equally uncertain; Stewart cared little for such trifling distinction as that between working for the Journal and being an Assistant Editor, and did not often bother to regularise the arrange- ments he had made. What is certain is that Collins’ name appears for the first time in the Journal in volume 64, published in 1952. Before that time he had made it clear to me that he would prefer no more responsibility than he had by then acquired; I regarded this as a great joke, as Collins never seemed to find anything difficult, took on all the papers that were offered him and edited them superbly well. In the complex business of getting the Journal up to date he took a very quiet but effective part.

All this became even more obvious to me when I took over the Editorship in 1956, when I found Collins’ equable temperament and capacity for hard work, and his general tendency to regard another job as a joke, of inestimable value. Besides this he wrote and spoke a beautifully clear unaffected English, and seemed to have little difficulty in converting a contributor’s worst prose into something like his own. Many Journal practices are due to him, and most of his ideas about

OBITUARY 697

Journal form have survived. 1 could not have had a better, a more considerate or a more amusing colleague.

By 1959 he was beginning to rind his numerous commitments rather heavy, and had several times rather half-heartedly suggested giving up the Journal. In December 1959 he had his first serious illness, and I thought it only fair to give him the chance of resigning. This he took with a rather touching, delicate regret that made his decision no easier to bear. Since he resigned 1 have often asked his advice, and have always received unstinted help. By his death I have lost a very good friend, for whom I had the utmost respect and affection, and the Society has lost one of its best and most devoted servants.

C. L. OAKLEY

It was with great shock and sorrow that 1 heard of the tragic death of Professor Collins. It was not so long ago that I had the pleasure of being taught my pathology as a student by him. He was greatly admired, respected, and held in considerable esteem by the students in their clinical years. Nobody heard a sharp word or sarcastic comment from him; he radiated friendliness and dignity. He took an active interest in the affairs of the students and was quite recently a very popular honorary president of their society. In that capacity and on many other occasions he entertained freely-always a warm and charming host. As chairman of the weekly clinicopathological conferences at the Infirmary his tact and diplomacy were at their most obvious. He was a good man, of a kind rarely found these days, and his death at such an early age is felt as keenly among those whom he taught as those closer to him.

A. J. BYRON

The tribute by A. .I. B. is reprinted from the British Medical Journal by kind permission of the author and the Editor.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1933 Diabetic lipaemia-the role of the fats in diabetes mellitus, with a description of

the haemolipokrit method for the estimation of fat in the blood-serum. Quart. J. Med., 1933, N.S. 2, 267-279.

Congenital cystic disease of the lungs associated with a giantcell hyperplasia of the lymph-glands. This Journal, 1933, 37, 123-135.

1934-35 E. WYN JONES and D. H. COLLINS. Colloid cyst of the third ventricle associated

with congenital cystic kidneys. J. Neurol. Psychopath., 1934-35, 15, 53-59.

1935 D. H. CoLLrNs and J. H. DIBLE. The method of expressing the silica content

of the lung. J . Hyg. (Camb.), 1935, 35, 64-68.

698 DOUGLAS HENR Y COLLINS

Observations on anaemia in the chronic rheumatic diseases. Lancet, 1935, 2,

The synovial fluid in chronic arthritis. J. State Med., 1935, 43, 652-657. 548-550.

1936 The neutrophil nuclear count in chronic rheumatism with special reference to

osteo-arthritis of the hip. Acfa rheum. scand., 1936, 8, no. 28, pp. 3-7. The pathology of synovial effusions. This Journal, 1936, 42, I 1 3-140.

1936-37 D. H. COLLINS and C. CAMERON. Multiple arthritis in presumably tuberculous

subjects: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Brit. J. Surg., 1936-37, 24, 272-291.

1937 The subcutaneous nodule of rheumatoid arthritis. This Journal, 1937, 45, 97-1 IS. Rheumatism-trauma or infection. J . State Med., 1937, 45, 529-535. Neutrophil leucopenia with enlargement of liver and spleen in rheumatoid arthritis;

with a note on the leucocytic blood picture in chronic rheumatism. Rep. on Chronic Rheum. Dis., 1937, 3, 49-58.

1937-38 Discussion on the effects of physical treatment on the Arneth count and sedimen-

tation rate in rheumatic conditions. Proc. Roy. SOC. Med., 1937-38, 31 324-327.

1938 The peripheral circulation in rheumatism. Harrogate Spa Med. J . , 1938, 1, no. 1,

pp. 8-14. A. WOODMANSEY, D. H. COLLINS and M. M. ERNST. Vascular reactions to the

contrast bath in health and in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet, 1938, 2, 135& 1357.

1938-39 The pathological anatomy of rheumatic fever. Brit. J. Rheum., 1938-39, 1, 88-97. The pathology of osteoarthritis. Brit. J. Rheum., 1938-39, 1, 248-262.

1939 Observations on the pathology of acute rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis.

Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1939, 1, 3845 . D. H. COLLINS, H. J. GIBSON, J. RACE and H. B. SALT. The erythrocyte sedimen-

tation test: a wide-bore tube method using oxalated blood and permitting correction of the result to a standard red-cell volume. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1939, 1, 333-358.

1939-40 D. H. COLLINS, M. M. ERNST and A. WOODMANSEY. The medical uses of the

local contrast bath. Harrogate Spa Med. J. , 193940, 2, no. 1, pp. 4 8 .

1940 D. H. COLLINS and W. GOLDIE. Observations on polyarthritis and on experi-

Fibrositis and infection. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1940, 2, 114-126. mental Erysipelothrix infection of swine. This Journal, 1940, 50, 323-353.

1940-41 T. VIBERT FEARCE and D. H. COLLINS. Cartilaginous turnour of the shaft of the

ulna. Brit. J. Surg., 1940-41, 28, 432-435.

OBITUARY 699

1942 W. S. FLOWERS, D. H. COLLINS and K. H. HARDY. Staphylococcal septicaemia-

two cases treated with sulphathiazole. Lancet, 1942, 1, 470-477.

1945 Arthritis and chronic rheumatism. Practitioner, 1945, 155, 293-299.

1945-46 Notes on the pathology of the thymus glands removed in the surgical treatment

of myasthenia gravis. Proc. Roy. SOC. Med., 194546, 39, 601-603.

1948 D. H. COLLINS and W. McI. ROSE. The nature of anaemia in leukaemia. This

Bullet embolism: a case of pulmonary embolism following the entry of a bullet

Laboratory aids in the diagnosis of rheumatism. Practitioner, 1948, 161, 180-185.

Journal, 1948, 60, 63-74.

into the right ventricle of the heart. This Journal, 1948, 60, 205-210.

1949 D. H. COLLINS and W. R. HENDERSON. A case of intradural spinal lipoma. This

Discussion on the significance of pathological tests in rheumatic disease. Proc.

The pathology of articular and spinal diseases, 1949, London.

Journal, 1949, 61, 227-231.

Roy. SOC. Med., 1949, 42, 731-733.

1950 A. C. BINGOLD and D. H. COLLINS. Hallux rigidus. J . Bone Jt Surg., 1950, 32B,

Osteophytosis of the spine. Univ. Leeds Med. Mag., 1950, 20, 87-91. 214-222.

1951 W. GOLDIE and D. H. COLLINS. Experimental erysipelothrix arthritis in rabbits.

Haemosiderosis and haemochromatosis of synovial tissues. J. Bone Jt Surg.,

The pathogenesis of gout and gouty arthritis. Proc. Roy. SOC. Med., 1951, 44,

E. C. ALLIBONE and D. H. COLLINS. Symptomatic haemolytic anaemia associated

This Journal, 1951, 63, 551-552.

1951,33B, 436-441.

288-289.

with ovarian teratoma in a child. J. Clin. Path., 1951, 4, 412420.

1952 The pathologic distinction between osteoarthritis and osteophytosis of the spine.

American Rheumatism Association: Rheumatic diseases. Based on the Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Rheumatic Diseases, ed. by C. H. Slocumb, 1952, pp. 127-128.

The range of pathologic reactions which can be displayed by human synovial tissues-a contribution to the study of specific lesions. American Rheumatism Association: Rheumatic diseases. Based on the Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Rheumatic Diseases, ed. by C. H. Slocumb, 1952. pp. 317-318.

1953 Structural changes around nails and screws in human bones. This Journal, 1953,

65, 109-121.

700 DOUGLAS HENRY COLLINS

D. H. COLLINS and H. S. SHUCKSMITH. Tuberculosis of parotid adenolymphoma and of lymph glands incorporating salivary ducts. ~ This Jorrrnal, ~ 1953, 66, 399405.

Structural changes around metallic and plastic appliances in human bones. Proc.

Osteoarthritis. J. Bone Jt Surg., Editorial, 1953, 35B, 518-520. The value of histological biopsy in the diagnosis of arthritis and rheumatic diseases.

1954

ROY. SOC. Med., 1953, 46, 646-647.

Brasil-MPd., 1953, 67, 559-564.

Tissue changes in human femurs containing plastic appliances. J. Bone Jt Surg.,

J. T. INGRAM and D. H. COLLINS. Familial benign chronic pemphigus (Hailey- 1954, MB, 458463.

Hailey). Acta derni.-renereol., 1954, 34, 281-292.

1955 Recent advances in the pathology of chronic arthritis and rheumatic disorders.

D. H. COLLINS and J. M. WINN. Focal Paget’s disease of the skull (osteoporosis

The provinces of pathology. Inaugural Lecture, Univ. Sheffield, 1955.

Postgrad. Med. J., 1955, 31, 602-608.

circumscripta). This Journal, 1955, 69, 1-9.

1956 Paget’s disease of bone-incidence and subclinal forms. Lancet, 1956, 2, 51-57. W. GOLDIE and D. H. COLLINS. Erysipelothrix arthritis in rabbits: experimental

induction and the response to cortisone. This Journal, 1956, 71, 425-439.

1957 R. C. CURRAN and D. H. COLLINS. Mucopolysaccharides in fields of intra-

membranous ossification in man. This Journal, 1957, 74, 207-214. Contemporary research on the pathology of rheumatic disease reviewed in the

light of 100 years of cellular pathology. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1957, 16, 290-295. Discussion on rheumatoid disease. Proc. Roy. SOC. Med., 1957, 50, 471-472.

1958

lungs and bronchiolar carcinoma. This Journal, 1958, 76, 531-540. ~

1958, Suppl. 341, pp. 5-10.

D. H. COLLINS, C. S. DARKE and 0. G. DODGE.

Is there a pathological definition of rheumatoid arthritis?

Scleroderma with honeycomb

Acta med. scand.,

1959 How dust causes diseases. Brit. Cerarnics Res. Assoc. Spec. Publ., no. 23, 1959. Degenerative diseases. In Modern trends in diseases of the vertebral column,

ed. by R. Nassim and H. J. Burrows, London, 1959, pp. 101-124. D. H. COLLINS and R. C. CURRAN. Pathological ossification and osseous meta-

plasia in man. In Modern trends in pathology, ed. by D. H. Collins, London, 1959, pp. 3W334.

1960 Dysplasias and false tumours of bone. Trans. Lirerpool Med. Institution, 1960,

The preparation of bone for diagnostic histology. Assoc. Clin. Path., Broadsheet no. 2, N.S.

T. F. MCELLIGOTT and D. H. COLLINS. Chondrocyte function of human articular and costal cartilage compared by measuring the in vitro uptake of labelled (35s) sulphate. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1960, 19, 31-41.

pp. 75-76.

OBITUARY 70 1

D. H. COLLINS and T. F. MCELLIGOTT. Sulphate (3sS04) uptake by chondrocytes in relation to histological changes in osteo-arthritic human articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1960,19, 318-330.

1961 R . A. CALDWELL and D. H. COLLINS. Assessment of vertebral osteoporosis

by radiographic and chemical methods post-mortem. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1961, 43B, 346-361.

D. H. COLLINS and G. MEACHIM. Sulphate (35so4) fixation by human articular cartilage compared in the knee and shoulder joints. Ann. Rheimz. Dis., 1961,

W. J. SHARRARD and D. H. COLLINS. The fate of human decalcified bone grafts. 20, 117-121.

Proc. Roy. SOC. Med., 1961,54, 1101-1 102.

1%2 G. MEACHIM and D. H. COLLINS. Cell counts of normal and osteoarthritic articular

cartilage in relation to the uptake of sulphate (35so4) in vitro. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1962, 21, 45-49.

J. P. CALEY, E. E. JONES and D. H. COLLINS. Fatal recurrence of parathyroid carcinoma after seven years. J. Clin. Purh., 1962, 15, 438-445.

1964 D. H. COLLINS and KATHARINE M. CAMERON. Interstitial-cell tumour. In The

pathology of testicular turnours, ed. by D. H. Collins and R. C. B. hgh . Brit. J . Urol., 1964, 36, Suppl., pp. 62-69.

D. H. COLLINS and R. C. B. PUGH. Classification and frequency of testicular tumours. [bid., pp. 1-1 1.

D. H. COLLINS and T. SYMINGTON. Sertoli-cell tumour. Zbid., pp. 52-61.

1965 G . MEACHIM, F. N. GHADIALLY and D. H. COLLINS. Regressive changes in the

superficial layer of human articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1965, 24,

D. H. COLLINS, F. N. GHADIALLY and G. MEACHIM. Intra-cellular lipids of

F. N. GHADIALLY, G. MEACHIM and D. H. COLLINS. Extracellular lipid in the

23-30.

cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1965, 24, 123-135.

matrix of human articular cartilage. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1965, 24, 136-146.

frattcfe 'IRicharb $raeer 14 February 1885-2 October 1964

PLATE CC

FRANCIS RICHARD FRASER, the tenth child of Sir Thomas R. Fraser, M.D.(Edin.), F.R.C.P.E., F.R.S., Professor of Materia Medica and of Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, and President of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh (1 900-02), and Susanna Margaret, daughter of the Rev. R. Duncan, was born in Edinburgh on 14 Feb. 1885. Sir Thomas Fraser discovered physostigmine in Calabar bean in 1864, and was the author of a classical treatise embodying his

I. PATH. BACT.-VOL. 90 (1965) 2Y