double parking system design

Higher College Of Technology

Mechanical Double Parking System

June 4

2012 By Khalid Alhosani Mubarak Alsuwaidi Tariq Aljanahi Waleed Alyafaie [email protected] Sager Almasabi

Double Parking System for: Mechanical Engineering Design MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan

http://www.google.ae/imgres?hl=ar&biw=1024&bih=622&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=WGBZLMlSucZw2M:&imgrefurl=http://crm.hct.ac.ae/marketing/logo.htm&docid=cEZNt4TbYdrZ8M&imgurl=http://crm.hct.ac.ae/marketing/images/sheild_col.gif&w=300&h=339&ei=o_zMT8LdLMe2hQfRsNXCDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=2&vpy=153&dur=701&hovh=239&hovw=211&tx=84&ty=131&sig=101848528332161412151&page=1&tbnh=123&tbnw=109&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:115

Mechanical Double Parking System 2012

MECH N450 Dr. Yw Chan | HCT, Abu Dhabi

2

`

1 Contents 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 5

3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Project management design ................................................................................................................. 6

4.1 Business Model ............................................................................................................................. 6

4.2 Operation Model ........................................................................................................................... 6

4.3 Scope of statement ....................................................................................................................... 7

4.4 Project Objective: .......................................................................................................................... 7

4.5 Deliverables ................................................................................................................................... 7

4.6 Milestones ..................................................................................................................................... 7

4.7 Technical requirements ................................................................................................................ 7

4.8 Limits and exclusions .................................................................................................................... 8

4.9 Customer review ........................................................................................................................... 8

4.10 Priority Matrix ............................................................................................................................... 9

4.11 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9

4.12 Time-constrain ............................................................................................................................ 10

4.13 Scope-enhance ............................................................................................................................ 10

4.14 Cost-accept ................................................................................................................................. 10

4.15 Stakeholders register .................................................................................................................. 11

4.16 Work breakdown structure ......................................................................................................... 12

4.17 WBS Dictionary ........................................................................................................................... 13

4.18 Time Estimation Technique ........................................................................................................ 16

4.19 Resource requirements ............................................................................................................... 19

4.19.1 People ................................................................................................................................. 19

4.19.2 Nonperson resources .......................................................................................................... 20

4.20 Communication plan ................................................................................................................... 22

4.21 Change Management .................................................................................................................. 23

4.21.1 Process ................................................................................................................................ 23

4.22 Risk management ........................................................................................................................ 24



3

4.22.1 Getting the list of risks that can happen ............................................................................. 24

4.22.2 Assign likelihood and impact .............................................................................................. 25

4.22.3 Risk response matrix ........................................................................................................... 26

4.23 Risk Suavity matrix ...................................................................................................................... 27

4.24 Quality Management Plan .......................................................................................................... 28

4.25 Human Resource Plan ................................................................................................................. 29

5 Types automated parking system ....................................................................................................... 30

5.1 Two Step Car Parking System ...................................................................................................... 30

5.2 Puzzle Car Parking System .......................................................................................................... 31

5.3 Stacker Car Parking System ......................................................................................................... 31

5.4 Multi Level Cart Parking System ................................................................................................. 32

5.5 Level Parking System ................................................................................................................... 32

6 Project phases ..................................................................................................................................... 32

6.1 Block diagram .............................................................................................................................. 32

6.2 Dictionary for the project phases ............................................................................................... 33

6.2.1 Phase1: Initiating................................................................................................................. 33

6.2.2 Phase 2: Planning ................................................................................................................ 34

6.2.3 Phase 3 - Executing ............................................................................................................. 35

7 Conceptual Design .............................................................................................................................. 36

7.1 Design Requirement ................................................................................................................... 36

7.2 Different design models .............................................................................................................. 37

Frame models ..................................................................................................................................... 37

7.3 Lifting method ............................................................................................................................. 39

7.4 Operation System ....................................................................................................................... 40

7.5 Driving motor type ...................................................................................................................... 41

7.6 Morphological Chart ................................................................................................................... 42

7.7 Principle of operation ................................................................................................................. 44

8 Embodiment design ............................................................................................................................ 45

8.1 Primary sub-system..................................................................................................................... 45

8.2 Auxiliary components ................................................................................................................. 46

9 Calculations ......................................................................................................................................... 47



4

9.1 Calculating the torque required by the motor............................................................................ 47

9.2 Area calculation: ......................................................................................................................... 53

System path: ....................................................................................................................................... 55

Straight path: ...................................................................................................................................... 56

9.3 Distance Required: ...................................................................................................................... 57

9.4 Structure analysis ........................................................................................................................ 57

10 Frame selection and sizing .............................................................................................................. 58

11 Motor selection ............................................................................................................................... 59

11.1 Rubber stand ............................................................................................................................... 60

11.2 Cable and pulley sizing ................................................................................................................ 60

11.2.1 Cable sizing .......................................................................................................................... 62

11.3 Stretch or Elasticity ..................................................................................................................... 63

12 References ...................................................................................................................................... 66



5

2 Abstract

Due to the increase in the number of vehicles on the road, traffic problems are bound

to exist. This is due to the fact that the current transportation infrastructure and car park facility

developed are unable to cope with the influx of vehicles on the road. To alleviate the

aforementioned problems, the smart card parking system has been developed. With the

implementation of the parking system, patrons can easily locate and secure a vacant parking

space at any car park deemed convenient to them. Here in UAE and especially inside Abudhai

city a significant growth in many life sector lead highly expansion in population as a result of

that, a raped increase in cars number that used. The thought of alternative method for car parking

is caused by that exciting parking area provided is not enough to handle that growth in cars

number.

3 Introduction

The number of cars on roads is increasing continuously and rapidly from the recent years;

unfortunately most parking spaces did not increase as the cars did ending up with endless

parking problems. As mechanical engineering students, we hope that our contribution finds

acceptance in solving this problem that is really complicated in our country.

Automated Car Parking is a method of automatically parking and retrieving cars that

typically use a system of pallets and lifts. The intention is to compact more cars in the same

space, reduce the space needed to park the same number of cars. Automated car parks can be

situated above or below ground or a combination of both.

As the system removes the need for driveways and ramps, the floor area and the volume

of the parking station itself can be more efficiently used .Automated parking systems can be

designed to fit above or below ground, allowing for flexible usage of land space; this means the

footprint can be reduced to one-third of the land required by conventional car parking solutions.

Cost effective on a number of fronts, Automated parking systems are about making the best use

of available space above and below ground. With less environment impact and time impact,



6

reduced opportunities for theft and vandalism and real cost benefits, automatic parking is the

new watchword in urban planning .There is an overwhelming need for these systems because of

increasing traffic. These systems can be integrated with in consumer based electronic devices.

The individual components are installed inside this structure for its operation.

In our project, we have given a finished project design about double parking system. We

have been asked to build this project. We don’t really know whether the project will success or

not. We have tried to build it but it wasn’t work because the platform wasn’t straight what it

moves. In this case, we have designed new double parking system that has better mechanical

movement and more safety. It also ensures smooth movement and straight platform movement.

With this system, we are sure that it will increase the capacity of parking areas inside Abu Dhabi.

4 Project management design

4.1 Business Model

Abu Dhabi has idea to increase the parking areas by making a building that has only

parking for cars. This is good idea. However, the costs of making building are very expensive. It

need a lot of time to return the budget. The ministry of transportation has significant interest on

solutions to the car parking problems. They will study the project after it finish and will decide

whether it is acceptable and useful in Abu Dhabi.

4.2 Operation Model

The double parking system is only useful in open areas. That’s because on building, it will

take more height which takes more space so it’s not very useful. The double parking system will

not be operated by the drivers. Therefore, there will be trained parking service supervisor to

operate and park the cars to ensure more safety because we can’t rely on customers.



7

4.3 Scope of statement

4.4 Project Objective:

To build up a prototype of double parking system with a budget of $2000 in 15 weeks.

4.5 Deliverables

1. Main frame

2. Platform

3. Control system

4. Integration

5. Documentation

4.6 Milestones

1. Selection project design up to February 22.

2. Drawing and Calculation Feb 5

3. Build up at Apr 4

4. Testing at Apr 12

5. Report and presentation Apr 12

4.7

Technical requirements

1. The scale design with in 1:10.

2. The car weight should be uniformly disturbance on the plate form.



8

3. Parking system should be independent and run automatically.

4. Quantifiable parameters such as maximum dimension and weights.

5. Providing sketches with technical details.

4.8 Limits and exclusions

1. The model car should have height, length and width of 30 cm, 50 cm and 25 cm

respectively.

2. Maximum weight that parking system can withstand is 5 kg.

3. The model design should be made so that it can be fixed without changing existence

floor.

4. Parking system should be only in open area.

5. Upper cars should be parallel to the floor service

6. It shouldn’t make pollution

7. It must not touch the ground or change anything of it.

4.9 Customer review Dr Yu chan and Dr Shakib



9

4.10 Priority Matrix

4.11 Summary One of the courses requires us to build a mechanical parking system. The number of the cars

is increasing in Abu Dhabi and this will make the roads busy and not so many parking areas are

available. As mechanical engineering students, we are seeking to solve this kind of problem in

our country. The main objective of this project is to redesign and build a mechanical parking

system to get rid of the problem in Abu Dhabi. The idea is about having a system that lift a car

above another car. It’s like two cars above each other. As you can see from (table 1), we will

analysis from project management prospect.

Time Performance Cost

Constrain

Enhance

Accept

Table 1, priority of matrix



10

4.12 Time-constrain

As this project is one of my courses requirements, we as a group must finish it on week 15,

otherwise we can’t success this course and we can’t graduate. We even only have two hours

weekly just to build the project. Two hours are not enough to build a serious project. Therefore,

we decided to work in our free time. The project is not real big project, it’s only prototype.

However, it needs a lot of work such as welding which will take long time.

4.13 Scope-enhance

As I said above, we will redesign the project. Our teacher gave us a completed mechanical

parking system design that has been made 3 years ago by HCT students and he told us to build

it. However, not any documents design can be built. We are not sure that this design will work.

We can only be sure when we build it and check whether it works or not. We have decided to

build a toy-type, even smaller than prototype just to check the performance. It appeared that

this project should have a lot of editing and it should be enhanced and redesigned. The given

design wasn’t successful so we redesigned completely.

4.14 Cost-accept

The frame of the project is consisting of normal materials and it doesn’t have a lot of pieces.

The only parts that will costs are the motors that will lift the car to up and move the car down

to the ground. Beside, most the materials we need are in the mechanical workshop in higher

college of technology as well as the final project will be small as a prototype not the actual one.

In short, the project itself will not cost a lot of money so it doesn’t need strong budget.

Therefore, we accept any amount of money.



11

4.15 Stakeholders register

Project Name:

Double Parking System Date: 2/6/2012

Project Phase:

Execution

Name of Stakeholder

Designation Department Role in Project

Type of stakeholder

Type of communication

Expectation Influence on project outcome

Dr. Yiu Chan Supervisor Mechanical Engineering Department

Supervising External Weekly Meeting Successful Building

Influencer

Mohammed Ameen

Assistant Mechanical workshop

Supporter Internal Daily Meetings Good Measurement

Supporter

Faisal Assistant Mechanical workshop

Supporter Internal Daily Meetings Good Welding Supporter

Khalid Alhosani

Team Leader

Mechanical Engineering

Fabrication, Driving gears assemble

Internal Daily Meetings To solve lack of parking inside Abu Dhabi city

Influencer

Mubarak Alsuwaidi

Team Member


Building the frame

internal Daily Meetings Good Designing

Influencer

Tariq janahi Team Member


Design Calculation

Internal Daily Meetings The project won’t success

Influencer

Sager Almusabi

Team Member


Selection and Sizing

Internal Daily Meetings It will provide us good experience

Influencer

Waleed Alyafaie

Team Member


Building the frame

Internal Daily Meetings Good quality project

Influencer

Table 2, stakeholders register that shows all the people who are involved in the project and their information



12

4.15.1 Work breakdown structure

Table 3, this shows the wbs of the project.



13

Level Tasks

1 Mechanical Car Parking System 2 Select project

design Design details Build and

fabrication Testing Report and

presentation 3 Analyze design

structure AutoCAD drawings

Build Frame Operation testing

Prepare report hard

copy 4 Selecting frame

model Design

calculation Build platform Adjustment

and correction Power point presentation

5 Parking dimension

Driving gears selection

Solo test

6 Structure drawing

Monitoring and control

Test with load

7 Force analyses 8 Material

selection

Table 4, further information of the network

4.16 WBS Dictionary

1-Mechanical packing system:

The main project name and the desired product

1.1-selecting project design:

Select the main concept of the project and method to be use to operate project. By seeing the

excising car parking project, we have to select suitable method for the project.

1.1.1- Analyze design structure:

See what is required for fabricating such a project after doing calculation, also to

make plane for the Building

1.1.2- Selecting frame model:

Select the frame shape that best suit for the project, depend on size and

performance.

1.1.3- Parking dimension:

Measure the existing parking size and see the required space for commune cars

size

1.1.4- Structure drawing:

Make hand sketches to have an idea about project concept including the main

parts



14

1.1.5- Force analysis:

Use software and calculation to see must critical points where high load will be

applied during the normal operation, in order to select material

1.1.6- Material selection:

After doing analyzing and calculation material selection for the main frame parts

and movable parts strong enough to handle car weight.

1.2. Design details:

Contained the design specification such as size, drawings and calculation the force

analyses

1.2.1- AutoCAD drawing:

Include all drawing that will be used in building and analyses

1.2.2- Design Calculation:

Calculate and estimate the material, Cost and time required for desirables

1.3. Building and fabrication

Include construct and make the system main part and assemly

1.3.1- Build the frame:

Build the main frame for the project deepened selected frame shape and

drawings.

1.3.2- Build the platform:

Build the movable platform that will carry upper car

1.3.3- Driving gears selection:

Select best suit and easy way to drive the movement of the system ( using cable

or hydraulic system)

1.3.4- Fabricate and buy required part:

Buy required items from local market such as rolling bearing and pulleys and

also fabricate the not founded item using available material and facility in the

workshop.

1.3.5- Painting :

Paint the main parts of the project using yellow and black color.

1.3.6- Attached and assembly:

Box up and assembly all system parts and make the system ready to be tested.

1.4. Testing:

Test the performance of the system’s operation.



15

1.4.1- Operation Testing:

See how smooth is the operation of the system and make note on required

correction

1.4.2- Adjustments and correction:

Apply adjustment that can enhance the performance of the operation such as

changeling the position of pulley and speed of the driving motor

1.4.3- Solo test :

After finale tuning for the operation, test without load has to e done to make

sure that the operation is smooth

1.4.4- Test with load:

Load the system with demo weight that estimated in the calculation and see if

the system able to handle it .

1.5. Report and presentation:

1.5.1-1. Prepare report hard copy :

Include all the written data and analysis done while preparation for the

project, method used in selection operation concept and material

selection

1.5.1-2. Prepare P.P presentation

Prepare power point presentation that explain about all the processes

of the project



16

4.17 Time Estimation Technique The following table shows the total duration of each task individually and as millstone in days

and hours. Also it include the total duration of the project.

Tasks duration Days Total hours

1-Mechanical packing system:( total)

69 323


14 48


2 7


2 7


2 7


3 10


2 7


3 10

1.2. Design details:

14 49


8 28


6 21


22 114

1.3.1- Build the frame:

3 10


2 6


2 6


6 36

1.3.5- Painting :

4 20


7 42

1.4. Testing:

8 45



17


2 12


3 18

1.4.3- Solo test :

1 3


2 12


9 54


4 24


5 30

Table 5, it is the time estimate figures.

Cost Estimate

Tasks Cost ($)

1-Mechanical packing system:( total)

2000


200


36


68


14


14


18


50

1.2. Desing details:

200


150


50


1000

1.3.1- Build the frame: 20



18


30


200


600

1.3.5- Painting :

100


50

1.4. Testing:

300


50


100

1.4.3- Solo test :

100


50


300


150


150

Table 6, it shows the cost estimate for all the project parts.



19

4.18 Resource requirements

After we have indentified the activities involved in the double parking system, we need

to determine the sequence of these activities and the possible resources that needed to

accomplish our project. There are a lot of resources such as people, material and other supplies.

4.18.1 People

WBS Activity Skills

needed Name of person

Skills level Deliverable Effort days

Start date

End date

Cost

1.2.1 Soft copy of drawing

Auto Cad Sager Intermediate Project drawing

8 Feb 2 Mar 5 $150

1.3.1 Build up the frame

Welding and

mechanical work

Waleed Intermediate Project Frame

3 Mar 6 Mar 8 $20

1.2.2 Design calculation

Design experience

Khalid Expert Project design

6 Feb 23

Mar 1 $50

1.3.3 Driving gears selection

Experience in driving

gears

Mubarak Expert Proper driving gears

2 Mar 9 Mar 12 $200

1.3 Fabrication and buy required material

Project experience

Tariq Expert Proper material

and good fabrication

6 13 Mar

Mar 20 $600

Table 7, it shows the ( people) which is an example of resource requirements.

The (table 7) goes beyond simply matching activities and skills. It also contains columns for the

names of the people who will execute an activity, their skills level, the deliverable that they are

expected to produce, the date on which they can start and finish, and their cost.



20

4.18.2 Nonperson resources

4.18.2.1 Nonperson availability sheet

WBS Activity Resource needed Duration

(day)

Date (s) needed

4.1 AutoCad design - Computer

- AutoCad software

8 23/2 to 5/3

4.2 Project Poster Poster software

Foam board

4 11 June

4.3 Project

presentation

- Meeting room with

computer connected

to projector

1 16 June

Table 8, this is an example of resource requirements which is the nonperson resources.



21



22

4.19 Communication plan

Communication

Type

Objective of

Communication

Medium Frequency Audience Owner Deliverable

Kickoff

Meeting

Introduce the

project team and

the project.

Review project

objectives and

management

approach.

Face to Face Once Project Sponsor

Project Team

Stakeholders

Project

Manager

Agenda

Meeting

Minutes

Project Team

Meetings

Review status of

the project with

the team.

Face to Face

Conference Call

Weekly Project Team Project

Manager

Agenda

Meeting

Minutes

Technical

Design

Meetings

Discuss and

develop

technical design

solutions for the

project.

Face to Face As Needed Project Technical

Staff

Technical

Lead

Agenda

Meeting

Minutes

Monthly

Project Status

Meetings

Report on the

status of the

project to

management.

Face to Face

Conference Call

Monthly Project Team

Project Supporters

Project

Manager

Project Status

Report

Project Status

Reports

Report the status

of the project

including

activities,

progress, costs

and issues.

Email Monthly Project Sponsor

Project Team

Stakeholders

Project

Manager

Project Status

Report

Table 9, communication requirements for this project.



23

4.20 Change Management

4.20.1 Process

The process of making the first design was failed. As I said before, the platform wasn’t

straight whenever it moves. Therefore, we moved to another design and modified it in better

way. After that, we found that the movement is smooth and the platform was leveled.

Expected effects after that change:

1. Increase the working times hours because we need to start again new design.

2. Buy new material for the new design.

3. Draw new AutoCad design for the new idea.

4. The budget has been increased after the change because a lot of pieces have been added to the

project.

4.20.1.1 Change request log

Owner requested change status report-open item

RC# Description Reference document

Date REC’D Date Submit Amount Status Comments

1 Triangle arm should be changed

Owner request

Feb 15 6 Apr $200 Approved It will fix the leveling

2 Dimension of parking system frame

Owner request

Feb 8 Apr 6 $50 Approved New design require new dimension

3 Salem left the group

Owner request

Mar 3 Mar 3 $200 open No comment

4 Adjust torque provided by driving motor

Owner request

May 1 May 4 $400 Approved Enhance the operation

5 Change Location of guiding pulley

Owner request

May 6 May 7 $10 Approved Lowering the load on motor

6 Add tensioner Owner request

May 8 May 12 $80 Approved Keep Cable tension in standby mode

Table 10, it shows any changes during the project and its information.



24

4.21 Risk management The following chart illustrates sequence use to do risk management.

Table 11, risk management procedure.

4.21.1 Getting the list of risks that can happen

1. Time not long enough.

2. Late delivery for part.

3. Concept of project not applicable.

4. Shortage in men power.

5. Short circuit during operation.

6. Fabricated parts not fit in place.

7. System unable to handle load.

8. Defect on one of moving part while operating.

1-Getting the list

2-Assign likelihood

and impact

3-Risk response

matrix

4- Risk Suavity matrix



25

4.21.2 Assign likelihood and impact

The score from 5 where 5 represent high and 1 is low.

Table 12(Risk assessment Form)

Risk Event Likelihood Impact Detection difficulty

when

Time not long enough

4 5 1 Post install

Late delivery for parts

1 3 1 Post install

Concept of project not applicable

3 2 4 operation

Shortage in men power

3 1 5 Post installing

Short circuit During operation

1 1 4 operation

Fabricated parts not fit in place

3 3 2 Installing

System unable to handle load

3 4 1 Operation Test

Defect on one of moving part while operating

2 3 5 operation



26

4.21.3 Risk response matrix

Risk Event Response Contingent plan Trigger Who is Responsible

Time not long enough

Try to extend working hours

Carry out long tasks in outside garage

Delay of planed schedule

Procurement group+ team leader

Late delivery for parts

Follow up the request of purchasing order

Deal with more than one supplier

Unable to provide required parts in time

Procurement group

Concept of project not applicable

Make study and analysis on paper to see opportunity of any concept if it work

Use software program to analyze the operation

Still conflict exist Building group

Shortage in men power

Try to Balance the resource leveling

Request assistance from external resources

If available resources unable to finish task on time

Team leader

Short circuit During operation

Provide over current breaker(fuse)

Additional power circuit source

If the fuse is burned at starting

operation group


Do small correction by hand tools

Re machine the parts

If the parts didn’t work even after hand tool correction

Building group


Try to increase the voltage of the motor

Try to modify the driving gears

Increase of the voltage didn’t serve the propose

Building group+ operation group

Defect on one of moving part while operating

Provide extra spare part for the project

Correct the cause of the problem

If the problem happen frequently

Operation group

Table 13(Risk response matrix)



27

4.22 Risk Suavity matrix

Red zone (major risk)

Yellow zone (Moderate risk)

Green zone (Minor risk)

Table 14( Risk suavity Matrix)

Like

liho

od

5

4 Time not long enough

3 Concept of project not applicable



2 Defect on one of moving part while operating

1 Short circuit During operation

Late delivery for parts + Shortage in men power

Score 1 2 3 4 5

Impact



28

4.23 Quality Management Plan

Factor Description

Product Factors Accessibility That ability of authorized users to access parking system

whenever and wherever they need access. Correctness The extent to which parking system satisfies its

specifications and fulfils the user’s objectives. Efficiency The extent to which parking system performs its intended

function with a minimum consumption of computing resources.

Expandability The ease with which parking system can be modified to add functionality. Also the ability of the system to process increasing volumes of data without noticeable fluctuations in performance.

Integrity The extent to which parking system safeguards against unauthorized access to or modification of software or data.

Interoperability The ability of parking system to exchange information with double parking system and to mutually use the information that has been exchanged.

Maintainability The extent to which the parking system components can be maintained over their expected useful life.

Portability The extent to which parking system can be transferred to new operating environments, hardware platforms and operating systems.

Presentability The extent to which the aesthetic (visual and artistic) qualities of parking system present the desired image.

Profitability The ability of parking system to positively impact the productivity and profitability of ministry of transportation, or HCT, or double parking system.

Reliability The ability of parking system to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time.

Reusability The extent to which modules of code can be used in multiple applications.

Usability The extent to which the functional components delivered by parking system are understandable and applicable by the end-users.

Process Factors Financial Performance

The extent to which parking system meets its financial targets.

Timeliness The extent to which parking system is delivered in a timeframe which meets parking system’s requirements.

Resource Effectiveness

The extent to which the optimal resources are assigned to parking system to ensure quality, on-time delivery.

Future Business Potential

The extent to which Ministry of Transportation is likely to provide a positive reference to other potential customers

Table 15, quality management plan



29

4.24 Human Resource Plan

Project

Manager

Design

Engineers

Implementation

Manager

Training

Leads

Functional

Managers

Department

Managers

Requirements

Gathering

A R R C C I

Coding Design A R C I I

Coding Input A R C I

Software

Testing

A R C I I

Network

Preparation

A C R I I

Implementation A C R C C C

Conduct

Training

A R C C

Table 16, human resource management

Key:

R – Responsible for completing the work.

A – Accountable for ensuring task completion/sign off.

C – Consulted before any decisions are made.

I – Informed of when an action/decision has been made.



30

5 Types automated parking system The following is a list of existing system that is mainly used in urban area.

Two step car parking system.

Puzzle Car Parking System.

Stacker System.

Multi Level Cart Parking System.

Level Car Parking System.

5.1 Two Step Car Parking System Features:

1-Pallet used for CAR lifting.

2-Applicable for In-Door & Out- Door.

3-Easy to install.

4-Preferred system at residential zones& commercial too.

5-Easy to operate.

6-Low maintenance cost.

7-Operating System is available with both the options Hydraulic &

Electro-mechanical.

Figure 1 Two step parking system

http://paricarparking.com/types_of_systems/puzzle_system.php

http://paricarparking.com/types_of_systems/stacker_system.php

http://paricarparking.com/types_of_systems/multi_level.php

http://paricarparking.com/types_of_systems/level_parking_system.php



31

5.2 Puzzle Car Parking System

Features:

1-Can be installed above ground & Below ground level.

2-Two layer puzzle is always preferred.

3-Preferred system especially for underground.

4-Low maintenance cost.

5-Most efficient system can be achieved through combinations

of units & functions.

6-One empty slot is the key for the working.

7-Single Set, Double set Front and back systems connected to

monolithic steel structure with multi in – outs.

5.3 Stacker Car Parking System

Features:

1-Quick In Out by simultaneously moving and lifting the

cart while the vehicle wheel is lifted without the pallet.

2-Under ground big parking system can be installed.

3-Parking room is built using the concrete slab structure.

4-Strong and easy to maintain.

5-Lift can be installed along the entry module.

Figure 2 puzzle parking system

Figure 3 Stacker parking system



32

5.5 Level Parking System

Features:

1-Used for large buildings and for superior space

efficiency.

2-Addition to multi level parking spaces with vertical

and horizontal directions to facilitate the entry & exits

of cars.

3-Operating systems are: lift, side sliding, pallet.

6 Project phases

6.1 Block diagram The following Block diagram ( fig 1) illustrate phases of a project in sequence.

5.4 Multi Level Cart Parking System Features:

1-Can be installed Underground or out-doors

2-Approx. 60 -70 cars per lift can be accommodated

3-System types Transfer type, longitudinal type, hydraulic type, wire

rope type

4-Reduced In Out time for Car

5-Turn table parking gives more flexibility to system

6-Operating systems are main Lift, Cart, Pallet

Figure 4 multi level parking system

Figure 5 level parking system



33

Figure 6 phases of a project

6.2 Dictionary for the project phases

6.2.1 Phase1: Initiating

Recognize the project should be done.

Determine what the project should accomplish .

Define the overall project goal.

Define general expectations of customers, management,

or other stakeholders as appropriate.

Define the general project scope.

Select initial members of the project team.

Phase 1

• Initiating

phase 2 • Planning

phase 3 • Execution

phase 4 • Controling and Testing

phase 5 • Closing



34

6.2.2 Phase 2: Planning

Refining the project scope.

Listing tasks and activities.

Optimally Sequencing activities.

Developing a working schedule and budget for assigning resources.

Getting the plan approved by stakeholders.



35

6.2.3 Phase 3 - Executing

1 Leading the team.

2 Meeting with team members.

3 Communicating with stakeholders.

4 Fire-fighting to resolve problems.

5 Securing necessary resources to complete the project plan.

Phase 4 - Controlling

Monitoring deviation from the plan.

Taking corrective action to match actual progress with the plan.

Receiving and evaluating project changes requested.

Rescheduling the project as necessary.

Adapting resource levels as necessary.

Changing the project scope.

Returning to the planning stage.

Phase 5 - Closing

Acknowledging achievement and results.

Shutting down the operations and disbanding the team.

Learning from the project experience.

Reviewing the project process and outcomes.

Writing a final project report.



36

7 Conceptual Design

7.1 Design Requirement

Create more saleable space by using Robotic Parking Systems

Space gained can be used for green space and open areas to meet LEED

standards

Delivers faster retrieval times than other automated garages or ramp-style

parking

The Car parking System offers security for both individual and car

The design of a system gives users premium valet service without the valet

Automatic parking reduces CO2 emissions and other pollutants and greenhouse

gases

Flexible design allows the automated parking garage to fit into any

neighborhood or project

The Systems should relieve traffic congestion



37

7.2 Different design models

Frame models

Frame name Description picture

1. Front Over

hanged System

*The load supported only from front causing high Bending stress on the front Beam (safety issue) * To descend the upper platform ,the parking beneath must not occupied .

2. 4 leg jack left *The load is uniformly

distributed *To descend the upper platform, the parking beneath must not occupied. * it is very safe method for carrying load since the force divided on four leg .

3. Over hanged

parallel

*The load is only supported from one side causing high Bending stress on the Side Beam (safety issue) *To descend the upper platform, the parking beneath must not occupied.

4. Puzzle Lifts *The load is uniformly distributed on four Beams. * The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. * It need 3 parking space to made extra parking for two cars *very complicated

Table 17, it shows different types of operations.



38

Frame name Description picture 5. Multi level Tower

System

* It need 3 parking space to made extra parking for two cars *Although the platform is hanged from one side, the load on middle beam is balanced because of opposed car * It need only 2 parking space to made extra parking for 7 cars(total 9) *very complicated * The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied.

6. Independent

Access Parkers

With frame

* The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. *The load is uniformly distributed on fixed frame * minor stress on lifting arm

7. Independent Swing

parking ,pivoted

from front

* The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. * The car are not horizontal all the time (safety issue) *It required excavation job lower than flour level which will effect existence utility line *very complicated

8. Underground

Multi level system

* The upper platform can descend even if, the parking beneath is occupied. *It required excavation job lower than flour level which will effect existence utility line * It need one parking space to made extra parking for two cars *very complicated



39

7.3 Lifting method The advantage of this method is more than one car can e handle in the same time, Also it will reduce the load acting on the driving motor when it use other care as counter wait .However This method required more space

This system is simple and required only to concern about arm movement for operation. However, Positional hazard is there when the car move to critical angle during landing and lifting.

It is obvious that this style is safest and simplest among other types , the car will be kept horizontal and leveled while the platform is operated

This method required larger area to Be available for normal operation. Also it is unsafe method Because

Table 18, it shows different types of lifting methods.



40

7.4 Operation System

name description picture

Pneumatic and hydraulic

This type motor can provide high power ,however it required utility system for operation like piping, actuator, and pump .therefore, this type is costly .also in Hydraulic type in case of leak it will harm the environment.

Chain and sprocket This type of force transmission system can handle large load and not occupy large space .However , it required a lot of lubricating and greasing and maintenance .for UAE environment , dust will stick to the grease and made the shape dirty .

Cable and pulley Very simple and easily can e attached to the system. Also it is very cheap compare to other method and it is clean

Table 19, operations information



41

7.5 Driving motor type

Motor type Description Picture

Air or Hydraulic Motor This type motor can provide high power ,however it required utility system for operation like piping, actuator, and pump .therefore, this type is costly

Internal combustion engine This system is noisy and

generating a lot of heat and CO2 emission. Also it is not efficient.

Electric motor This type of drive have high

efficiency and can be found in different size and load capacity. More over it is eco friendly

Table 20, different type of driving motor types.



42

7.6 Morphological Chart

Sub function

function Solution

Fram

e

Lift

ing

Me

tho

d



43

Op

era

tio

n

syst

em

Dri

vin

g

mo

tor

Table 21, it shows a morphological chart of function solution.



44

7.7 Principle of operation

process description illustration

Lowering the platform

At this process the motor will turn clock wise side making the blue cable to be lose and the pulling force will be applied on the brown cable

Lifting the platform

At this process the motor will turn antilock wise side making the brown cable to be lose and the pulling force will be applied on the blue cable

Table 22, it shows the principle of operations.

Step # Description picture

1 At resting position the platform will set of the main from. High load is required by the motor

2 After starting the motor, the arm will start to

swing causing the platform to e lifted from the initially position. The angle of the arm will be less than 900. The load on the motor will reduces gradually

3 At this position, the lifting arms will be in

vertical position. The angle of the arm will be l 900the load more the movement will be ideal because most of the weight will be supported by the four arms.



45

4 As the movement goes on, the platform will be lowered behind the frame. The angle of the arm will be more than 900. The load on the motor at this position is the least because the gravity force will take place to lower the platform.

5 At the end the platform will reach to the flour and the upper car can leave the parking.

Table 23, it shows the operation steps and its information

8 Embodiment design

8.1 Primary sub-system

Primary

sub-system

Lifting Main mechanical

driving system

Frame

Cable and

pulley

Motors Steel

structure

Cable and

pulley Lifting arms

Upper

platform



46

8.2 Auxiliary components

Auxiliary components

Rollers

Rollers shaft

bearings

Fixing bolts & nuts



47

9 Calculations Pulley calculation

With a single pulley, the pulley must be able to move so that mechanical advantage can be increased. Furthermore, the

pulley is turned upside-down.

The pulley to the left is suspended and as a consequence the

mechanical advantage is increased. This happens because the

rope on the left and right of the pulley are both lifting the

LOAD, they each lift half its weight. The load is split into 2.

The calculation is shown below.

9.1 Calculating the torque

required by the motor



48

Figure 8 shows deferent force applied on cable

Motor

pulley

Ideal

pulley

Weight of

car

Figure 7, shows side view calculation of the torque that connected to the platform.



49

The weight of the car we assume it is 5 Kg = 50 N

First of all, we need to calculate (fx) at 5 different angels.

This done by formula: tan Ɵ =

First case

We have Ɵ = 10, y = 50 N since we suppose the weight of the car is 5 kg multiply by 10.

1) tan Ɵ =

, tan 10o =

, x =

, which gives : x = 283 N

Second case:

We have Ɵ = 30o and y = 50 N

2) tan Ɵ =

, tan 30o =

, x =

, which gives : x = 86.6 N

Third case:


3) tan Ɵ =

, tan 45o =

, x =


Fourth case:


4) tan Ɵ =

, tan 60o =

, x =

, which gives : x = 28.9 N

Fifth case:




50

5) tan Ɵ =

, tan 90o =

, x =


Now, we have to calculate the hypotenuse f(H).

This done by

formula: cos Ɵ =

First case:

We have Ɵ = 10o, x = 283 N

1) cos Ɵ =

, cos 10o =

, H =

, which gives : H = 388.9 N

Second case:

We have Ɵ = 30o, x = 86.6 N

2) cos Ɵ =

, cos 30o =

, H =

, which gives : H = 99.997 N

Figure 9, it shows the forces distribution



51

Third case:

We have Ɵ = 45o, x = 50 N

3) cos Ɵ =

, cos 45o =

, H =

, which gives: H = 50 N

Fourth case:

We have Ɵ = 60o, x = 28.9 N

4) cos Ɵ =

, cos 60o =

, H =

, which gives: H = 57.8 N

Fifth case:

We have Ɵ = 90o, x = 0 N

5) cos Ɵ =

, cos 90o =

, H =

, which gives: H = 0 N

Now, we need to calculate f(y) for all five cases. ( (x) is the case number and f(y) is the force act on the

motor pulley).

This is done by this formula: f(y) =

First case:

We have H1 = 388.9 N

f(y1) =

, Which gives f(y1) =194.45 N

Second case:

We have H2= 86.6 N,

f(y2) =

, Which gives f(y2) = 43.3 N



52

Third case:

We have H3= 50 N

f(y3) =

, Which gives f(y3) = 25 N

Fourth case:

We have H4= 57.8 N

f(y4) =

, Which gives f(y4) = 28.9 N

Fifth case:

We have H5 = 0

f(y5) =

, Which gives f(y1) = 0 N

Finally, we can to calculate the torque required by the motor.

We have the diameter of the pulley which is 0.022 m. We also have the formula :

T = F(y) . D

T1= F(y1) . D = 194.45 X 0.022 = 4.278 N.m

T2= F(y2) . D = 43.3 X 0.022 = 0.953 N.m

T3= F(y3) . D = 25 X 0.022 = 0.55 N.m

T4= F(y4) . D = 28.9 X 0.022 = 0.64 N.m

T5= F(y5) . D = 0 X 0.022 = 0 N.m



53

9.2 Area calculation:

Figure 10

Yellow arm

A3 =

r

2 (multiply by 2 because we have two arms)

Table 24, it shows the forces information to determine the required torque from the motor.

Angel (Ɵ) F(x) F(H) F(y) ( force act on motor pulley)

Torque

100 283 N 388.9 N 194.45 4.278 30o 86.6 N 99.997 N 43.3 0.953 45o 50 N 50 25 0.55 60o 28.9 N 57.8 28.9 0.64 90o 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N



54

A = A1 + A2 + A3= ((23.5 x 2 x 2)/100)x 7850 + 9(16.5 x 2 x 2)/1000x7850 + 0.025

= 1.29 m2

Red arm

A = A1 + A2 =( (52 x 4)/100)x7850 +( (2.5 x 4)/100)x7850

= 1.71 m2

(multiply by 2 because we have two arms)

Platform

A = length X width

=( 52 x 30 x 2)/100)x 7850) = 24.5 m2

Frame

A = Length x width

= (50 x 30 x 2)/100)x 7850) = 23.6 m2

For calculating the mass, we used the electric balance where we weighed the arms, platform,

motor, and the plat form individually then added it up to form the whole mass.

Note: (yellow arm means the rear arms and the red arms means the front arms with semi-

circular).

Table 25, it shows the aread and the mass of parts of the frame

Mass Area Quantity

Kg m2

Yellow arm 0.38 1.29 2

Red arm 0.39 1.71 2

Platform 0.41 24.5 1

Motor 1.4 - 1

Frame 4.27 23.6 1

Prototype 6.85



55

System path:

The sliding path of our project is divided into two paths:

Bow path

Straight line path

Bow path:

the main aim is to produce an bow with an angle of 60 °, and this can be made by dividing a a

circle into four parts, and then choose a a quarter, then divide the quarter into to angles, one is of

30° and the other is of 60°.

Figure 11, angle view

60 °

30



56

Straight path:

The bow path determined the path direction toward the ground, where the angle (60 °)

determined the inclination of track which will decrease the speed of the platform when

descending. This process was chosen from the safety aspect because with gravity, the falling

motion will increase.

Figure 12, it shows the angle in the frame view

60 ° Falling motion



57

9.3 Distance Required:

Total Length: 50 + 62 = 112cm

9.4 Structure analysis

The structure of the car park system is design with certain requirements to withstand weight of

the car on a plat form, the main purpose of the car park system is to save parking spaces by

lifting one car above the other with sharing the same car park slot. So we the FEA (finite element

analysis) are introduced. The finite element method is a good choice for solving partial

differential equations over complicated domains (like cars and oil pipelines), when the domain

changes (as during a solid state reaction with a moving boundary), when the desired precision

varies over the entire domain, or when the solution lacks smoothness.

ANSYS is used because it offers a comprehensive range of engineering simulation solution sets

providing access to virtually any field of engineering simulation that a design process requires,

and by this it will assess the design from a set of calculations regarding the movement, and

materials.

62 cm 50 cm



58

The following diagram will show the type of material used in the frame and some specifications

that were proven to be helpful.

1018 Mild Steel

Alloy 1018 is the most commonly available of the cold-rolled steels. It is generally available in

round rod, square bar, and rectangle bar. It has a good combination of all of the typical traits of

steel - strength, some ductility, and comparative ease of machining. Chemically, it is very similar

to A36 Hot Rolled steel, but the cold rolling process creates a better surface finish and better

properties.

Our conditions are to have a safety factor of 3 and a high tensile strength of 440 MPA, so the

platform will carry three times the weight of the car.

10 Frame selection and sizing

We selected mild steel for our frame because it is has a low price while can be used in many

applications. This kind of steel contains 0.18%, therefore it’s neither brittle nor ductile. It is

cheap and malleable. The surface hardness can be increased by carburizing(is a heat treatment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treatment



59

process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon liberated when the metal is heated in the presence

of a carbon bearing material).

Its often used when large amount of steel are needed, for example as structural steel. The density

of mild steel is 7,861.093 Kg/m3

, the tensile strength is a maximum of 500 Mpa and the young’s

modulus is 210,000 MPA.

Note: these dimensions are selected without considering the frame thickness.

11 Motor selection

In our design, we have one motor for the movement process, such as it is responsible for the

upward and downward movement by pulleys and cables. Where the tension in the cable must be

kept constant to ensure stability of the car on the platform.

Winch system motor selection

Force = total mass x gravity acceleration

= 6.85 x 9.81

=67.2 N

Force safety reasons force selected = 70 N

= 4.278 (calculated)

Power Torque (T) = Torque (N.m) x angular speed (rad/s)

= 4.278

Car dimensions Standard frame dimensions

Height 40 cm Height 30 cm Length 50 cm Length 52 cm Width 28 cm Width 30 cm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon



60

11.1 Rubber stand

To prevent scratch and direct contact with the ground we installed rubber stands under the platform as

displayed in the following figure.

The diameter for the circular rubber base or stand is d= 8cm and the thickness is 1cm. this

product is easy to find if ordered from small shops that manufacture rubber.

11.2 Cable and pulley sizing

Our winch system is using a polyethylene fishing line as connecting rope for the weight lift up

during ascending and descending process. This cable is passing through many pulleys in which

the main purpose of them is to change and re dispute the force direction and also guiding the

cable that is connecting the winch drum and upper platform.

Rubber stands

Figure 13, rubber stands prospect



61

The previous figure shows that the car system has three pulleys. The cable is connected to the

motor winch assembly and extends along the pulleys. The motor will move the line in a clock

wise and counter clock wise motion, the clock wise motion will move the platform downward

where the counter clock wise direction wise direction will move the platform upward.

As you can see from figure 11, we extracted our design from

the mideavil castle gate and developed it to do more

applications such as carrying object, the same principle apply

in our project but with more accessories and modifications like

the motor, different material selections.

Figure 14, castle gate



62

11.2.1 Cable sizing

Basically the cable sizing was determined on the safety factor which was chosen to be

three, and because we designed a frame that can withstand 50kg, it was appropriate to choose a

cable that can carry up to 150 kg, so due to such requirements we chose the HARUNA

SEAMASTER HARD LEADER, This leader material has been developed, through its special

hardening, for the roughest fishing in deep sea, ledges, coral and mussel reefs. It sticks stiffly out

from the main line and holds the hook in the correct position. With such a high breaking strain

(180 kg at just 1.60 mm diameter), even a Halibut of 150 kg would not be a problem. Haruna

Seamaster Hard Leader is even successfully used in professional fishing and valued for its

transparency.



63

11.3 Stretch or Elasticity

Most braided lines have very low stretch of between 1% and 8% allowing unique and

direct control and contact to your bait. Just for predator fishing with modern methods, such as

drop shot fishing, a well braided line is without doubt the best line to use. An important issue to

consider however that is a low-stretch-line means a much higher load on the unit, because each

strike goes directly through the rod and reel. It means that with braided lines it is particularly

important to correctly set the reel brake. Our tip: Because of its low stretch, a braided fishing line

is not always the appropriate choice for every angling method. Every ordinary fishing reel now

has a spare spool, so we recommend filling one spool with a braid and the other one with a

monofilament, so that you are perfectly prepared for every situation.

Attributes: • Ideal also for professional sea fishing

Diameter Ø mm 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.20 1.45 1.6

Kg 30 42 60 80 100 150 180

Figure 15, side view of the project



64

As you can see from (figure 15), that shows the mechanical movement of the Aluminum

platform. Platform is placed and fit on the frame with bases that makes space between the

platform and the frame. The platform is attached with two arms of steel. The red arm which is

front from car prospect, is cut from the middle as a semi circle that is used to house the pulley.

The rear yellow arm is another is also attached for more operation control. The length of both

arms and the place of the holding determine safe operation that makes the platform move

smoothly and goes down without touching the frame or the below car. Under the platform, there

is piece of steel that is attached to both yellow arms which hole and platform and make it more

stabilized. On the front side of the project, There are 2 pulleys that is attached with a DC motor.

What drive the pulley is the cable that is attached from pulley to both rear and front arms passing

the tensioner. The purpose of the tensioner is to not make the cable loose which provide safe

movement. After the tensioner, the cables goes all the way to the small pulley on the back of the

frame that is help to pull the platform and move it. Under the platform, spring limiter is attached

to provide the possible needed spring movement. To complete the movement of pushing and

pulling the platform with safe operation, there is also another small pulleys on front side of the

frame that you can see it in ( figure 15) on the highest part of the frame.



65

12 Conclusion and recommendation We can improve the operation by

installing a set of instruments and control

devices such as limit switches and speed

control for the motor. The limit switch

will end the operation as soon as the

movement reaches its desired position,

and the controller will give us more

control over the speed. All of this will

make the operation more Automatic.

Figure 17, variable speed controller

Figure 16, limit switch



66

13 References

http://www.eaglesteel.com/download/techdocs/Carbon_Steel_Grades.pdf

http://www.ockert.net/download/climax_gb_2011_2012.pdf

http://www.climax-fishingline.de/EN/haruna_seamaster.html

http://www.technologystudent.com/gears1/pulley8.htm

http://www.eaglesteel.com/download/techdocs/Carbon_Steel_Grades.pdf

http://www.ockert.net/download/climax_gb_2011_2012.pdf

http://www.climax-fishingline.de/EN/haruna_seamaster.html

http://www.technologystudent.com/gears1/pulley8.htm

double parking system design

Education

risk management

double parkingsystemby

change management

risk response matrix

risk suavity matrix

project management design

quality management plan

priority matrix