Chapter 2

Chapter 2- who was the founder of singapore?Done by:HarrisYee KiatZacharyDylan WongLiang Yi

1What you will learnWhy Singapore was chosen by the BritishThe founding of Singapore

Did you know??In 1969, the theme of singapores national day celebration was the 150th anniversary of the founding of singapore. The nation issued a set of six commemorative stamps. 2Who is sir stamford raffles?He is popularly regared and honoured as the founder and architect of Singapore.

3Where is the statues of raffles situated?Beside the old parliament houseIn front of the Victoria Concert hall

4Why was singapore chosen by the british?They were competing fiercely outside Europe for PROFIT and MONOPOLY of trade routes.

5What had the british and dutch developed?BritishDutchChinaThe Malay ArchipelagoIndiaJavaA small part of The Malay ArchipelagoMelakaThis is why competition was so fierce between the British and the Dutch.

6What did the british need to do to use the dutchs port?They were charged high fees for using the portThey had to pay heavy taxes on goods which they sold or bought. They had to fly a Dutch flag and carry a Dutch permit or pass.They were not allowed to trade with any ports except Dutch-controlled ones.

7What ports did the British and Dutch have?BritishDutchPenangMelakaBencoolenJavaThe Malay Archipelago8Comparing the Britishs and Dutchs portsBritishDutchPenang-It was lying to the far north of the Straits of Melaka and was not very useful for controlling the Straits of Melaka and protecting british ships using the Straits.Melaka-It had a better position in the Straits. It was useful for controlling the Straits of Melaka.Bencoolen-It was situated on the wrong side of Sumatra, facing the Indian Ocean instead of the Straits of Melaka.Melaka- It could control the Straits of Melaka unlike Bencoolen as it was out of the way.9What about Raffles?He was concerned about the British losing out to the Dutch.He wrote to the British East India Company to inform them of the dangerous situation they were facing.He then began his search for an ideal place for the British to start a new trading settlement.

10Why did Raffles believe that Singapore was suitable as a port?Singapore had:-An excellent harbour.A good supply of drinking water.It occupies a central position in the Straits of Melaka. It is in a commanding position to protect their trading ships between China and India.

11What problems did the british face in starting a trading settlement in singapore?Only the Sultan could allow the British to start such a settlement. However, the Sultan was under the control of the Dutch.The comic strip on pg 26 explains why.12How did the British solve the problem?They acknowleged the younger son(Tengku Hussein) as the rightful sultan and asked him for permission instead. He agreed and British managed to use Singapore as their port. 13What did both parties stand to gain?BritishTemenggongTengku HusseinThey had a good port to make money for them.He got an allowance of $3,000 a year.He got an allowance of $5,000 a year.

14Why was the treaty important to the british?The treaty was signed on 6 February 1819.It gave the Birtish East India Compant the right to establish a trading settlement in the southern part of Singapore. 15What did the Dutch do?They were very angry with Raffles for setting up a settlement in Singapore. They claimed that Singapore indirectly belonged to them.Both the E.I.C. directors and the government in Britain were very displeased with Raffles for starting a quarrel between them.

16Did they go to war?No. They did not. Why?Both parties had nothing to gain from war.They would only lose money and not earn any money. They were in a dangerous situation as if they went into war, other countries could easily come and destroy them.

17Anglo-Dutch TreatyThe Dutch and British government signed this in 17 March 1824 allowing British to keep Singapore. The Dutch gave their port of Melaka to Britain in exchange for the British port of Bencoolen in Sumatra.

18Did Singapore become a British colony in 1819?When Raffles concluded the 6 February 1819 treaty, the British did not gain control of the island yet. Singapore only officially became a British colony in August 1824 when the British extended control over the whole island. Dr. John Crawfurd, the second Resident of Singapore, was the one who made Singapore a British possession. He signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein over the whole island to the British East India Company in return for the payment of larger sums of money than what they had previously received. 19