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DOSE ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL BASIS DOCUMENT FOR POTENTIAL EXPOSURES TO

DISCRETE SOURCES OF RADIUM-226 AND ASSOCIATED CONTAMINATION

D. A. King

FINAL REPORT

Prepared for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

May 2017

Further dissemination authorized to NRC only; other requests shall be approved by the originating facility

or higher NRC programmatic authority.

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NOTICES The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the sponsoring institutions of Oak Ridge Associated Universities. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the U.S. Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, mark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement or recommendation, or favor by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.

Dose Assessment Technical Basis Document 5289-TR-01-2

DOSE ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL BASIS DOCUMENT FOR POTENTIAL

EXPOSURES TO DISCRETE SOURCES OF RADIUM-226 AND ASSOCIATED CONTAMINATION

Prepared by D. A. King

ORAU

MAY 2017

FINAL REPORT

Prepared for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

This document was prepared for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement (NRC FIN No. F-1244) between the NRC and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under DOE contract number DE-SC0014664.

Dose Assessment Technical Basis Document ii 5289-TR-01-2

CONTENTS

TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................. iii ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................... iv

1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Organization ............................................................................................................................................ 4

2. CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL ................................................................................................................ 4

2.1. Building/Structure Conceptual Model................................................................................................ 6

2.2. Soil/Environmental Conceptual Model ............................................................................................. 8

3. DOSE ASSESSMENT METHOD ............................................................................................................ 9

3.1 Radionuclide Concentrations .......................................................................................................... 9

3.2 Area of the Contaminated Medium .............................................................................................. 10

3.3 Resuspension Factor ....................................................................................................................... 10

3.4 Residential Occupant Time in Building ....................................................................................... 11

3.5 Residential Occupant Breathing Rate ........................................................................................... 12

4. RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 Building Surface Contamination – Industrial Building Occupant ................................................. 13

4.2 Building Surface Contamination – Residential Building Occupant ............................................... 15

4.3 Surface Soil Contamination Screening Values .................................................................................. 16

5. APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................................... 19

5.1 Building Surface Contamination Examples ...................................................................................... 19

5.1.1 Example 1 – Small Area of Elevated Activity ........................................................................... 19

5.1.2 Example 2 – Small Isolated Area of Elevated Activity ............................................................ 19

5.2 Surface Soil Contamination Example – Small Isolated Area of Elevated Activity ..................... 20

5.3 Uncertainties .......................................................................................................................................... 21

6. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 23

7. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 25

APPENDIX A: DandD REPORT OUTPUTS

Dose Assessment Technical Basis Document iii 5289-TR-01-2

TABLES

Table 2.1. DandD Exposure Pathways Used to Derive Screening Values for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) ..................................................................................................................... 5 Table 2.2. Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) ..................................................................... 6 Table 4.1. Derived Screening Value Summary by Scenario for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Table 4.2. Screening Value Results for the Industrial Building Occupant for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) .................................................................................................................... 14 Table 4.3. Screening Value Results for the Residential Building Occupant for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) .................................................................................................................... 16 Table 4.4. Screening Value Results for the Resident Farmer Scenario for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) .................................................................................................................... 18 Table 6.1. Derived Screening Value Summary by Scenario for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) ........................................................................................................................................ 24

Dose Assessment Technical Basis Document iv 5289-TR-01-2

ACRONYMS

AMCG average member of the critical group CFR Code of Federal Regulations DandD Decontamination and Decommissioning (dose modeling code) DSR dose-to-source ratio NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ORISE Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education RF resuspension factor TI Temporary Instruction

Dose Assessment Technical Basis Document 1 5289-TR-01-2

DOSE ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL BASIS DOCUMENT FOR POTENTIAL EXPOSURES TO DISCRETE SOURCES OF RADIUM-226 AND ASSOCIATED

CONTAMINATION

1. INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has requested that the Oak Ridge Institute for

Science and Education (ORISE) support the investigation of former manufacturing and other

facilities to determine if byproduct material (specifically, discrete sources of radium-226 [Ra-226])

are present at concentrations that could reasonably result in a radiological dose greater than the dose

criterion in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) Part 20, “Standards for Protection

Against Radiation,” Section 20.1402. These discrete sources of Ra-226 were used, or suspected to

have been used historically, for commercial, medical, or research activities dating as far back as the

early 1900s. Temporary Instruction (TI) 2800/043, Inspection of Facilities Potentially Contaminated with

Discrete Source of Radium-226 (NRC 2016), presents additional background and guidance that the NRC

will use to confirm, if appropriate, the presence of discrete sources of Ra-226 and quantify the levels

of contamination.

1.1 OVERVIEW

This technical basis document will be used to estimate whether Ra-226 is present at concentrations

that could reasonably result in a radiological dose greater than the 25 millirem per year (mrem/yr)

dose criterion in 10 CFR Part 20.1402. Methods are presented for estimating the radiological dose

from potential exposure to radium contamination in soils or soil-like media (e.g., sediments), and on

building, structural surfaces or objects. Screening values are derived assuming generic and

conservative representations of processes and conditions expected for a wide array of sites, though

methods for incorporating site-specific information are also discussed. In any case, inspectors

should attempt to verify that the conceptual model and subsequent screening values presented

herein reasonably represent site-specific conditions, are plausible over the next 1,000 years, or

whether adjustments are justified for estimating the dose to the average member of the critical group

(AMCG). The screening values derived in this technical basis document apply only at sites where

byproduct material (specifically, discrete sources of Ra-226) was historically used, or suspected to be

used for commercial, medical, or research activities, and the site was not cleaned up (or records of


clean-up are not available). The screening values developed in this technical basis document are not

intended for use at other sites with radium contamination undergoing decommissioning.

As described in NUREG-1757 Vol. 1, Rev. 2, the AMCG is defined as “the group of individuals

reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual radioactivity for any applicable set of

circumstances” (NRC 2006). Consistent with NUREG-1757, this technical basis document

considers the AMCG to be an adult with the proper habits and characteristics of an adult. For this

technical basis document, there are three scenarios considered to estimate exposures to the AMCG:

two that are associated with exposures to contamination within a building and one associated with

exposure to contaminated surface soils. These scenarios are described as follows:

• An industrial building occupant accounts for exposure to fixed and removable residual

radioactivity on the walls, floor, and ceiling of a commercial or light industrial facility (e.g., an

office building or warehouse).

• A residential building occupant accounts for exposure to fixed and removable residual

radioactivity on the walls, floor, and ceiling of a residential facility (e.g., an apartment

building)

• A resident farmer accounts for exposure involving residual radioactivity that is initially in the

surficial soil. This receptor is assumed to move onto and farm the area, grow/raise dietary

products, and to use water tapped from the aquifer under the site.

The three scenarios are expected to represent a reasonable set of exposure pathways associated with

sites where discrete sources of radium contamination may exist. Currently, many of the sites are

being used for commercial purposes that can be represented by light industrial characteristics and

behaviors associated with the industrial building occupant scenario. Some of the sites are currently

being used for residential purposes. These residential-use sites can be represented by the residential

building occupant scenario. Finally, the resident farmer scenario is included as a reasonably complete

set of exposure pathways to provide a conservative screening value for plausible future uses of a

land area. Given the urban setting of many of the sites where discrete sources of radium were

previously used, many of the exposure pathways included in the resident farmer scenario may not be

plausible but are included to estimate a reasonable bound on the dose to a receptor. Selection of the

appropriate exposure scenario for a particular site should be made on a case-by-case basis and


supported by site-specific information to justify the appropriateness of the scenario based on current

and plausible future land uses.

Screening values are calculated using the Decontamination and Decommissioning (DandD) code

Version 2.4 (NRC 2001)1. In NUREG-1757 (NRC 2006), NRC has approved use of the DandD

code when used as part of a predetermined screening methodology to demonstrate that the

radiological criteria for unrestricted use are met without further analyses. The industrial building

occupant and resident farmer scenarios are pre-defined exposure scenarios in NRC’s approved

screening methodology. The use of DandD is also well suited to evaluate the residential building

occupancy scenario because the exposure pathways are similar to the industrial building occupancy

scenario, and any parameter changes made in this technical basis document to account for the

differences between an industrial and residential occupant (e.g., occupancy period) are consistent

with NRC guidance. The screening values are based on generic scenarios and default input

parameters that are obtained from existing NRC decommissioning guidance. Section 3 of this

technical basis document describes where different approaches than those used to develop the

published screening values were used to derive the screening values presented in this technical basis

document.

As stated, the inspector should verify that site-specific conditions are reasonably consistent with the

generic and conservative conditions used to derive the default screening values. While this technical

basis document relies primarily upon default DandD inputs to generate the screening values

consistent with NUREG-1757 (NRC 2006) and NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 3 (NRC 1999a), general

guidelines are also provided so that inspectors can collect site-specific information, as applicable, to

refine dose estimates.

For receptors associated with exposure to building contaminated surfaces, DandD is used to

generate screening values in units of disintegrations per minute per 100 square centimeters

(dpm/100 cm2) that correspond to the 25 mrem/yr dose criterion. For receptors associated with

exposure to contaminated surface soil, DandD is used to generate screening values in units of

picocuries per gram (pCi/g) that correspond to the 25 mrem/yr dose criterion. Net contamination

1 The DandD User’s Guide (NRC 2001) discussed version 2.1 of the code. For this t technical basis document, ORISE used version 2.4. The difference between versions 2.1 and 2.4 is simply to allow for standard installation in Microsoft® Windows® 7 operating system.


concentrations (i.e., after subtracting background) that are at or below the screening levels provide

confidence that potential doses would not exceed 25 mrem/yr.

1.2 ORGANIZATION

Section 2 of this technical basis document presents the conceptual model describing how the

AMCG may be exposed to discrete sources of radium on building/structural surfaces or in the

environment. Section 3 presents methods used to calculate dose-based screening value. Section 4

presents dose modeling results, and Section 5 explains how these results should be interpreted and

implemented via the presentation of examples. Uncertainties related to the dose modeling that

should be considered during site visit or scoping survey data collection are presented in Section 5.

Finally, Section 6 contains the conclusions of this technical basis document followed by references

in Section 7.

2. CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL

Historical uses of discrete sources of Ra-226 may have led to contaminated building surfaces or

soils2. Table 2.1 presents the range of possible exposure pathways for plausible receptors that may

be exposed to discrete sources of radium or associated contamination. Section 2.1 summarizes the

conceptual model for exposure scenarios that involve contaminated building surfaces, and Section

2.2 presents the conceptual model for exposure scenarios that involve contaminated soil and other

outdoor environmental media.

As shown in Table 2.1, depending upon the exposure scenario, the conceptual model could include

exposures from either contamination on building surfaces or in surface soils. However, an AMCG

could conceivably be exposed to radium contamination from both, building/structural surfaces and

surface soils. When an AMCG could be exposed to multiple sources, such as both

building/structural surfaces and surface soil contamination, the dose analyst should employ a sum-

of-fractions approach to assess whether the total potential dose from all sources exceeds the

unrestricted use dose criterion of 10 CFR 20.1402. If the screening scenarios developed in this

technical basis document are appropriate for a site, the dose analyst can sum the ratio of the

2 Historical use of discrete sources of radium also may have led to contaminated surface and groundwater. Consideration of contaminated water is beyond the scope of this technical basis document and would need to be evaluated on a site-specific basis as described in NUREG-1757 (NRC 2006).


measured contamination concentration to the respective screening value for each source observed at

the site. The sum from all sources should not exceed unity in order to provide confidence that 25

mrem/yr will not be exceeded at the site. The sum-of-fractions approach is described in more detail

in Section 2.7 of NUREG-1757, Vol. 2 (NRC 2006). In some cases, site-specific analyses may need

to be performed when there are multiple sources to account for sites where the screening scenarios

described in this technical basis document are not appropriate.

Table 2.1. DandD Exposure Pathways Used to Derive Screening Values for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C)

Residential Farmer Scenarioa Indoor Occupancy Scenarioa External exposure from volume soil sources while outdoors and while gardening

External exposure due to source

External exposure from volume soil sources while indoors

Inhalation of airborne radioactive material

Inhalation exposure to re-suspended soil while outdoors and while gardening

Inadvertent ingestion of radioactive material

Inhalation exposure to re-suspended soil while indoors

Inhalation exposure to re-suspended surface sources of soil tracked indoors

Ingestion of soil—direct Inadvertent ingestion of soil tracked indoors Ingestion of drinking water from a groundwater source

(Intentionally left blank)

Ingestion of plant products grown in contaminated soil

Ingestion of plant products grown with contaminated groundwater

Ingestion of animal products grown on-site Ingestion of fish grown in a pond that is contaminated by groundwater

aNUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 4 (NRC 1999b)

Table 2.2 presents radionuclides explicitly and implicitly modeled in the Ra-226 source, which is

assumed to be in secular equilibrium with its entire decay chain (referred to as Ra-226+C in DandD,

with the “+C” indicating members of the decay chain). DandD explicitly models the noble gas

radon-222 (Rn-222), lead-210 (Pb-210), bismuth-210 (Bi-210), and polonium-210 (Po-210). DandD

implicitly models shorter-lived progeny in the Ra-226 decay chain and includes their doses in their

parent doses. The inclusion of both explicitly and implicitly modeled progeny is conservative


because some discrete sources of Ra-226 may not have completed the seven half-lives (~99%

ingrowth) needed to reach secular equilibrium.

Table 2.2. Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C)

Radionuclidea Emission Half-lifeb Ra-226 Alpha 1,600 years Rn-222c Alpha 3.8 days Po-218 Alpha 3.1 minutes Pb-214 Beta 26.8 minutes Bi-214 Beta 19.9 minutes Po-214 Alpha 164.3 µ-sec. Pb-210 Beta 22.2 year Bi-210 Beta 5.01 days Po-210 Alpha 138.4 days

aAt-218, with a yield of ~0.02%, is not listed but is modeled by DandD. bData source: http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ cNoble gas

2.1. BUILDING/STRUCTURE CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Contamination of surfaces such as walls, floors, equipment, cabinets, etc., inside the building or

structure may have resulted from, but is not limited to, spills, seepage into structural material, or

airborne distribution, etc. The conceptual model considers direct exposure to the radiation emitted

from the contaminated surfaces, resuspension of removable (loose) contamination and inhalation,

and inadvertent ingestion of removable contamination.

The removable fraction is that portion of the total activity that is not fixed on a building surface or

can be removed by wiping the surface with moderate pressure. A 10-percent removable fraction, the

DandD default, is assumed for this technical basis document. The fixed contamination fraction is

that which has become incorporated into the subject material matrix and cannot be removed

without removing part of the material. Both the fixed and removable contamination (that is not yet

re-suspended) represent a source of external radiation. The modeling also assumes the occupant will

be immersed in the suspended dust and exposed via the external radiation pathway. Re-suspended

dust may be inhaled or deposited on foodstuff and consumed by building occupants. The occupant

may also inadvertently ingest removable contamination by coming into contact with building

surfaces.

http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/


As previously mentioned, the critical group for building/structural building occupants may be either

light industrial workers, which is described in NUREG/CR-5512, Vol 3 (NRC 1999a), or a

residential occupant. A residential occupant is presumed to be the most conservative receptor

assuming current or future habitation (i.e., an apartment building) would be plausible. A worker is

presumed to be the most conservative receptor, assuming the facility is in an industrial setting (e.g.,

an office building or warehouse) and future habitation is not plausible for long-term occupancy.

Screening values derived in this technical basis document are necessarily generic and conservative to

represent processes and conditions expected for a wide array of sites. The NRC inspection team

should verify, to the extent possible, that the following site conditions exist for each of the residual

radioactivity conditions (adapted from NUREG-1757, Vol. 2, Appendix H [NRC 2006]):

• Residual radioactivity on building surfaces (e.g., walls, floors, ceilings) is surficial and non-

volumetric [e.g., ≤10 mm (0.39 in) of penetration].

• Residual radioactivity on surfaces is mostly fixed, with the removable fraction no greater

than 10 % of the total surface activity. Note that for cases when the fraction of removable

contamination is undetermined or higher than 0.1, it may be assumed that 100 % of surface

contamination is removable, and therefore the screening values should be decreased by a

factor of 10.

• The screening criteria are not being applied to surfaces such as buried structures (e.g.,

drainage or sewer pipes) or equipment within the building without adequate justification;

such structures, buried surfaces; and clearance of equipment should be treated on a case-by-

case basis.

Inspectors may determine that site-specific conditions cannot be handled by this simple screening

model because of the complex nature of the site or because of the simplified conceptual model in

the DandD screening code. In these cases, additional calculations may be required to more

accurately assess plausible exposure conditions.


2.2. SOIL/ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTUAL MODEL

For surface soils, contamination may have resulted from, but are not limited to, spills, seepage from

the facilities to the environment, or burial, etc. The conceptual model for surface soil contamination

considers exposure to the radiation emitted from the contaminated soil surfaces (both while indoors

and out), resuspension of soil contamination and inhalation (while indoors and out as well as

resuspension and inhalation of soil tracked indoors), and ingestion of soil. Groundwater may also

become contaminated indirectly as a result of leaching from the soil. Contaminated groundwater

may be used for drinking water or irrigation for crops and livestock. To account for this, the

conceptual model also considers ingestion of contaminated drinking water, plants grown in

contaminated soil and irrigated with contaminated water, animal products raised onsite (after

animals ingest contaminated drinking water, forage, and soil), and fish raised in a pond fed by

contaminated groundwater. These pathways are used to generate generic screening values for soil to

represent processes and conditions expected for a wide array of sites, but may need to be adjusted to

account for site-specific conditions, which may limit or preclude certain pathways.

Soil screening values presented herein are necessarily generic and conservative to represent processes

and conditions expected for a wide array of sites. The NRC inspection team should verify, to the

extent possible, that the following site conditions exist for each of the residual radioactivity

conditions (adapted from NUREG-1757, Vol. 2, Appendix H [NRC 2006]):

• The initial residual radioactivity contained in the top layer of the surface soil (e.g.,

approximately 15 cm [5.9 in]).

• The unsaturated zone and the ground water are initially free of residual radioactivity.

• The vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity at the specific site is greater than the infiltration

rate (e.g., there is no ponding or surface run-off).

It is recognized that physical confirmation of some of these conditions may not be possible during a

typically non-intrusive site visit or scoping survey. However, anecdotal information, historical

documentation, or other information may be considered to assess consistency with the generic

conceptual model. Inspectors may determine that site-specific conditions cannot be handled by this

simple screening model, possibly because of the complex nature of the site or because of the


simplified conceptual model in the DandD screening code. In these cases, additional calculations

may be required to more accurately assess plausible exposure conditions.

3. DOSE ASSESSMENT METHOD

The overall dose assessment method is straightforward, including DandD “runs” starting with

default inputs. The variables that require non-default values are further discussed below and include:

1. The radionuclide concentration(s).

2. The applicable area of the contaminated medium.

3. The resuspension factor (building surfaces only).

4. The occupancy time of the residential building occupant.

5. The breathing rate of the residential building occupant.

3.1 RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATIONS

Unit radionuclide concentrations (i.e., 1 dpm/100 cm2 or 1 pCi/g) are used to generate dose to

source ratios (DSRs) using DandD. These DSRs are, in turn, used to calculate the screening values.

For building surface contamination, a DSR represents the mrem/yr dose per dpm/100 cm2, and for

the surface soil contamination a DSR represents the mrem/yr dose per pCi/g. A screening value,

representing the Ra-226 concentration that corresponds to the dose criterion, is calculated by

dividing the dose criterion by the DSR. The building surface screening value is calculated as follows:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 25 (mrem/yr ) / DSRTotal (mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2),

where, DSRTotal is the sum of all pathway-specific DSRs considered for the assumed scenario.

The surface soil screening value is calculated as follows:

Screening Value (pCi/g) = 25 (mrem/yr ) / DSRTotal (mrem/yr per pCi/g).

Note that DandD allows the user to either distribute the concentration value among the primary

contaminant and decay products, or to not distribute (i.e., apply it to the parent). In this case, a unit

concentration is assigned to each explicitly modeled radionuclide. DandD also allows the user to

explicitly include, or not include, long-lived decay products (decay products not explicitly included

would be implicitly considered as part of the parent radionuclide). As discussed previously in this


technical basis document, the assumption of equilibrium between Ra-226 plus all associated long-

lived and short-lived decay products (see Table 2.2) results in maximizing the DSRTotal and thereby

lowering the corresponding Ra-226 screening value concentration for the default conditions. This

equates to selecting the site contaminant “226Ra+C” within the DandD code.

3.2 AREA OF THE CONTAMINATED MEDIUM

The default area of contamination is an “Unlimited Area.” It is plausible that some sites may not be

characterized by large-area contamination, and instead will have small, localized areas of elevated

radioactivity. For both building/structural and soils, the calculated dose is not sensitive to the size of

the contaminated area until the assumed contaminated surface area is reduced to below 10 m2.

Therefore, building and soil exposure scenarios were evaluated considering source areas of

unlimited, 10 m2, 7.5 m2, 5 m2, 2.5 m2, 1 m2, and 0.1 m2. The smallest value of 0.1 m2 is presumed to

represent any small item or area, producing the maximum screening value considered by this

technical basis document. This small area screening value is interpreted as a not-to-exceed value. In

the absence of a site-specific dose assessment, observed concentrations exceeding the screening

value for a 0.1-m2 area, regardless of how small the actual area of contamination, will always

represent a dose above 25 mrem/yr based on the assumptions used to develop the values (see

Section 2 for more information on the assumptions of the conceptual models).

3.3 RESUSPENSION FACTOR

NRC reevaluated the resuspension factor (RF) for the industrial occupant building scenario

originally published in NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 3 (NRC 1999a) and presented the results in

NUREG-1720 (NRC 2002). The reevaluation developed a revised probabilistic distribution for the

resuspension factor that accounted for additional data expected to be more applicable for

decommissioned sites than data that were used to develop the default resuspension factor in

DandD. The reevaluation relied upon data that were obtained from sites where contamination was

cleaned or aged rather than the data used to develop the default resuspension factor, which relied

upon studies involving freshly deposited contamination. Given that use of discrete sources of

radium generally happened decades ago (i.e., is not freshly deposited), the revised resuspension

factor is appropriate in this technical basis document. However, for sites where radium

contamination may have been more freshly deposited, a site-specific assessment may need to be


conducted to confirm that the RF used in this technical basis document is appropriate for the

specific site.

The NRC also noted in NUREG-1720 that the data used to develop the revised probabilistic

distribution for the resuspension factor have certain limitations, most of which relate to the

applicability to decommissioned facilities of the conditions under which data were obtained (e.g.,

ventilation, occupancy levels, energy of occupant activities available for resuspension). Many of the

sites considered here are where discrete sources of radium were previously used or are now being

used for commercial or light industrial purposes. These sites and their characteristics are consistent

with the types of facilities considered in the reevaluation of the resuspension factor.

Although residential occupancy is expected to differ from industrial occupancy, the use of the

revised resuspension factor is appropriate because several of the conditions for an industrial

occupant (i.e., ventilation and energy of occupant activities available for resuspension) are expected

to be similar for a residential occupancy or more likely to generate resuspension than activities

associated with residential occupancy. While the residential occupancy time exceeds the industrial

occupancy time, which could result in greater resuspension, a significant portion of residential

occupancy time involves sleeping, which is not expected to result in significant resuspension of

contamination. Therefore, the revised probabilistic distribution from NUREG-1720 is used in this

technical basis document for both the industrial and residential building occupant scenarios.

3.4 RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANT TIME IN BUILDING

The residential building occupancy time is expected to be different than the occupancy time

assumed for the industrial building occupant scenario. To develop the residential building occupancy

time for this technical basis document, the default value was used for the residential farmer scenario

for time indoors at the residence, 5,770 hours/year (111 hours per week, 52 weeks per year [NRC

1999a]). The default value was developed from national survey data presented in the Exposure

Factors Handbook (EPA 2011) on time spent indoors at a residence by adults and is also

appropriate for the residential building occupancy considered in this technical basis document

because the scenario, unlike the residential farmer scenario, is limited to exposures from building

surface contamination.


3.5 RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANT BREATHING RATE

The breathing rate of the occupant in the residential building occupancy scenario is expected to be

different than the breathing rate assumed for the industrial building occupant scenario because of

the different levels of activity that occur at a residence and a light industrial setting. To develop the

residential building occupant breathing rate for this technical basis document, the default value was

used for the residential farmer scenario for an indoor breathing rate, 0.9 m3 per hour (NRC 1999a).

The default value was developed in NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 3 (NRC 1999a), by time-weighting

median breathing rates from studies of activity levels typical of waking activities (see NUREG/CR-

5512, Vol. 3, Table 6.28) and sleeping activities (see NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 3, Tables 6.22 and

6.25). The time weighting of awake and sleeping activities was based on national survey data

presented in the Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA 2011) on time spent sleeping and the total time

spent indoors at a residence by adults.

4. RESULTS

Table 4.1 presents a summary of derived screening values for the building surfaces and soils. Values

are given for a range of source areas, as described in Section 3, while methods for adjusting the

screening levels to account for different source areas are presented later in this technical basis

document. The following subsections present specific details for the building surface contamination

(Section 4.1 and 4.2) and the surface soil contamination (Section 4.3). Appendix A presents the

DandD output for analyses that consider an unlimited surface area for the Building Surface

Contamination–Industrial Building Occupant, Building Surface Contamination–Residential

Occupant, and Surface Soil Contamination–Resident Farmer scenarios. The screening values

represent the contamination levels, above background, which would provide confidence that doses

to public would remain below the NRC dose limit for unrestricted use.


Table 4.1. Derived Screening Value Summary by Scenario for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C)

Source Area

Building Surface Contamination, Worker Scenario

Building Surface Contamination,

Residential Scenario Surface Soil

Contamination (m2) (dpm/100 cm2)a (dpm/100 cm2)b (pCi/g)c

> 10 (unlimited) 1,400 630 0.6 7.5 1,800 840 0.6 5.0 2,700 1,300 0.8 2.5 5,500 2,500 1.7 1.0 14,000 6,300 4.2 0.1 140,000 63,000 42

All values presented to two digits or to the tenths place. aFor small areas of elevated activity, follows the power relationship 14,000 / Surface Area (m2); 14,000 is rounded from 13,800. To generate exact matches, 13,800 must be used for 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 m2. bFor small areas of elevated activity, follows the power relationship 6,300 / Surface Area (m2). cFor small areas of elevated activity, follows the power relationship 4.2 / Surface Area (m2).

4.1 BUILDING SURFACE CONTAMINATION – INDUSTRIAL BUILDING OCCUPANT

The DandD results for the Building Surface Contamination–Industrial Building Occupant scenario,

in which an individual worker is exposed to building surface contamination, are presented by source

area in Table 4.2. Pathway-specific DSRs for external, inhalation, and secondary ingestion pathways

are listed and summed based on both yearly and hourly occupancies. Recalling that DSRs are

presented for unit concentrations (i.e., 1 dpm/100 cm2), screening values for each source area are

calculated by dividing the dose criterion by the DSRTotal (yearly) value. The screening value for an

unlimited building surface area is 1,400 dpm/100 cm2. The doses calculated by the DandD code are

not sensitive to the size of the source until reaching sizes smaller than about 10 m2. Below 10 m2,

dose and source area (or more applicable here, screening value and surface area) are conveniently

related using the following power curve relationship:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 14,000 /Surface Area (m2).

For example, if the contaminant surface area is 5 m2, the screening value that corresponds to 25

mrem/yr is 14,000 / 5 = 2,800 dpm/100 cm2 (rounded; see Tables 4.1 or 4.2 to verify the result;

2,700 dpm/100 cm2 per DandD output as summarized in Table 4.2).

These screening values are based on industrial building occupancy, or exposure for 2,340

hours/year. Dose-to-source ratios are also provided in Table 4.2 based on exposure for a single hour


(units are mrem/hour per dpm/100 cm2) assuming that in some instances a 2,340-hour occupancy

may be implausible. To use these values, the dose analyst calculates the screening value by dividing

the dose criterion by the product of the DSRTotal (hourly) and occupancy time:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 25 / [(DSRTotal (hourly) × Time (hours)]

Examples of this and other calculations are provided in the next section of this technical basis

document, noting that the dose analyst may make or suggest adjustments to these screening values

based on site-specific conditions.

Table 4.2. Screening Value Results for the Industrial Building Occupant for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C)

Pathway-Specific Results Source Secondary Area Parameter Units External Inhalation Ingestion Totals

Unlimited DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 2.34E-03 5.89E-03 1.01E-02 1.83E-02

DSR (hourly) mrem/hr per dpm/100 cm2 1.00E-06 2.52E-06 4.32E-06 7.83E-06

Screening Value dpm/100 cm2

1,400 10 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 2.34E-03 5.89E-03 1.01E-02 1.83E-02



1,400 7.5 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 1.75E-03 4.42E-03 7.57E-03 1.37E-02



1,800 5.0 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 1.17E-03 2.95E-03 5.04E-03 9.16E-03


Screening Value dpm/100 cm2 2,700 2.5 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 5.84E-04 1.47E-03 2.52E-03 4.57E-03






Screening Value dpm/100 cm2 140,000 Screening values rounded to two significant digits.


4.2 BUILDING SURFACE CONTAMINATION – RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OCCUPANT

The DandD results for the Building Surface Contamination–Residential Building Occupant

Scenario, in which an individual resident is exposed to building surface contamination, are presented

by source area in Table 4.3. Pathway-specific DSRs for external, inhalation, and secondary ingestion

pathways are listed and summed based on both yearly and hourly occupancies. As with the industrial

occupant, DSRs are presented for unit concentrations (i.e., 1 dpm/100 cm2); screening values for

each source area are calculated by dividing the dose criterion by the DSRTotal (yearly) value. The

screening value for an unlimited surface area is 630 dpm/100 cm2. The doses calculated by the

DandD code are not sensitive to the size of the source until reaching sizes smaller than about 10 m2.

Below 10 m2, dose and source area (or more applicable here, screening value and surface area) are

conveniently related using the following power curve relationship:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 6,300 /Surface Area (m2).


mrem/yr is 6,300 / 5 = 1,300 dpm/100 cm2 (rounded; see Tables 4.1 or 4.3 to verify the result).

These screening values are based on residential building occupancy, or 5,770 hours/year (111 hours

per week, 52 weeks per year [NRC 1999a]), which is the average default value used in DandD for the

time spent indoors at the residence for the residential farmer scenario. The default value was

developed from national survey data presented in the Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA 2011) on

time spent indoors at a residence by adults and is also appropriate for the residential building

occupancy considered in this technical basis document because the scenario, unlike the residential

farmer scenario, is limited to exposures from building surface contamination. Dose-to-source ratios

are also provided in Table 4.3 based on exposure for a single hour (units are mrem/hour per

dpm/100 cm2) assuming that in some instances a 5,770-hour occupancy may be implausible. To use

these values, the inspector calculates the screening value by dividing the dose criterion by the

product of the DSRTotal (hourly) and occupancy time:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 25 / [(DSRTotal (hourly) × Time (hours)].



document, noting that the inspector may make or suggest adjustments to these screening values


Table 4.3. Screening Value Results for the Residential Building Occupant for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C)

Pathway-Specific Results Source Secondary Area Parameter Units External Inhalation Ingestion Totals

Unlimited DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 5.74E-03 9.30E-03 2.48E-02 3.99E-02


Screening Value dpm/100 cm2 630 10 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 5.74E-03 9.30E-03 2.48E-02 3.99E-02


Screening Value dpm/100 cm2 630 7.5 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 4.31E-03 6.98E-03 1.86E-02 2.99E-02


Screening Value dpm/100 cm2 840 5.0 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per dpm/100 cm2 2.87E-03 4.65E-03 1.24E-02 1.99E-02








Screening Value dpm/100 cm2 63,000 Screening values rounded to two significant digits.

4.3 SURFACE SOIL CONTAMINATION SCREENING VALUES

The DandD results for the Surface Soil Contamination–Resident Farmer scenario are presented by

source area in Table 4.4. Pathway-specific DSRs for agricultural, drinking water, surface water,

external, inhalation, secondary ingestion, and irrigation pathways are listed and summed based on

both yearly and hourly occupancies. Recalling that DSRs are presented for unit concentrations (i.e.,


pCi/g), screening values for each source area are calculated by dividing the dose criterion by the

DSRTotal (yearly) value. The screening value for an unlimited surface area is 0.6 pCi/g. The DandD

code is not sensitive to the size of the source until reaching areas smaller than about 7.5 m2. Below

7.5 m2, dose and source area (i.e., screening value and surface area) are conveniently related using the

following power curve relationship:

Screening Value (pCi/g) = 4.2 /Surface Area (m2).


mrem/yr is 4.2 / 5 = 0.8 pCi/g (see Tables 4.1 or 4.4 to verify the result).

These screening values are based on full-time residential farmer occupancy, or 6,795 hours/year.

Dose-to-source ratios are also provided in Table 4.4 based on exposure for a single hour (units are

mrem/hour per pCi/g) assuming that in some instances a 6,795-hour occupancy may be

implausible. To use these values, the dose analyst calculates the screening value by dividing the dose

criterion by the product of the DSRTotal (hourly) and occupancy time:

Screening Value (pCi/g) = 25 / [(DSRTotal (hourly) × Time (hours)]

This methods assumes the receptor averages times and exposures across all possible pathways.


document, noting that the inspector may make or suggest adjustments to these screening values


Finally, the DandD output includes both pathway-specific results and total results (i.e., summed

across pathways). Pathway-specific results are presented in this technical basis document to 1)

demonstrate what pathways are most significant for an AMCG, and 2) allow dose analysts to adjust

screening values when some exposures pathways are implausible (e.g., agricultural activities in a

highly industrialized area).


Table 4.4. Screening Value Results for the Resident Farmer Scenario

for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C) Pathway-Specific Results Drinking Surface Secondary

Area Parameter Units Agricultural Water Water External Inhalation Ingestion Irrigation Totals Unlimited DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per pCi/g 3.90E+01 1.69E-09 4.48E-09 4.61E+00 1.05E-02 1.23E-01 4.10E-09 4.37E+01

DSR (hourly) mrem/hr per pCi/g 5.74E-03 2.49E-13 6.59E-13 6.78E-04 1.55E-06 1.81E-05 6.03E-13 6.44E-03

Screening value pCi/g 0.6 10 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per pCi/g 3.90E+01 1.69E-09 4.48E-09 4.61E+00 1.05E-02 1.23E-01 4.10E-09 4.37E+01


Screening value pCi/g 0.6 7.5 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per pCi/g 3.90E+01 1.69E-09 4.48E-09 4.61E+00 1.05E-02 1.23E-01 4.10E-09 4.37E+01






Screening value pCi/g 1.7 1.0 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per pCi/g 5.25E+00 2.33E-10 6.17E-10 6.44E-01 1.43E-03 1.72E-02 5.65E-10 5.91E+00


Screening value pCi/g 4.2 0.1 m2 DSR (yearly) mrem/yr per pCi/g 5.25E-01 2.33E-11 6.17E-11 6.44E-02 1.43E-04 1.72E-03 5.65E-11 5.91E-01


Screening value pCi/g 42 Screening values rounded to the tenths value or two significant digits.


5. APPLICATION

This section presents example screening value calculations for building surface and surface soil

contamination to demonstrate how adjustments may be made when site-specific conditions do not

match the default conceptual model. This is followed by a discussion of uncertainties and factors to

consider assuming a site-specific assessment is required.

While at a site, inspectors should consider both the conceptual model used to derive the screening

values and obvious site-specific conditions that would justify adjustments to the calculations, such as

those described in the following simple examples. In the long term, however, possible adjustments

should be tempered by the fact that screening values are applicable to an AMCG over the next 1,000

years, so adjustments that may be obvious for the current receptors may not be applicable to a

plausible future AMCG.

5.1 BUILDING SURFACE CONTAMINATION EXAMPLES

5.1.1 Example 1 – Small Area of Elevated Activity

A scoping survey identified a radium paint spill on the floor of an abandoned factory building, so

the AMCG is an industrial worker. The spill is approximately 2.0 m2. The surface area of 2.0 m2 is

not listed in Tables 4.1 or 4.2, so the power curve relationship it used is as follows:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 14,000 / Surface Area (m2) =14,000 / 2.0 m2 = 7,000 dpm/100

cm2.

Therefore, the average measurement at 7,000 dpm/100 cm2 corresponds to an industrial occupancy

dose of 25 mrem/yr.

5.1.2 Example 2 – Small Isolated Area of Elevated Activity

A scoping survey identified a radium paint spill on the floor of an abandoned factory building, so

the AMCG is an industrial worker. The spill of approximately 2.0 m2 is in a remote corner of the

former boiler room. The inspector determines that it is overly conservative to assume full-time

industrial occupancy. After consultation with NRC dose analysts and a review of known information

about the site (e.g., information gathered from the site owner, photographs, occupation patterns,

etc.), a prudently conservative 10% occupancy rate is selected (i.e., 10% of 2,340 hours is 234 hours).


The surface area of 2.0 m2 is not an option in Tables 4.1 or 4.2, so the power curve relationship it

used to estimate the full-time occupancy screening level is as follows:

14,000 / Surface Area (m2) = 14,000 / 2.0 m2 = 7,000 dpm/100 cm2,

which is then adjusted to account for the smaller exposure time:

Screening Value (dpm/100 cm2) = 7,000 dpm/100 cm2 × (2,340/234) = 70,000 dpm/100 cm2.

Therefore, the average measurement of 70,000 dpm/100 cm2 corresponds to an industrial

occupancy dose of 25 mrem/yr for an individual located in this small isolated area for 234 hours

during a given year. Note that because the worker’s time over the contaminated area is one-tenth of

full-time occupancy, the screening value is adjusted up by a factor of 10 (2,340 h/yr ÷ 234 h/yr).

5.2 SURFACE SOIL CONTAMINATION EXAMPLE – SMALL ISOLATED AREA OF ELEVATED

ACTIVITY

A scoping survey identified a small area of elevated activity covering above 3 m2 near a culvert. The

dose analyst determines that it is overly conservative to assume full-time occupancy, but settles on a

prudently conservative 1% occupancy rate (i.e., ~70 hours). The surface area of 3.0 m2 is not an

option in Tables 4.1 or 4.4, so the power curve relationship it used to estimate the full-time

occupancy screening level is as follows:

4.2 / Surface Area (m2) =4.2 / 3.0 m2 = 1.4 pCi/g,

which is then adjusted to account for the smaller exposure time:

Screening Value (pCi/g) = 1.4 pCi/g / (0.01) = 140 pCi/g.

Therefore, the average concentration above 140 pCi/g in this small isolated area represents a dose of

25 mrem/yr. (Note the slightly different, but functionally equivalent, method for adjusting the

building surface contamination and surface soil contamination screening levels.) The same result is

achieved by multiplying 1.4 pCi/g by the factor [6,795/67.95]; that is 6,795/67.95 = 1/0.01.)


5.3 UNCERTAINTIES

Uncertainty is inherent in all dose calculations. For example, while it is possible to identify the most

exposed member of the public for specific situations, identification of the specific individual who

could receive the highest dose at some time (up to 1000 years) in the future is impractical, if not

impossible. The use of the AMCG acknowledges that any hypothetical “individual” used in the

performance assessment is based, in some manner, on the statistical results from data sets (i.e., the

breathing rate is based on the range of possible breathing rates) gathered from groups of individuals.

Calculating the dose to the AMCG is intended to bound the individual dose to other possible

exposure groups because the critical group is a relatively small group of individuals who, based on

their habits, actions, and characteristics, would receive the highest potential doses at some time in

the future. By using prudently conservative models, it is highly unlikely that any individual would

actually receive doses in excess of that calculated for the AMGC. That is, the approach provides

confidence that contamination levels below the screening values will result in a dose below 25

mrem/yr and that the site would not likely need further consideration. However, because of the

conservative nature of the analysis, contamination levels that exceed the screening levels may not

result in doses exceeding 25 mrem/yr if additional site-specific information is considered. In those

cases, a more complete site-specific dose assessment may be needed to determine whether the

radium contamination present could result in doses that would exceed the 25 mrem/yr limit.

As summarized in Section 2 of this technical basis document, NUREG 1757, Volume 2, Appendix

H (NRC 2006) describes conditions that warrant adjustments to the conceptual model used to

develop the screening values presented in this technical basis document. This technical basis

document is limited to generic conditions and surface contamination of buildings or surface soils.

Therefore, NRC inspectors should assess site conditions to the extent practicable to ensure that the

necessary conditions discussed in NUREG-1757, Vol. 2, Appendix H are operative at the site.

Because default exposure scenarios are used here, and given the detailed descriptions of associated

inputs and uncertainties in NUREG/CR-5512 Vols. 2, 3 and 4 (NRC 2001, 1999a, 1999b ), this

technical basis document discusses uncertainties that are directly related to site visit or scoping

survey data collection. More specifically, the inspector may be required to collect information to

support values used in the dose assessment including the:


• Size of the contaminated area (m2),

• Magnitude of radiation levels/contamination (dpm/100 cm2 or pCi/g),

• Location of contamination especially as it relates to habitable/occupied areas,

• Removable fraction of contamination, and

• RF (for buildings).

This information will be used to apply DSRs and screening values in Section 4 Table 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 or

4.4.

Section 4 tables provide DandD outputs based on uniform (average) unit concentrations for a range

of contaminant areas. Uncertainty in the screening level and dose estimate is lowered by making

adjustments, as described in the above examples, and by estimating and applying the actual size of

the contaminated medium. Uncertainty is also lowered by collecting measurements across the

contaminated area to estimate the average magnitude of contamination. This may require multiple

measurements for a large contiguous area or several small areas.

The location of contamination is also relevant, and accurate descriptions of the location and setting

may be used to adjust the screening level or dose estimate and, therefore, lower uncertainties. It may

be reasonable to assume some of the default pathways are currently incomplete and are expected to

remain incomplete, thus limiting or precluding the need to include the pathway in assessing human

exposures. Adjustments to exposure pathways or parameters may be justified, for example, when

site-specific conditions vary greatly from the generic conceptual model and that the site-specific

conditions would not be expected to change in the foreseeable future. For example, inspectors may

identify radium contamination in soils adjacent to an apartment complex. The setting is urban and

farming at any scale is implausible. Under this scenario, the dose analyst may be justified in

eliminating contributions from agricultural, drinking water, surface water, and irrigation pathways.

Dose contributions from the inhalation and secondary ingestion pathways are dependent on the

removable fraction for the industrial and residential building occupancy scenarios. DandD assumes a

default removable fraction (i.e., fraction of total contamination that is removable) of 10%. If the

removable fraction at a particular site is consistently greater than the default value, an adjustment

may be required to reduce the screening levels to account for the additional contribution from the

inhalation and secondary ingestion pathways. If the removable fraction is consistently less than the


10% default value, the existing screening levels will be conservative. Using the collection of smear

samples to evaluate the removable fraction, inspectors may be able to determine a consistent

deviation from the 10% default value. The tabulated “Pathway Dose from All Radionuclides” values

in the “Detailed Results” section of the output tables for the industrial and residential building

occupancy scenarios (see Appendix A) may be useful in adjusting the screening levels to site-specific

levels. The “Pathway Dose from All Radionuclides” in the “Detailed Results” section provides a

dose estimate that is a summation of the contributions from the pathways considered in each

building occupancy scenario (i.e., external, inhalation, and secondary ingestion). On a case-by-case

basis, site-specific information regarding the removable fraction may be used to determine the dose

attributable to each pathway and a site-specific level computed. For example, the site-specific level

may be lower than the screening level if the removable fraction is greater than the 10% default value,

or the site-specific level may be higher than the screening level if the removable fraction is less than

the 10% default value.

Finally, several factors, including the age of contamination, building ventilation, and occupational

activities occurring within the building can influence the need for an inspector to assess the

appropriateness of the RF for buildings. In general, sites contaminated with discrete sources of

radium are used for residential, commercial, and light industrial uses. The characteristics of these site

uses, activities, and age of contamination are expected to be generally consistent with the factors

considered to develop the RF used in this analysis as discussed in Section 3.3. As a result, inspectors

will typically not need to assess the RF at most sites contaminated with discrete sources of radium.

However, for sites where radium contamination may have been freshly deposited and building

ventilation or activity energy levels are significantly different than typical light industrial settings, a

site-specific assessment may need to be conducted to confirm that the RF used in this technical

basis document is appropriate for the specific site.

6. CONCLUSIONS

This technical basis document presents derived screening values that inspectors can use to

determine if radium contamination is of sufficient quantity to produce a radiological dose of 25

mrem/yr to the AMCG. Screening values were derived using the DandD code Version 2.4 and

allowing dose analysts to adjust the area of contamination so that a range of site conditions may be


considered in real time. Table 6.1 presents a summary of the screening value results for building

surfaces/structure assuming the AMCG is a building occupant (worker or resident), and for soil

assuming the AMCG is a resident farmer. Each concentration-based screening value represents a

dose of 25 mrem/yr to the respective receptor. Inspectors are expected to gather data during

scoping surveys to determine which value is most applicable.

Table 6.1. Derived Screening Value Summary by Scenario for Radium-226 and Associated Progeny (Ra-226+C)

Source Area

Building Surface Contamination, Worker Scenario

Building Surface Contamination,

Residential Scenario Surface Soil, Resident

Farmer Scenario (m2) (dpm/100 cm2)a (dpm/100 cm2)b (pCi/g)c

> 10 (unlimited) 1,400 630 0.6 7.5 1,800 840 0.6 5.0 2,700 1,300 0.8 2.5 5,500 2,500 1.7 1.0 14,000 6,300 4.2 0.1 140,000 63,000 42

All values presented to two digits or the to the tenths place. aFor small areas of elevated activity, follows the power relationship 14,000 / Surface Area (m2); 14,000 is rounded from 13,800. To generate exact matches, 13,800 must be used for 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 m2. bFor small areas of elevated activity, follows the power relationship 6,300 / Surface Area (m2). cFor small areas of elevated activity, follows the power relationship 4.2 / Surface Area (m2).


7. REFERENCES

EPA 2011. Exposure Factor Handbook: 2011 Edition. EPA/600/R-09/052F. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment. Washington, D.C. September.

NRC 1999a. Residual Radioactive Contamination from Decommissioning – Parameter Analysis. NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 3. Draft Report for Comment. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Risk Analysis and Applications. Washington, D.C. October.

NRC 1999b. Comparison of the Models and Assumptions used in the DandD 1.0, RESRAD 5.61, and RESRAD-Build 1.50 Computer Codes with Respect to the Residential Farmer and Industrial Occupant Scenarios Provided in NUREG/CR-5512. NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 4. Draft Report for Comment. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Risk Analysis and Applications. Washington, D.C. October.

NRC 2001. Residual Radioactive Contamination from Decommissioning – User’s Manual DandD Version 2.1. NUREG/CR-5512, Vol. 2. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. April.

NRC 2002. Re-evaluation of the Indoor Resuspension Factor for the Screening Analysis of the Building Occupancy Scenario for NRC's License Termination Rule. NUREG-1720. Draft Report for Comment. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Division of Waste Management. Washington, D.C. June.

NRC 2006. Consolidated Decommissioning Guidance – Characterization, Survey, and Determination of Radiological Criteria. NUREG-1757, Vol. 2, Rev. 1. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. Washington, D.C. September.

NRC 2016. Inspection of Facilities Potentially Contaminated with Discrete Source of Radium-226. Temporary Instruction 2800/043, Revision 0. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Material Safeguards. November.


APPENDIX A

DandD REPORT OUTPUTS


BUILDING SURFACE CONTAMINATION – INDUSTRIAL BUILDING OCCUPANT

11/16/2016 DandD Building Occupancy Scenario

file:///C:/Users/Christopher/DandD_Docs/Ra_Default_NUREG1720RF_UnlimitedArea_bld_Detail.htm 1/4

DandD Building Occupancy Scenario

DandD Version: 2.4.0 Run Date/Time: 11/16/2016 2:15:28 PMSite Name: Ra Program Description: Estimate possible radium screening levels for the Radium Program FileName:C:\Users\Christopher\DandD_Docs\Ra_Default_NUREG1720RF_UnlimitedArea.mcd

Options:Implicit progeny doses included with explicit parent doses Nuclide concentrations are NOT distributed among all progeny Number of simulations: 100 Seed for Random Generation: 8718721 Averages of sampled values used for behavioral and metabolic type parameters Averages of sampled values not used for derived behavioral or metabolic parameters

External Pathway is ON Inhalation Pathway is ON Secondary Ingestion Pathway is ON

Initial Activities:

NuclideArea of

Contamination (m2)Distribution

226Ra+C UNLIMITED CONSTANT(dpm/100 cm**2)

Justification for concentration: Unit value to generate dose tosource ratios Unlimited Area

Value 1.00E+00

Chain Data:Number of chains: 1

Chain No. 1: 226Ra+CNuclides in chain: 5

Nuclide ChainPosition

HalfLife

FirstParent

FractionalYield

SecondParent

FractionalYield

IngestionCEDEFactor(Sv/Bq)

InhalationCEDEFactor(Sv/Bq)

SurfaceDose RateFactor

((Sv/d)/(Bq/m2))

15 cmDose RateFactor

((Sv/d)/(Bq/m3))226Ra+C 1 5.84E+05222Rn 2 3.82E+00 1 1 0 0 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.41E14 9.81E16210Pb 3 8.15E+03 2 1 0 0 1.45E06 3.67E06 2.14E13 1.13E15210Bi 4 5.01E+00 3 1 0 0 1.73E09 5.29E08 9.06E14 1.61E15210Po 5 1.38E+02 4 1 0 0 5.14E07 2.54E06 7.16E16 2.11E17

Initial Concentrations:Note: All reported values are the upper bound of the symmetric 95% confidence interval for the 0.9 quantile value

Surface Concentration



Nuclide (dpm/100 cm**2)

226Ra 1.00E+00222Rn 1.00E+00210Pb 1.01E+00210Bi 1.01E+00210Po 1.01E+00

Model Parameters:

General Parameters:

Parameter Name Description Distribution

To:Time In Building The time in the building during theoccupancy period CONSTANT(hr/week)

Behavioral category: Default value used Value 4.50E+01

Tto:Occupancy Period The duration of the occupancy exposureperiod CONSTANT(days)


Vo:Breathing RateThe average volumetric breathing rateduring building occupancy for an 8hourwork day

CONSTANT(m**3/hr)

Metabolic category: Default value used Value 1.40E+00

RFo*:ResuspensionFactor

Effective resuspension factor during theoccupancy period = RFo * Fl LOGNORMALN(1/m)

Physical category: Justification for modification: NUREG1720 Mean of Ln(X) 1.48E+01Standard Deviation of Ln 7.48E01

Default DERIVED(1/m)

GO*:Ingestion RateEffective secondary ingestion transfer rate ofremovable surface activity from buildingsurfaces to the mouth during buildingoccupancy = GO * Fl

DERIVED(m**2/hr)

Behavioral category: Default value used

Tstart:Start Time The start time of the scenario in days CONSTANT(days)

Program Control category: Default value used Value 0.00E+00

Tend:End Time The ending time of the scenario in days CONSTANT(days)


dt:Time Step Size The time step size CONSTANT(days)


Pstep:Print Step SizeThe time steps for the history file. Doses willbe written to the history file every n timesteps

CONSTANT(none)


AOExt:ExternalExposure Area

Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed via external radiation duringoccupancy period

CONSTANT(m**2)


AOInh:InhalationExposure Area

Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed via inhalation during occupancyperiod

CONSTANT(m**2)


AOIng:SecondaryIngestion Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed via secondary ingestion duringoccupancy period

CONSTANT(m**2)




AO:Exposure Area Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed during the occupancy period DERIVED(m**2)


Fl:Loose Fraction Fraction of surface contamination availablefor resuspension and ingestion CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E01

Rfo:Loose ResuspensionFactor Resuspension factor for loose contamination CONTINUOUS LOGARITHMIC(1/m)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability9.12E06 0.00E+001.10E04 7.67E011.46E04 9.09E011.62E04 9.50E011.85E04 9.90E011.90E04 1.00E+00

GO:Loose IngestionRate

The secondary ingestion transfer rate ofloose removable surface activity frombuilding surfaces to the mouth duringbuilding occupancy

CONSTANT(m**2/hr)

Behavioral category: Default value used Value 1.10E04

Correlation Coefficients: None

Summary Results:90.00% of the 100 calculated TEDE values are < 1.69E02 mrem/year .The 95 % Confidence Interval for the 0.9 quantile value of TEDE is 1.61E02 to 1.83E02 mrem/year

Detailed Results:Note: All reported values are the upper bound of the symmetric 95% confidence interval for the 0.9 quantile value

Concentration at Time of Peak Dose:

Nuclide Surface Concentration(dpm/100 cm**2)


Pathway Dose from All Nuclides (mrem)

All PathwaysDose External Inhalation Secondary

Ingestion1.83E02 2.34E03 5.89E03 1.01E02

Radionuclide Dose through All Active Pathways (mrem)

Nuclide All PathwaysDose

226Ra 3.12E03



222Rn 2.33E03210Pb 8.84E03210Bi 4.55E05210Po 3.99E03All Nuclides 1.83E02

Dose from Each Nuclide through Each Active Pathway (mrem)

Nuclide External Inhalation SecondaryIngestion

226Ra 9.03E06 1.58E03 1.54E03222Rn 2.32E03 2.64E06 1.05E06210Pb 3.53E06 2.53E03 6.31E03210Bi 1.49E06 3.64E05 7.53E06210Po 1.18E08 1.75E03 2.24E03


BUILDING SURFACE CONTAMINATION – RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANT


file:///C:/Users/Christopher/DandD_Docs/Ra_Default_NUREG1720RF_UnlimitedArea_BldgRES_bld_Detail.htm 1/4

DandD Building Occupancy Scenario

DandD Version: 2.4.0 Run Date/Time: 11/16/2016 2:57:28 PMSite Name: Ra Program Description: Estimate possible radium screening levels for the Radium Program FileName:C:\Users\Christopher\DandD_Docs\Ra_Default_NUREG1720RF_UnlimitedArea_BldgRES.mcd

Options:Implicit progeny doses included with explicit parent doses Nuclide concentrations are NOT distributed among all progeny Number of simulations: 100 Seed for Random Generation: 8718721 Averages of sampled values used for behavioral and metabolic type parameters Averages of sampled values not used for derived behavioral or metabolic parameters

External Pathway is ON Inhalation Pathway is ON Secondary Ingestion Pathway is ON

Initial Activities:

NuclideArea of

Contamination (m2)Distribution

226Ra+C UNLIMITED CONSTANT(dpm/100 cm**2)

Justification for concentration: Unit value to generate dose tosource ratios Unlimited Area

Value 1.00E+00




HalfLife

FirstParent

FractionalYield

SecondParent

FractionalYield



SurfaceDose RateFactor

((Sv/d)/(Bq/m2))

15 cmDose RateFactor

((Sv/d)/(Bq/m3))226Ra+C 1 5.84E+05222Rn 2 3.82E+00 1 1 0 0 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.41E14 9.81E16210Pb 3 8.15E+03 2 1 0 0 1.45E06 3.67E06 2.14E13 1.13E15210Bi 4 5.01E+00 3 1 0 0 1.73E09 5.29E08 9.06E14 1.61E15210Po 5 1.38E+02 4 1 0 0 5.14E07 2.54E06 7.16E16 2.11E17


Surface Concentration



Nuclide (dpm/100 cm**2)


Model Parameters:

General Parameters:

Parameter Name Description Distribution

To:Time In Building The time in the building during theoccupancy period CONSTANT(hr/week)

Behavioral category: Justification for modification: NUREG/CR5512, Vol. 3,Table 6.87, Exposure Period: indoors. Equivalent to 240 days per year

Value 1.11E+02

Default CONSTANT(hr/week)

Value 4.50E+01

Tto:Occupancy Period The duration of the occupancy exposureperiod CONSTANT(days)


Vo:Breathing RateThe average volumetric breathing rateduring building occupancy for an 8hourwork day

CONSTANT(m**3/hr)

Metabolic category: Justification for modification: NUREG/CR5512, Vol.3,Table 6.87, Breathing rate: indoors

Value 9.00E01

Default CONSTANT(m**3/hr)

Value 1.40E+00

RFo*:ResuspensionFactor

Effective resuspension factor during theoccupancy period = RFo * Fl LOGNORMALN(1/m)

Physical category: Justification for modification: NUREG1720 Mean of Ln(X) 1.48E+01Standard Deviation of Ln 7.48E01

Default DERIVED(1/m)

GO*:Ingestion RateEffective secondary ingestion transfer rate ofremovable surface activity from buildingsurfaces to the mouth during buildingoccupancy = GO * Fl

DERIVED(m**2/hr)


Tstart:Start Time The start time of the scenario in days CONSTANT(days)


Tend:End Time The ending time of the scenario in days CONSTANT(days)


dt:Time Step Size The time step size CONSTANT(days)


Pstep:Print Step SizeThe time steps for the history file. Doses willbe written to the history file every n timesteps

CONSTANT(none)


AOExt:ExternalExposure Area

Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed via external radiation duringoccupancy period

CONSTANT(m**2)




AOInh:InhalationExposure Area

Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed via inhalation during occupancyperiod

CONSTANT(m**2)


AOIng:SecondaryIngestion Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed via secondary ingestion duringoccupancy period

CONSTANT(m**2)


AO:Exposure Area Minimum surface area to which occupant isexposed during the occupancy period DERIVED(m**2)


Fl:Loose Fraction Fraction of surface contamination availablefor resuspension and ingestion CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E01

Rfo:Loose ResuspensionFactor Resuspension factor for loose contamination CONTINUOUS LOGARITHMIC(1/m)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability9.12E06 0.00E+001.10E04 7.67E011.46E04 9.09E011.62E04 9.50E011.85E04 9.90E011.90E04 1.00E+00

GO:Loose IngestionRate

The secondary ingestion transfer rate ofloose removable surface activity frombuilding surfaces to the mouth duringbuilding occupancy

CONSTANT(m**2/hr)

Behavioral category: Default value used Value 1.10E04

Correlation Coefficients: None

Summary Results:90.00% of the 100 calculated TEDE values are < 3.75E02 mrem/year .The 95 % Confidence Interval for the 0.9 quantile value of TEDE is 3.62E02 to 3.98E02 mrem/year



Nuclide Surface Concentration(dpm/100 cm**2)



All PathwaysDose External Inhalation Secondary

Ingestion3.98E02 5.74E03 9.30E03 2.48E02





226Ra 6.28E03222Rn 5.71E03210Pb 1.95E02210Bi 7.97E05210Po 8.26E03All Nuclides 3.98E02


Nuclide External Inhalation SecondaryIngestion

226Ra 2.22E05 2.49E03 3.77E03222Rn 5.71E03 4.17E06 2.58E06210Pb 8.66E06 3.99E03 1.55E02210Bi 3.67E06 5.75E05 1.85E05210Po 2.90E08 2.76E03 5.49E03


SURFACE SOIL CONTAMINATION – RESIDENT FARMER

DandD Residential Scenario

DandD Version: 2.4.0 Run Date/Time: 12/13/2016 3:20:46 PMSite Name: Ra Program Description: Estimate possible radium screening levels for the Radium Program FileName:C:\Users\kingd\DandD_Docs\Ra_Default.mcd

Options:Implicit progeny doses included with explicit parent dosesNuclide concentrations are NOT distributed among all progeny Number of simulations: 100 Seed for Random Generation: 8718721 Averages of sampled values used for behavioral and metabolic type parametersAverages of sampled values not used for derived behavioral or metabolic parameters

External Pathway is ONInhalation Pathway is ONSecondary Ingestion Pathway is ONAgricultural Pathway is ONDrinking Water Pathway is ONIrrigation Pathway is ONSurface Water Pathway is ON

Initial Activities:

Nuclide Area of Contamination (m2) Distribution

226Ra+C UNLIMITED CONSTANT(pCi/g)

Justification for concentration: Unlimited Area Value 1.00E+00




HalfLife

FirstParent

FractionalYield

SecondParent

FractionalYield



SurfaceDose Rate

Factor((Sv/d)/

(Bq/m2))

15 cmDose Rate

Factor((Sv/d)/

(Bq/m3))


file:///C:/Users/kingd/DandD_Docs/Ra_Default_res_Detail.htm

226Ra+C 1 5.84E+05

222Rn 2 3.82E+00 1 1 0 0 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.41E-14

9.81E-16

210Pb 3 8.15E+03 2 1 0 0 1.45E-06 3.67E-06 2.14E-13

1.13E-15

210Bi 4 5.01E+00 3 1 0 0 1.73E-09 5.29E-08 9.06E-14

1.61E-15

210Po 5 1.38E+02 4 1 0 0 5.14E-07 2.54E-06 7.16E-16

2.11E-17


Nuclide Soil Concentration(pCi/g)


Model Parameters:

General Parameters:

Parameter Name Description DistributionTv(1):Translocation:Leafy

Translocation factor for leafy vegetables CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E+00

Tv(2):Translocation:Root

Translocation factor for other vegetables CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E-01

Tv(3):Translocation:Fruit Translocation factor for fruit CONSTANT(none)


Tv(4):Translocation:Grain Translocation factor for grain CONSTANT(none)


Tf(1):Translocation:Beef Forage

Translocation factor for forage consumed by beef cattle CONSTANT(none)


Tf(2):Translocation:Poultry Forage

Translocation factor for forage consumed by poultry CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E+00CONSTANT(none)



Tf(3):Translocation:Milk Cow

Translocatioin factor for forage consumed by milk cows


Tf(4):Translocation:Layer Hen Forage

Translocation factor for forage consumed by layer hens CONSTANT(none)


Tg(1):Translocation:Beef Grain

Translocation factor for stored grain consumed by beef cattle CONSTANT(none)


Tg(2):Translocation:Poultry Grain

Translocation factor for stored grain consumed by poultry CONSTANT(none)


Tg(3):Translocation:Milk Cow Grain

Translocation factor for stored grain consumed by milk cows CONSTANT(none)


Tg(4):Translocation:Layer Hen Grain

Translocation factor for stored grain consumed by layer hens CONSTANT(none)


Th(1):Translocation:Beef Hay

Translocation factor for stored hay consumed by beef cattle CONSTANT(none)


Th(2):Translocation:Poultry Hay

Translocation factor for stored hay consumed by poultry CONSTANT(none)


Th(3):Translocation:Milk Cow Hay

Translocation factor for stored hay consumed by milk cows CONSTANT(none)


Th(4):Translocation:Layer Hen Hay

Translocation factor for stored hay consumed by layer hens CONSTANT(none)


fca(1):Beef Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of beef cattle that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


fca(2):Poultry Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of poultry that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


fca(3):Milk Carbon Fraction Mass fraction of milk that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


fca(4):Eggs Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of an egg that is carbon CONSTANT(none)




fcf(1):Beef Forage Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet forage consumed by beef cattle that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fcf(2):Poultry Forage Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet forage consumed by poultry that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


fcf(3):Milk Cow Forage Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet forage consumed by milk cows that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fcf(4):Layer Hen Forage Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet forage consumed by layer hens that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fcg(1):Beef Grain Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored grain consumed by beef cattle that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fcg(2):Poultry Grain Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored grain consumed by poultry that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


fcg(3):Milk Cow Grain Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored grain consumed by milk cows that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fcg(4):Layer Hen Grain Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored grain consumed by layer hens that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fch(1):Beef Hay Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored hay consumed by beef cattle that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fch(2):Poultry Hay Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored hay consumed by poultry that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


fch(3):Milk Cow Hay Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored hay consumed by milk cows that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fch(4):Layer Hen Hay Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of wet stored hay consumed by layer hens that is carbon

CONSTANT(none)


fCd:Soil Carbon Fraction

Mass fraction of dry soil that is carbon CONSTANT(none)


SATac:Animal Product Specific Activity

Specific activity equivalence of animal product and specific activity of animal feed, forage, and soil

CONSTANT(none)


xf(1):Beef Forage Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of forage consumed by beef cattle that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)




xf(2):Poultry Forage Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of forage consumed by poultry that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xf(3):Milk Cow Forage Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of forage consumed by milk cows that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xf(4):Layer Hen Forage Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of forage consumed by layer hens that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xg(1):Beef Grain Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored grain consumed by beef cattle that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xg(2):Poultry Grain Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored grain consumed by poultry that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xg(3):Milk Cow Grain Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored grain consumed by milk cows that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xg(4):Layer Hen Grain Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored grain that is consumed by layer hens that is contaminated

CONSTANT(none)


xh(1):Beef Hay Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored hay consumed by beef cattle that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xh(2):Poultry Hay Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored hay consumed by poultry that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xh(3):Milk Cow Hay Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored hay consumed by milk cows that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xh(4):Layer Hen Hay Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of stored hay consumed by layer hens that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xw(1):Beef Water Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of water that is consumed by beef cattle that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xw(2):Poultry Water Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of water consumed by poultry that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xw(3):Milk Cow Water Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of water consumed by milk cows that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


xw(4):Layer Hen Water Contaminated Fraction

Fraction of water consumed by layer hens that is contaminated CONSTANT(none)


DIET:Garden Diet Fraction of human diet grown onsite CONSTANT(none)




Uv(1):Diet - Leafy Yearly human consumption of leafy vegetables

CONSTANT(kg/y)


Uv(2):Diet - Roots Yearly human consumption of other vegetables CONSTANT(kg/y)


Uv(3):Diet - Fruit Yearly human consumption of fruits CONSTANT(kg/y)


Uv(4):Diet - Grain Yearly human consumption of grains CONSTANT(kg/y)


Ua(1):Diet - Beef Yearly human consumption of beef CONSTANT(kg/y)


Ua(2):Diet - Poultry Yearly human consumption of poultry CONSTANT(kg/y)


Ua(3):Diet - Milk Yearly human consumption of milk CONSTANT(L/y)


Ua(4):Diet - Egg Yearly human consumption of eggs CONSTANT(kg/y)


Uf:Diet - Fish Yearly human consumption of fish produced from an onsite pond CONSTANT(kg/y)


tf:Consumption Period Consumption period for fish CONSTANT(days)


tcv(1):Consumption Period - Leafy

Food consumption period for leafy vegetables CONSTANT(days)


tcv(2):Consumption Period - Roots

Food consumption period for other vegetables CONSTANT(days)


tcv(3):Consumption Period - Fruit Food consumption period for fruits CONSTANT(days)


tcv(4):Consumption Period - Grain Food consumption period for grains CONSTANT(days)


tca(1):Consumption Period - Beef Food consumption period for beef CONSTANT(days)


tca(2):Consumption Period - Poultry

Food consumption period for poultry CONSTANT(days)


tca(3):Consumption Period - Milk Food consumption period for milk CONSTANT(days)


tca(4):Consumption Period - Egg Food consumption period for eggs CONSTANT(days)




Nunsat:Number of Unsaturated Layers

Number of model layers used to represent the unsaturated zone

CONSTANT(none)


TstartR:Start Time The start time of the scenario in days CONSTANT(days)


TendR:End Time The ending time of the scenario in days CONSTANT(days)


dtR:Time Step Size The time step size CONSTANT(days)


PstepR:Print Step SizeThe time steps for the history file. Doses will be written to the history file every n time steps

CONSTANT(none)


TI:Indoor Exposure Period The time the resident spends indoors CONSTANT(days/year)


TX:Outdoor Exposure Period

The time the resident spends outdoors CONSTANT(days/year)


TG:Gardening Exposure Period

The time the resident spends gardening CONSTANT(days/year)


TTR:Total time in period Total time in the one year exposure period CONSTANT(days/year)


SFI:Indoor Shielding Factor Shielding factor for the residence CONSTANT(none)

Behavioral category: Default value used Value 5.52E-01

SFO:Outdoor Shielding Factor Shielding factor for the cover soil CONSTANT(none)


PD:Floor dust loading Floor dust loading UNIFORM(g/m**2)

Physical category: Default value used Lower Limit 2.00E-02Upper Limit 3.00E-01

RFR:Indoor Resuspension Factor Resuspension factor for indoor dust LOGUNIFORM(1/m)


CDO:Outdoor Dust Loading Average dust loading outdoors LOGUNIFORM(g/m**3)


CDI:Indoor Dust Loading Average dust loading indoors DERIVED(g/m**3)

Physical category: Default value used

PF:Indoor/Outdoor Penetration Factor

Fraction of outdoor dust in indoor air UNIFORM(none)




hillst

Highlight

CDG:Gardening Dust Loading

Average dust loading while gardening

UNIFORM(g/m**3)


VR:Indoor Breathing Rate Breathing rate while indoors CONSTANT(m**3/hr)

Metabolic category: Default value used Value 9.00E-01

VX:Outdoor Breathing Rate Breathing rate while outdoors CONSTANT(m**3/hr)


VG:Gardening Breathing Rate Breathing rate while gardening CONSTANT(m**3/hr)


GR:Soil Ingestion Transfer Rate Average rate of soil ingestion CONSTANT(g/d)

Behavioral category: Default value used Value 5.00E-02

UW:Diet - Water Drinking water ingestion rate CONSTANT(L/d)


H1:Surface Soil Thickness Thickness of the surface soil layer CONSTANT(m)


H2:Unsaturated Zone Thickness Thickness of the unsaturated zone CONTINUOUS LINEAR(m)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability3.05E-01 0.00E+006.68E-01 4.76E-038.11E-01 9.52E-039.21E-01 1.43E-029.94E-01 1.91E-021.03E+00 2.38E-021.07E+00 2.86E-021.14E+00 3.33E-021.21E+00 3.81E-021.30E+00 4.29E-021.31E+00 4.76E-021.32E+00 5.24E-021.56E+00 5.71E-021.58E+00 6.19E-021.61E+00 6.67E-021.69E+00 7.62E-021.78E+00 8.57E-021.80E+00 9.05E-021.81E+00 9.52E-021.84E+00 1.00E-011.87E+00 1.05E-011.92E+00 1.10E-012.04E+00 1.14E-012.10E+00 1.19E-012.11E+00 1.24E-012.32E+00 1.29E-012.36E+00 1.33E-012.37E+00 1.38E-012.39E+00 1.43E-012.44E+00 1.48E-012.44E+00 1.52E-012.45E+00 1.57E-01



2.59E+00 1.62E-012.63E+00 1.67E-012.69E+00 1.71E-012.79E+00 1.76E-012.81E+00 1.81E-012.90E+00 1.86E-012.95E+00 1.91E-013.07E+00 1.95E-013.18E+00 2.00E-013.22E+00 2.05E-013.30E+00 2.10E-013.34E+00 2.14E-013.37E+00 2.19E-013.44E+00 2.24E-013.58E+00 2.29E-013.62E+00 2.33E-013.66E+00 2.38E-013.74E+00 2.43E-013.86E+00 2.48E-013.88E+00 2.52E-014.17E+00 2.57E-014.26E+00 2.62E-014.44E+00 2.71E-014.63E+00 2.76E-014.87E+00 2.81E-015.13E+00 2.86E-015.18E+00 2.91E-015.54E+00 2.95E-015.83E+00 3.00E-015.86E+00 3.05E-015.86E+00 3.10E-015.90E+00 3.14E-016.06E+00 3.19E-016.13E+00 3.24E-016.17E+00 3.29E-016.22E+00 3.33E-016.31E+00 3.38E-016.36E+00 3.43E-016.40E+00 3.48E-016.46E+00 3.52E-016.51E+00 3.57E-016.55E+00 3.62E-016.60E+00 3.67E-016.86E+00 3.71E-016.93E+00 3.76E-016.95E+00 3.86E-016.97E+00 3.91E-017.09E+00 3.95E-017.18E+00 4.00E-017.35E+00 4.05E-017.36E+00 4.10E-017.40E+00 4.14E-017.43E+00 4.19E-017.46E+00 4.24E-017.59E+00 4.29E-017.60E+00 4.33E-017.64E+00 4.38E-017.87E+00 4.43E-018.10E+00 4.48E-018.28E+00 4.52E-018.35E+00 4.57E-018.71E+00 4.62E-018.71E+00 4.67E-01



8.73E+00 4.71E-018.79E+00 4.76E-018.80E+00 4.81E-018.82E+00 4.86E-018.85E+00 4.91E-018.89E+00 4.95E-018.90E+00 5.00E-018.99E+00 5.05E-019.00E+00 5.10E-019.13E+00 5.14E-019.14E+00 5.19E-019.21E+00 5.24E-019.31E+00 5.29E-019.55E+00 5.33E-019.60E+00 5.38E-019.63E+00 5.43E-019.86E+00 5.48E-011.05E+01 5.52E-011.07E+01 5.57E-011.13E+01 5.62E-011.15E+01 5.67E-011.17E+01 5.71E-011.20E+01 5.76E-011.26E+01 5.81E-011.26E+01 5.86E-011.28E+01 5.91E-011.32E+01 5.95E-011.32E+01 6.00E-011.34E+01 6.05E-011.34E+01 6.10E-011.36E+01 6.14E-011.37E+01 6.19E-011.38E+01 6.24E-011.41E+01 6.29E-011.45E+01 6.33E-011.51E+01 6.38E-011.52E+01 6.43E-011.61E+01 6.48E-011.62E+01 6.52E-011.65E+01 6.57E-011.66E+01 6.62E-011.69E+01 6.67E-011.74E+01 6.71E-011.82E+01 6.76E-011.84E+01 6.81E-011.84E+01 6.86E-011.87E+01 6.91E-011.95E+01 6.95E-012.01E+01 7.00E-012.07E+01 7.05E-012.08E+01 7.10E-012.17E+01 7.14E-012.24E+01 7.19E-012.27E+01 7.24E-012.29E+01 7.29E-012.29E+01 7.33E-012.40E+01 7.38E-012.47E+01 7.43E-012.60E+01 7.48E-012.65E+01 7.52E-012.72E+01 7.57E-012.73E+01 7.62E-012.76E+01 7.67E-01



2.77E+01 7.71E-012.78E+01 7.76E-012.80E+01 7.81E-012.86E+01 7.86E-012.94E+01 7.91E-013.01E+01 7.95E-013.03E+01 8.00E-013.06E+01 8.10E-013.08E+01 8.14E-013.11E+01 8.19E-013.17E+01 8.24E-013.17E+01 8.29E-013.17E+01 8.33E-013.22E+01 8.38E-013.39E+01 8.43E-013.48E+01 8.48E-013.54E+01 8.52E-013.60E+01 8.57E-013.68E+01 8.62E-014.03E+01 8.67E-014.07E+01 8.71E-014.24E+01 8.76E-014.29E+01 8.81E-014.42E+01 8.86E-014.72E+01 8.91E-014.97E+01 8.95E-015.12E+01 9.00E-016.13E+01 9.05E-016.19E+01 9.10E-016.23E+01 9.14E-016.32E+01 9.19E-016.59E+01 9.24E-016.73E+01 9.29E-017.47E+01 9.33E-017.92E+01 9.38E-018.12E+01 9.43E-018.28E+01 9.48E-018.47E+01 9.52E-018.96E+01 9.57E-019.47E+01 9.62E-011.08E+02 9.67E-011.13E+02 9.71E-011.15E+02 9.76E-011.42E+02 9.81E-011.77E+02 9.86E-011.78E+02 9.91E-011.80E+02 9.95E-013.16E+02 1.00E+00

N1:Surface Soil Porosity Porosity of the surface soil layer DERIVED(none)


N2:Unsaturated Zone Porosity Porosity of the unsaturated zone DERIVED(none)


F1:Surface Soil Saturation

Saturation ratio of the surface soil layer DERIVED(none)


F2:Unsaturated Zone Saturation

Saturation ratio of the unsaturated zone DERIVED(none)




INFIL:Infiltration Rate Net rate of infiltration to aquifer DERIVED(m/y)


SCSST:Soil Classification SCS soil classification ID DISCRETE CUMULATIVE(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability1.00E+00 1.00E-042.00E+00 1.34E-033.00E+00 1.06E-024.00E+00 2.51E-025.00E+00 6.17E-026.00E+00 1.09E-017.00E+00 1.62E-018.00E+00 2.12E-019.00E+00 2.85E-011.00E+01 5.10E-011.10E+01 7.58E-011.20E+01 1.00E+00

NDEV:Porosity Probability

Relative porosity value within the distribution for this soil type UNIFORM(none)

Physical category: Default value used Lower Limit 0.00E+00Upper Limit 1.00E+00

KSDEV:Permeability Probability

Relative permeability value within the distribution for this soil type UNIFORM(none)


BDEV:Parameter "b" Probability

Relative value of "b" parameter within the distribution for this soil type

UNIFORM(none)


AP:Water Application Rate

Total water application rate on cultivated area CONTINUOUS LINEAR(m/y)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability6.07E-01 0.00E+006.10E-01 4.62E-016.35E-01 4.76E-017.62E-01 5.40E-018.89E-01 6.29E-011.02E+00 7.05E-011.14E+00 8.04E-011.27E+00 8.79E-011.40E+00 9.41E-011.52E+00 9.82E-011.65E+00 9.98E-011.78E+00 1.00E+00

IR:Irrigation Rate Annual average irrigation rate CONSTANT(L/m**2-d)


RHO1:Surface Soil Density

Bulk density of soil in the surface soil layer DERIVED(g/mL)


RHO2:Unsaturated Zone Density

Bulk density of soil in the unsaturated zone DERIVED(g/mL)


Ksat1:Surface Soil Permeabiliy

Saturated permeability of the surface soil layer DERIVED(cm/sec)




VDR:Volume of Water Consumed

Volume of water withdrawn for consumptive use CONSTANT(L)


VSW:Volume of Water in Pond Volume of water in the pond CONSTANT(L)


AR:Cultivated Area Area of land cultivated DERIVED(m**2)


sh:Soil Moisture Content Moisture content of soil DERIVED(none)


TTG:Gardening Period Total time in gardening period CONSTANT(days)


TD:Drinking-water consumption period Drinking-water consumption period CONSTANT(days)


THV(1):Holdup Period : Leafy Holdup period for leafy vegetables CONSTANT(days)


THV(2):Holdup Period : Other vegetables Holdup period for other vegetables CONSTANT(days)


THV(3):Holdup Period : Fruits Holdup period for fruits CONSTANT(days)


THV(4):Holdup Period : Grains Holdup period for grains CONSTANT(days)


THA(1):Holdup Period : Beef Holdup period for beef CONSTANT(days)


THA(2):Holdup Period : Poultry Holdup period for poultry CONSTANT(days)


THA(3):Holdup Period : Milk Holdup period for milk CONSTANT(days)


THA(4):Holdup Period : Eggs Holdup period for eggs CONSTANT(days)


TGV(1):Growing Period : Leafy

Minimum growing period for leafy vegetables CONSTANT(days)


TGV(2):Growing Period : Other vegetables

Minimum growing period for other vegetables CONSTANT(days)


TGV(3):Growing Period : Fruits Minimum growing period for fruits CONSTANT(days)




TGV(4):Growing Period : Grains Minimum growing period for grains CONSTANT(days)


TGF(1):Growing Period : Beef Forage

Minimum growing period for forage consumed by beef cattle CONSTANT(days)


TGF(2):Growing Period : Poultry Forage

Minimum growing period for forage consumed by poultry DERIVED(days)


TGF(3):Growing Period : Milk Cow Forage

Minimum growing period for forage consumed by milk cows DERIVED(days)


TGF(4):Growing Period : Layer Hen Forage

Minimum growing period for forage consumed by layer hens DERIVED(days)


TGG(1):Growing Period : Beef Cow Grain

Minimum growing period for stored grain consumed by beef cattle CONSTANT(days)


TGG(2):Growing Period : Poultry Grain

Minimum growing period for stored grain consumed by poultry DERIVED(days)


TGG(3):Growing Period : Milk Cow Grain

Minimum growing period for stored grain consumed by milk cows DERIVED(days)


TGG(4):Growing Period : Layer Hen Grain

Minimum growing period for stored grain consumed by layer hens DERIVED(days)


TGH(1):Growing Period : Beef Cow Hay

Minimum growing period for stored hay consumed by beef cattle CONSTANT(days)


TGH(2):Growing Period : Poultry Hay

Minimum growing period for stored hay consumed by poultry DERIVED(days)


TGH(3):Growing Period : Milk Cow Hay

Minimum growing period for stored hay consumed by milk cows DERIVED(days)


TGH(4):Growing Period : Layer Hen Hay

Minimum growing period for stored hay consumed by layer hens DERIVED(days)


RV(1):Interception Fraction : Leafy

Interception fraction for leafy vegetables UNIFORM(none)


Interception fraction for other vegetables

UNIFORM(none)



RV(2):Interception Fraction : Other vegetablesPhysical category: Default value used Lower Limit 1.00E-01

Upper Limit 6.00E-01

RV(3):Interception Fraction : Fruits Interception fraction for fruits UNIFORM(none)


RV(4):Interception Fraction : Grains Interception fraction for grains UNIFORM(none)


RF(1):Interception Fraction : Beef Forage

Interception fraction for beef cattle forage UNIFORM(none)


RF(2):Interception Fraction : Poultry forage

Interception fraction for poultry forage DERIVED(none)


RF(3):Interception Fraction : Milk Cow Forage

Interception fraction for milk cow forage DERIVED(none)


RF(4):Interception Fraction : Layer Hen Forage

Interception fraction for layer hen forage DERIVED(none)


RG(1):Interception Fraction : Beef Cow Grain

Interception fraction for beef cattle grain UNIFORM(none)


RG(2):Interception Fraction : Poultry Grain

Interception fraction for poultry grain DERIVED(none)


RG(3):Interception Fraction : Milk Cow Grain

Interception fraction for milk cow grain DERIVED(none)


RG(4):Interception Fraction : Layer Hen Grain

Interception fraction for layer hen grain DERIVED(none)


RH(1):Interception Fraction : Beef Cow Hay

Interception fraction for beef cattle hay DERIVED(none)


RH(2):Interception Fraction : Poultry Hay Interception fraction for poultry hay DERIVED(none)




RH(3):Interception Fraction : Milk Cow Hay

Interception fraction for milk cow hay

DERIVED(none)


RH(4):Interception Fraction : Layer Hen Hay

Interception fraction for layer hen hay DERIVED(none)


YV(1):Crop Yield : Leafy Crop yield for leafy vegetables CONTINUOUS LINEAR(kg wet wt/m**2)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability2.70E+00 0.00E+002.71E+00 1.60E-032.74E+00 6.00E-032.76E+00 1.76E-022.78E+00 4.36E-022.80E+00 8.48E-022.82E+00 1.56E-012.85E+00 2.57E-012.87E+00 3.64E-012.89E+00 5.00E-012.91E+00 6.39E-012.93E+00 7.46E-012.96E+00 8.42E-012.98E+00 9.09E-013.00E+00 9.60E-013.02E+00 9.84E-013.04E+00 9.94E-013.07E+00 9.97E-013.09E+00 9.99E-013.11E+00 1.00E+003.13E+00 1.00E+003.15E+00 1.00E+00

YV(2):Crop Yield : Other Crop yield for other vegetables CONTINUOUS LINEAR(kg wet

wt/m**2)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability2.26E+00 0.00E+002.29E+00 8.00E-042.30E+00 1.20E-032.31E+00 6.40E-032.33E+00 1.52E-022.34E+00 3.28E-022.35E+00 7.44E-022.36E+00 1.40E-012.38E+00 2.49E-012.39E+00 3.80E-012.40E+00 5.30E-012.42E+00 6.61E-012.43E+00 7.88E-012.44E+00 8.86E-012.45E+00 9.42E-012.47E+00 9.75E-012.48E+00 9.88E-012.49E+00 9.96E-012.51E+00 9.97E-012.52E+00 9.99E-012.53E+00 1.00E+002.54E+00 1.00E+00

YV(3):Crop Yield : Fruits Crop yield for fruits CONTINUOUS LINEAR(kg wet

wt/m**2)



Physical category: Default value used Value Probability2.17E+00 0.00E+002.20E+00 1.20E-032.21E+00 2.40E-032.23E+00 6.80E-032.25E+00 1.80E-022.27E+00 4.36E-022.29E+00 7.64E-022.31E+00 1.38E-012.32E+00 2.14E-012.34E+00 3.27E-012.36E+00 4.50E-012.38E+00 5.76E-012.40E+00 6.87E-012.42E+00 7.88E-012.43E+00 8.68E-012.45E+00 9.25E-012.47E+00 9.60E-012.49E+00 9.81E-012.51E+00 9.92E-012.53E+00 9.98E-012.54E+00 1.00E+002.56E+00 1.00E+00

YV(4):Crop Yield : Grains Crop yield for grains CONTINUOUS LINEAR(kg wet

wt/m**2)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability2.85E-01 0.00E+002.90E-01 6.00E-043.02E-01 2.80E-033.14E-01 9.40E-033.26E-01 2.14E-023.38E-01 5.42E-023.50E-01 1.08E-013.62E-01 2.02E-013.74E-01 3.15E-013.86E-01 4.50E-013.98E-01 5.92E-014.10E-01 7.20E-014.23E-01 8.26E-014.35E-01 9.03E-014.47E-01 9.51E-014.59E-01 9.77E-014.71E-01 9.91E-014.83E-01 9.96E-014.95E-01 9.99E-015.07E-01 1.00E+005.19E-01 1.00E+005.31E-01 1.00E+00

YF(1):Crop Yield : Beef Forage Crop yield for beef cattle forage BETA(kg dry wt forage/m**2)

Physical category: Default value used Lower Limit 3.70E-01Upper Limit 5.24E-01p 2.36E+00q 1.40E+00

YF(2):Crop Yield : Poultry Forage Crop yield for poultry forage DERIVED(kg wet wt forage/m**2)


YF(3):Crop Yield : Milk Cow Forage Crop yield for milk cow forage DERIVED(kg wet wt forage/m**2)




YF(4):Crop Yield : Layer Hen Forage Crop yield for layer hen forage DERIVED(kg wet wt forage/m**2)


YG(1):Crop Yield : Beef Cow Grain Crop yield for beef cattle grain NORMAL(kg dry wt grain /m**2)

Physical category: Default value used Mean 5.78E-01Standard Deviation 7.77E-02

YG(2):Crop Yield : Poultry Grain Crop yield for poultry grain DERIVED(kg wet wt grain /m**2)


YG(3):Crop Yield : Milk Cow Grain Crop yield for milk cow grain DERIVED(kg wet wt grain /m**2)


YG(4):Crop Yield : Layer Hen Grain Crop yield for layer hen grain DERIVED(kg wet wt grain /m**2)


YH(1):Crop Yield : Beef Cow Hay Crop yield for beef cattle hay DERIVED(kg wet wt/m**2)


YH(2):Crop Yield : Poultry Hay Crop yield for poultry hay DERIVED(kg wet wt/m**2)


YH(3):Crop Yield : Milk Cow Hay Crop yield for milk cow hay DERIVED(kg wet wt/m**2)


YH(4):Crop Yield : Layer Hen Hay Crop yield for layer hen hay DERIVED(kg wet wt/m**2)


WV(1):Wet/dry : Leafy Vegetables

Wet/dry conversion factor for leafy vegetables CONTINUOUS LINEAR(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability3.32E-02 0.00E+004.89E-02 3.45E-025.47E-02 6.91E-025.96E-02 1.04E-016.36E-02 1.38E-016.70E-02 1.73E-017.05E-02 2.07E-017.38E-02 2.42E-017.48E-02 2.50E-017.72E-02 2.76E-018.03E-02 3.11E-018.34E-02 3.45E-018.66E-02 3.80E-019.00E-02 4.15E-019.36E-02 4.49E-019.73E-02 4.84E-019.91E-02 4.99E-011.01E-01 5.18E-011.05E-01 5.53E-011.09E-01 5.87E-011.13E-01 6.22E-011.18E-01 6.56E-01



1.23E-01 6.91E-011.29E-01 7.25E-011.33E-01 7.50E-011.35E-01 7.60E-011.42E-01 7.94E-011.50E-01 8.29E-011.59E-01 8.64E-011.70E-01 8.98E-011.85E-01 9.33E-012.10E-01 9.67E-012.56E-01 9.91E-013.24E-01 1.00E+00

WV(2):Wet/dry : Other Vegetables

Wet/dry conversion factor for other vegetables CONTINUOUS LINEAR(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability3.58E-02 0.00E+004.87E-02 3.45E-025.46E-02 6.91E-025.90E-02 1.04E-016.29E-02 1.38E-016.69E-02 1.73E-017.02E-02 2.07E-017.34E-02 2.42E-017.41E-02 2.50E-017.65E-02 2.76E-017.99E-02 3.11E-018.32E-02 3.45E-018.66E-02 3.80E-019.05E-02 4.15E-019.41E-02 4.49E-019.82E-02 4.84E-019.98E-02 4.99E-011.02E-01 5.18E-011.06E-01 5.53E-011.09E-01 5.87E-011.14E-01 6.22E-011.19E-01 6.56E-011.24E-01 6.91E-011.29E-01 7.25E-011.33E-01 7.50E-011.35E-01 7.60E-011.42E-01 7.94E-011.50E-01 8.29E-011.59E-01 8.64E-011.70E-01 8.98E-011.87E-01 9.33E-012.12E-01 9.67E-012.62E-01 9.91E-013.13E-01 1.00E+00

WV(3):Wet/dry : Fruit Wet/dry conversion factor for fruits CONTINUOUS LINEAR(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability3.66E-02 0.00E+004.87E-02 3.45E-025.45E-02 6.91E-025.93E-02 1.04E-016.31E-02 1.38E-016.72E-02 1.73E-017.10E-02 2.07E-017.44E-02 2.42E-017.52E-02 2.50E-017.78E-02 2.76E-01



8.13E-02 3.11E-018.45E-02 3.45E-018.78E-02 3.80E-019.11E-02 4.15E-019.46E-02 4.49E-019.82E-02 4.84E-019.97E-02 4.99E-011.02E-01 5.18E-011.06E-01 5.53E-011.10E-01 5.87E-011.14E-01 6.22E-011.19E-01 6.56E-011.24E-01 6.91E-011.29E-01 7.25E-011.34E-01 7.50E-011.35E-01 7.60E-011.42E-01 7.94E-011.49E-01 8.29E-011.58E-01 8.64E-011.70E-01 8.98E-011.87E-01 9.33E-012.14E-01 9.67E-012.58E-01 9.91E-013.25E-01 1.00E+00

WV(4):Wet/dry : Grain Wet/dry conversion factor for grains CONSTANT(none)


WF(1):Wet/dry : Beef Cow Forage

Wet/dry conversion factor for beef cattle forage BETA(none)


WF(2):Wet/dry : Poultry Forage

Wet/dry conversion factor for poultry forage DERIVED(none)


WF(3):Wet/dry : Milk Cow Forage

Wet/dry conversion factor for milk cow forage DERIVED(none)


WF(4):Wet/dry : Layer Hen Forage

Wet/dry conversion factor for layer hen forage DERIVED(none)


WG(1):Wet/dry : Beef Cow Grain

Wet/dry conversion factor for beef cattle grain CONSTANT(none)


WG(2):Wet/dry : Poultry Grain

Wet/dry conversion factor for poultry grain DERIVED(none)


WG(3):Wet/dry : Milk Cow Grain

Wet/dry conversion factor for milk cow grain DERIVED(none)


WG(4):Wet/dry : Layer Hen Grain

Wet/dry conversion factor for layer hen grain DERIVED(none)

Physical category: Default value usedWet/dry conversion factor for beef cattle hay

DERIVED(none)



WH(1):Wet/dry : Beef Cow HayPhysical category: Default value used

WH(2):Wet/dry : Poultry Hay

Wet/dry conversion factor for poultry hay DERIVED(none)


WH(3):Wet/dry : Milk Cow Hay

Wet/dry conversion factor for milk cow hay DERIVED(none)


WH(4):Wet/dry : Layer Hen Hay

Wet/dry conversion factor for layer hen hay DERIVED(none)


QF(1):Ingestion Rate : Beef Cow Forage Ingestion rate for beef cattle forage BETA(kg dry wt forage/d)

Physical category: Default value used Lower Limit 1.69E+00Upper Limit 2.29E+00p 1.99E+00q 9.11E-01

QF(2):Ingestion Rate : Poultry Forage Ingestion rate for poultry forage BETA(kg dry wt forage/d)


QF(3):Ingestion Rate : Milk Cow Forage Ingestion rate for milk cow forage CONTINUOUS LINEAR(kg dry wt

forage/d)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability6.35E+00 0.00E+006.77E+00 3.45E-026.96E+00 6.91E-027.10E+00 1.04E-017.24E+00 1.38E-017.35E+00 1.73E-017.47E+00 2.07E-017.57E+00 2.42E-017.60E+00 2.50E-017.67E+00 2.76E-017.77E+00 3.11E-017.87E+00 3.45E-017.98E+00 3.80E-018.08E+00 4.15E-018.18E+00 4.49E-018.31E+00 4.84E-018.37E+00 4.99E-018.42E+00 5.18E-018.54E+00 5.53E-018.67E+00 5.87E-018.81E+00 6.22E-018.95E+00 6.56E-019.10E+00 6.91E-019.26E+00 7.25E-019.38E+00 7.50E-019.45E+00 7.60E-019.68E+00 7.94E-019.93E+00 8.29E-011.02E+01 8.64E-011.06E+01 8.98E-01



1.11E+01 9.33E-011.20E+01 9.67E-011.33E+01 9.91E-011.53E+01 1.00E+00

QF(4):Ingestion Rate : Layer Hen Forage Ingestion rate for layer hen forage BETA(kg dry wt forage/d)

Physical category: Default value used Lower Limit 1.19E-02Upper Limit 2.22E-02p 1.45E+00q 7.92E-01

QG(1):Ingestion Rate : Beef Cattle Grain Ingestion rate for beef cattle grain BETA(kg dry wt grain/d)


QG(2):Ingestion Rate : Poultry Grain Ingestion rate for poultry grain BETA(kg dry wt grain/d)


QG(3):Ingestion Rate : Milk Cow Grain Ingestion rate for milk cow grain NORMAL(kg dry wt grain/d)

Physical category: Default value used Mean 1.71E+00Standard Deviation 2.62E-01

QG(4):Ingestion Rate : Layer Hen Grain Ingestion rate for layer hen grain BETA(kg dry wt grain/d)

Physical category: Default value used Lower Limit 3.58E-02Upper Limit 6.67E-02p 1.43E+00q 7.92E-01

QH(1):Ingestion Rate : Beef Cattle Hay Ingestion rate for beef cattle hay BETA(kg dry wt hay/d)


QH(2):Ingestion Rate : Poultry Hay Ingestion rate for poultry hay CONSTANT(kg dry wt hay/d)


QH(3):Ingestion Rate : Milk Cow Hay Ingestion rate for milk cow hay CONTINUOUS LINEAR(kg dry wt

hay/d)

Physical category: Default value used Value Probability5.12E+00 0.00E+005.43E+00 3.45E-025.57E+00 6.91E-025.68E+00 1.04E-015.79E+00 1.38E-015.89E+00 1.73E-015.98E+00 2.07E-016.06E+00 2.42E-016.08E+00 2.50E-016.14E+00 2.76E-016.22E+00 3.11E-016.30E+00 3.45E-01



6.38E+00 3.80E-016.46E+00 4.15E-016.54E+00 4.49E-016.63E+00 4.84E-016.67E+00 4.99E-016.72E+00 5.18E-016.81E+00 5.53E-016.92E+00 5.87E-017.03E+00 6.22E-017.13E+00 6.56E-017.26E+00 6.91E-017.39E+00 7.25E-017.49E+00 7.50E-017.56E+00 7.60E-017.70E+00 7.94E-017.89E+00 8.29E-018.11E+00 8.64E-018.39E+00 8.98E-018.75E+00 9.33E-019.44E+00 9.67E-011.05E+01 9.91E-011.27E+01 1.00E+00

QH(4):Ingestion Rate : Layer Hen Hay Ingestion rate for layer hen hay CONSTANT(kg dry wt hay/d)


QW(1):Water Rate : Beef Cattle Water ingestion rate for beef cattle CONSTANT(L/d)


QW(2):Water Rate : Poultry Water ingestion rate for poultry CONSTANT(L/d)


QW(3):Water Rate : Milk Cows Water ingestion rate for milk cows CONSTANT(L/d)


QW(4):Water Rate : Layer Hens Water ingestion rate for layer hens CONSTANT(L/d)


QD(1):Soil Fraction : Beef Cattle Soil intake fraction for beef cattle CONSTANT(none)


QD(2):Soil Fraction : Poultry Soil intake fraction for poultry CONSTANT(none)


QD(3):Soil Fraction : Milk Cows Soil intake fraction for milk cows CONSTANT(none)


QD(4):Soil Fraction : Layer Hens Soil intake fraction for layer hens CONSTANT(none)


MLV(1):Mass-Loading : Leafy Vegetables

Mass-loading factor for leafy vegetables CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E-01Mass-loading factor for other vegetables

CONSTANT(none)



MLV(2):Mass-Loading : Other VegetablesPhysical category: Default value used Value 1.00E-01

MLV(3):Mass-Loading : Fruits Mass-loading factor for fruits CONSTANT(none)


MLV(4):Mass-Loading : Grains Mass-loading factor for grains CONSTANT(none)


LAMBDW:Weathering Rate

Weathering rate for activity removal from plants CONSTANT(1/d)


MLF(1):Mass-Loading : Beef Cow Forage

Mass-loading factor for beef cattle forage CONSTANT(none)


MLF(2):Mass-Loading : Poultry Forage

Mass-loading factor for poultry forage CONSTANT(none)


MLF(3):Mass-Loading : Milk Cow Forage

Mass-loading factor for milk cow forage CONSTANT(none)


MLF(4):Mass-Loading : Layer Hen Forage

Mass-loading factor for layer hen forage CONSTANT(none)


MLG(1):Mass-Loading : Beef Cattle Grain

Mass-loading factor for beef cattle grain CONSTANT(none)


MLG(2):Mass-Loading : Poultry Grain

Mass-loading factor for poultry grain CONSTANT(none)


MLG(3):Mass-Loading : Milk Cow Grain

Mass-loading factor for milk cow grain CONSTANT(none)


MLG(4):Mass-Loading : Layer Hen Grain

Mass-loading factor for layer hen grain CONSTANT(none)


MLH(1):Mass-Loading : Beef Cattle Hay

Mass-loading factor for beef cattle hay CONSTANT(none)


MLH(2):Mass-Loading : Poultry Hay Mass-loading factor for poultry hay CONSTANT(none)


MLH(3):Mass-Loading : Milk Cow Hay

Mass-loading factor for milk cow hay CONSTANT(none)


MLH(4):Mass-Loading : Layer Hen Hay

Mass-loading factor for layer hen hay CONSTANT(none)




TFF(1):Feeding Period : Beef Cow Forage

Feeding period for beef cattle forage CONSTANT(days)


TFF(2):Feeding Period : Poultry Forage Feeding period for poultry forage CONSTANT(days)


TFF(3):Feeding Period : Milk Cow Forage Feeding period for milk cow forage CONSTANT(days)


TFF(4):Feeding Period : Layer Hen Forage Feeding period for layer hen forage CONSTANT(days)


TFG(1):Feeding Period : Beef Cattle Grain Feeding period for beef cattle grain CONSTANT(days)


TFG(2):Feeding Period : Poultry Grain Feeding period for poultry grain CONSTANT(days)


TFG(3):Feeding Period : Milk Cow Grain Feeding period for milk cow grain CONSTANT(days)


TFG(4):Feeding Period : Layer Hen Grain Feeding period for layer hen grain CONSTANT(days)


TFH(1):Feeding Period : Beef Cattle Hay Feeding period for beef cattle hay CONSTANT(days)


TFH(2):Feeding Period : Poultry Hay Feeding period for poultry hay CONSTANT(days)


TFH(3):Feeding Period : Milk Cow Hay Feeding period for milk cow hay CONSTANT(days)


TFH(4):Feeding Period : Layer Hen Hay Feeding period for layer hen hay CONSTANT(days)


TFW(1):Water Period : Beef Cattle

Water ingestion period for beef cattle CONSTANT(days)


TFW(2):Water Period : Poultry Water ingestion period for poultry CONSTANT(days)


TFW(3):Water Period : Milk Cows

Water ingestion period for milk cows CONSTANT(days)


TFW(4):Water Period : Layer Hens

Water ingestion period for layer hens CONSTANT(days)




fha(1):Hydrogen Fraction : Beef Cattle

Hydrogen fraction for beef cattle CONSTANT(none)


fha(2):Hydrogen Fraction : Poultry Hydrogen fraction for poultry CONSTANT(none)


fha(3):Hydrogen Fraction : Milk Cows Hydrogen fraction for milk cows CONSTANT(none)


fha(4):Hydrogen Fraction : Eggs Hydrogen fraction for eggs CONSTANT(none)


fhv(1):Hydrogen Fraction : Leafy Vegetables

Hydrogen fraction for leafy vegetables CONSTANT(none)


fhv(2):Hydrogen Fraction : Other Vegetables

Hydrogen fraction for other vegetables CONSTANT(none)


fhv(3):Hydrogen Fraction : Fruits Hydrogen fraction for fruits CONSTANT(none)


fhv(4):Hydrogen Fraction : Grains Hydrogen fraction for grains CONSTANT(none)


fhf(1):Hydrogen Fraction : Beef Cow Forage

Hydrogen fraction for beef cattle forage CONSTANT(none)


fhf(2):Hydrogen Fraction : Poultry Forage Hydrogen fraction for poultry forage CONSTANT(none)


fhf(3):Hydrogen Fraction : Milk Cow Forage

Hydrogen fraction for milk cow forage CONSTANT(none)


fhf(4):Hydrogen Fraction : Layer Hen Forage

Hydrogen fraction for layer hen forage CONSTANT(none)


fhh(1):Hydrogen Fraction : Beef Cattle Hay

Hydrogen fraction for beef cattle hay CONSTANT(none)


fhh(2):Hydrogen Fraction : Poultry Hay Hydrogen fraction for poultry hay CONSTANT(none)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.00E-01Hydrogen fraction for milk cow hay CONSTANT(none)



fhh(3):Hydrogen Fraction : Milk Cow HayPhysical category: Default value used Value 1.00E-01

fhh(4):Hydrogen Fraction : Layer Hen Hay

Hydrogen fraction for layer hen hay CONSTANT(none)


fhg(1):Hydrogen Fraction : Beef Cattle Grain

Hydrogen fraction for beef cattle grain CONSTANT(none)


fhg(2):Hydrogen Fraction : Poultry Grain Hydrogen fraction for poultry grain CONSTANT(none)


fhg(3):Hydrogen Fraction : Milk Cow Grain

Hydrogen fraction for milk cow grain CONSTANT(none)


fhg(4):Hydrogen Fraction : Layer Hen Grain

Hydrogen fraction for layer hen grain CONSTANT(none)


fhd016:Hydrogen Fraction : Soil Fraction of hydrogen in soil DERIVED(none)


sasvh:Tritium Equivalence: Plant/Soil Tritium equivalence: plant/soil CONSTANT(none)


sawvh:Tritium Equivalence: Plant/Water

Tritium equivalence: plant/water CONSTANT(none)


satah:Tritium Equivalence: Animal Products

Tritium equivalence: animal product intake CONSTANT(none)


YA(1):Animal Product Yield : Beef Cattle

Annual yield of beef per individual animal CONSTANT(kg/y)


YA(2):Animal Product Yield : Poultry

Annual yield of chicken per individual animal CONSTANT(kg/y)


YA(3):Animal Product Yield : Milk Cows

Annual yield of milk per individual animal CONSTANT(L/y)


YA(4):Animal Product Yield : Layer Hens

Annual yield of eggs per individual animal CONSTANT(kg/y)

Physical category: Default value used Value 1.26E+01CONSTANT(m**2)



ARExt:External Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which resident is exposed via external radiation during residential period


ARInh:Inhalation Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which resident is exposed via inhalation during residential period

CONSTANT(m**2)


ARIng:Secondary Ingestion Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which resident is exposed via secondary ingestion during residential period

CONSTANT(m**2)


ARAgr:Agricultural Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which resident is exposed via any agricultural product during residential period

DERIVED(m**2)


ARH2O:Groundwater Exposure Area

Minimum surface area to which resident is exposed via groundwater during residential period

DERIVED(m**2)


ARAll:Exposure AreaMinimum surface area to which resident is exposed via any pathway during the residential period

DERIVED(m**2)


Element Dependant Parameters

Parameter Name Description DistributionPb:Coefficient Partition coefficient for Pb NORMAL(Log10(mL/g))

Default value used Mean 3.38E+00Standard Deviation 1.20E+00

Bi:Coefficient Partition coefficient for Bi NORMAL(Log10(mL/g))

Default value used Mean 2.65E+00Standard Deviation 1.40E+00

Po:Coefficient Partition coefficient for Po NORMAL(Log10(mL/g))

Default value used Mean 2.26E+00Standard Deviation 7.30E-01

Rn:Coefficient Partition coefficient for Rn CONSTANT(mL/g)

Default value used Value 0.00E+00

Ra:Coefficient Partition coefficient for Ra NORMAL(Log10(mL/g))

Default value used Mean 3.55E+00Standard Deviation 7.40E-01

Pb:Leafy Leafy plant concentration factor for Pb LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt leafy per pCi/kg soil)

Default value used Mean of Ln(X) -3.10E+00Standard Deviation of Ln 9.04E-01

Bi:Leafy Leafy plant concentration factor for Bi LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt leafy per pCi/kg soil)




Po:Leafy Leafy plant concentration factor for Po LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt leafy per pCi/kg soil)


Rn:Leafy Leafy plant concentration factor for Rn CONSTANT(pCi/kg dry-wt leafy per pCi/kg soil)


Ra:Leafy Leafy plant concentration factor for Ra LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt leafy per pCi/kg soil)


Pb:Root Root plant concentration factor for Pb LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt roots per pCi/kg soil)


Bi:Root Root plant concentration factor for Bi LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt roots per pCi/kg soil)


Po:Root Root plant concentration factor for Po LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt roots per pCi/kg soil)


Rn:Root Root plant concentration factor for Rn CONSTANT(pCi/kg dry-wt roots per pCi/kg soil)


Ra:Root Root plant concentration factor for Ra LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt roots per pCi/kg soil)


Pb:Fruit Fruit concentration factor for Pb LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt fruit per pCi/kg soil)


Bi:Fruit Fruit concentration factor for Bi LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt fruit per pCi/kg soil)


Po:Fruit Fruit concentration factor for Po LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt fruit per pCi/kg soil)


Rn:Fruit Fruit concentration factor for Rn CONSTANT(pCi/kg dry-wt fruit per pCi/kg soil)


Ra:Fruit Fruit concentration factor for Ra LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt fruit per pCi/kg soil)


Pb:Grain Grain concentration factor for Pb LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt grain per pCi/kg soil)


Bi:Grain Grain concentration factor for Bi LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt grain per pCi/kg soil)




Po:Grain Grain concentration factor for Po LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt grain per pCi/kg soil)


Rn:Grain Grain concentration factor for Rn CONSTANT(pCi/kg dry-wt grain per pCi/kg soil)


Ra:Grain Grain concentration factor for Ra LOGNORMAL-N(pCi/kg dry-wt grain per pCi/kg soil)


Pb:Beef Beef transfer factor for Pb CONSTANT(d/kg)

Default value used Value 3.00E-04

Bi:Beef Beef transfer factor for Bi CONSTANT(d/kg)


Po:Beef Beef transfer factor for Po CONSTANT(d/kg)


Rn:Beef Beef transfer factor for Rn CONSTANT(d/kg)


Ra:Beef Beef transfer factor for Ra CONSTANT(d/kg)


Pb:Poultry Poultry transfer factor for Pb CONSTANT(d/kg)


Bi:Poultry Poultry transfer factor for Bi CONSTANT(d/kg)


Po:Poultry Poultry transfer factor for Po CONSTANT(d/kg)


Rn:Poultry Poultry transfer factor for Rn CONSTANT(d/kg)


Ra:Poultry Poultry transfer factor for Ra CONSTANT(d/kg)


Pb:Milk Milk transfer factor for Pb CONSTANT(d/L)


Bi:Milk Milk transfer factor for Bi CONSTANT(d/L)


Po:Milk Milk transfer factor for Po CONSTANT(d/L)


Rn:Milk Milk transfer factor for Rn CONSTANT(d/L)


Ra:Milk Milk transfer factor for Ra CONSTANT(d/L)


Pb:Eggs Egg transfer factor for Pb CONSTANT(d/kg)


Bi:Eggs Egg transfer factor for Bi CONSTANT(d/kg)


Po:Eggs Egg transfer factor for Po CONSTANT(d/kg)




Rn:Eggs Egg transfer factor for Rn CONSTANT(d/kg)


Ra:Eggs Egg transfer factor for Ra CONSTANT(d/kg)


Pb:Factor Bioaccumulation factor for Pb in fish CONSTANT(pCi/kg wet-wt fish per pCi/L water)


Bi:Factor Bioaccumulation factor for Bi in fish CONSTANT(pCi/kg wet-wt fish per pCi/L water)


Po:Factor Bioaccumulation factor for Po in fish CONSTANT(pCi/kg wet-wt fish per pCi/L water)


Rn:Factor Bioaccumulation factor for Rn in fish CONSTANT(pCi/kg wet-wt fish per pCi/L water)


Ra:Factor Bioaccumulation factor for Ra in fish CONSTANT(pCi/kg wet-wt fish per pCi/L water)


Correlation Coefficients:

Parameter One Parameter Two Correlation Coefficient

KSDEV:Permeability Probability

BDEV:Parameter "b" Probability -0.35

Default value used

NDEV:Porosity Probability BDEV:Parameter "b" Probability -0.35

Default value used

Summary Results:90.00% of the 100 calculated TEDE values are < 4.14E+01 mrem/year .The 95 % Confidence Interval for the 0.9 quantile value of TEDE is 3.84E+01 to 4.39E+01mrem/year



Nuclide Soil Concentration(pCi/g)

Water Concentration(pCi/l)

226Ra 1.00E+00 1.34E-15222Rn 1.00E+00 1.44E-08210Pb 1.01E+00 1.46E-10



210Bi 1.01E+00 1.43E-10210Po 1.01E+00 1.87E-10


All PathwaysDose Agricultural Drinking

WaterSurfaceWater External Inhalation Secondary

Ingestion Irrigation

4.39E+01 3.90E+01 1.69E-09 4.48E-09 4.61E+00 1.05E-02 1.23E-01 4.10E-09



226Ra 4.89E+00222Rn 4.59E+00210Pb 2.48E+01210Bi 3.18E-02210Po 9.58E+00All Nuclides 4.39E+01


Nuclide Agricultural DrinkingWater

SurfaceWater External Inhalation Secondary

Ingestion Irrigation

226Ra 4.85E+00 8.17E-16 1.23E-15 1.50E-02 2.81E-03 1.87E-02 1.78E-15222Rn 3.16E-03 6.04E-12 0.00E+00 4.59E+00 4.70E-06 1.28E-05 2.45E-14210Pb 2.44E+01 3.61E-10 8.86E-10 1.21E-03 4.50E-03 7.70E-02 8.92E-10210Bi 2.95E-02 4.22E-13 1.55E-13 1.72E-03 6.49E-05 9.19E-05 1.07E-12210Po 9.54E+00 1.64E-10 1.59E-09 2.26E-05 3.12E-03 2.73E-02 8.50E-10



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