.~

EMOTION AND BEHAVIOUR

By

DONALD HARVEY SHATTUCK, B.A., M.A.

fer t.he negr.ee

Dect.er ef Phllo.ephy

McMa.t.er Unlver.ity

© by Donal d Harvey Shat tuck 1988

EMOTION AND BEHAVIOUR

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DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (1999> .(Psychology)

McMASTER UNIVERSITYHamilton, Ontario

TITLE: Emotion and B.haviour

Author: Donald Harvey Shattuck, B.A. (Univeraity of "Lethbridge)

M.A. <Univeralty of Guelph)

SUPERVISOR: Professor L. Siegel

NUMBER OF PAGES: x, 142

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-,A ~.thq~ of ex..ining.how ..otian.'.ight aff.ct

.·l.arned behaviour wa. developed and thr•• hypotn-••••

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concerning th.·passibl."elfects of ..otions w.r.. ~ .. ' " .'investi~ated. The fir.t wa. that '••atians .ay have

state-dep.nd.nt properti •• by which th.y af~.ct the di.p{.y. 1 I

~~f learn~d b.haviour. A b.~avlaur learn.d in the cont.xt of

a particular ..otion ••y b••or. likely to occur wh.n that•-......atian is .xp.ri.nc.d sub••qu.ntly. Thi. hypoth.si •

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wa. supported by the finding that four-y.ar-ald childr.n

r.spond.d non-aggr••siv.ly wh.n·fru.trat.d if this behaviour" ~

had pr.viou.ly b••n l.arn.d in the cont.xt of frustration.

Th.y did nat r.spo~ Aggr••• iv.ly "h.n fru.trat.d if

aggr••• ion had b••n learn.d in the context of

.nan-fru.tration. The ••cand hypothe.i. wa. that b.haviour).

l.arn.d during ••ational arousal is aore lik.ly to occur

.ub••qu.nt~y. p.rhap. b.caus. it i. b.tt.r r ••••b.r.d. than

is b.haviour learn.d in a 1•••••otianal .ituation. This

hypathe.is'Ma. only partially support.d. Th. ~hird

.and are .or. lik.ly to b. l.arn.d In the cant.xt of .0••

••otion. than are ath.r behaviour.. There ts .videnc.

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..behaviour.. Thi. hypothe.i. N~. not .upported. A~though

:th~rt ,~. a con.l.tent .•exdifference i~ aggr•••ian, ·the

..ount ot aggre••io~ ~y .Ither ·.ex "a. nQt aff.ct.d ~y the. '

p~•••n~e of fru.t~~tia~;·.ltherduring l.arning or te.tlng.. . ~ ~

The re.ult••upport the u.efuln••• of the .ethodolagy

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~nd Jl'~IC.~tr that ••ot·ton. aff•.ct the d~.play of voluntary," . .. ...;

pu~pa••ful behaviour,.- e.peclally in a .tate- or

context~~ep.ndent .anner..- ~

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sa•• implication. of th••e r••ult•

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I.otion I•• topic th.t do•• not'f.ll .xclusiv.ly

IntQ .ny ....11 -dri'i n.d .r•• of p.ychology •. .thi.'th••i. i. not a th••i. in d.v.lap••nt.l or cognitlv. or

.aclal ~.YChalagy. ·altftaugh It cantalna .I...nt. at tha•• and

ath.r di.clplin... It i~ • difTlcult .att.r, th.n, to find

co••ltt•••••b.r. ~illing to com••n~ on • th•• i. th.t

n.c••••rily cant.in••l.m.nt. out.ld. of th.ir r ••p.ctlv.

ar••• of .xp.rtl... Nor can I cl.im to have ma.t.red the

div.r•••r ••• of Dr. W. Carm.nt, Dr. D. d.Catanzaro, Dr.. L.

Under.t.ndably, th.n, I am grateful for their willingn••• toI

r ••d my th••l., to con.ider the l ••u•• th.y had littl.

intere.t in, .nd to ov.rlaok my n.lvet. about the l ••u•• th.y

kn.... ,.".ll. '- In particuI.r, I would like to th.nk Dr. Linda

Sl.g.l, who agr••d to .up.rvi •• the th••i.. Without h.r, I

could nat have pur.u.d .y id.a. of .motion .nd b.haviour. I

am .~p.cially pl••••d ~h.t Dr. l.e Brook••xpended the tim.

".nd .nergy th.t he did in improving lIy und.r.tandlng of

cognitiv. psychology. Mo.t importantly, Dr. H.rv.y

Weingart.n kna.... I cannot thank hi••nough. I ...on't even

try.'

I .. ind.bt.d to others ......11. ·Support .nd

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.ncaura9_ent- h•• bKO••• trlt. phr•••• but ...h.n ~ppllecC'to

Ra••••ry. it, is nat. J.•n.t' .nd~ruc. b.c... ·CJoad frlend.~.

offlc••at•••nd fel10... co.pl.in.r., and Gordon ••t .n

t.x__pl e of sports••nship th.t I couldn't folio.... Fin.lly, 1

...ould like to d.dic.t. this th.sis to .y .oth.r .nd .1.ter,

and to tne •••ory of .y,f.th.r. Without the•• I" ...ould n.ver

h.v••tt.nded • University in the first place.

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Lllit Df FI~~r.f .

I nt'roduc t t an •••••••••.••••••••••••••••• -. • • • • ••••

ix

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· .stimuli and b.h.viour •••••••.tat•• and behaviour ••••••stimuli .nd m.mory ••••••••••.tat•• and m.mory •••••••••••

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12161819222426

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Ov.rvi ....ExternalInternalExt.rnalIntern.lSummary •• it ••••••••••••••••

Alt.rn.tiv. vi .Effects of arou••l •••••.••••~ •••••Inn.t••motional b.haviour •••••••••••Emotional b.haviour .nd 1~.rnin9 •••••

Pr•••nt r ••••rch

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............

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

30303132323333343839404041

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• •••

...

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•• III ••

• • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

·...........................

D•• ign Con.id.ratio~••••••••••••••.Ext.rnal cont.xtual cu~.

T••ching ~by mod.ll in9 •.••••. .,.. .••••.Inducing .motion•••••••••Subject •• l.ction ••••.•.•••.....•••••

Gen.ral M.thodSubject•••••••••••••••••••••Apparatu.Procedure •••••••••••• ,. ••••..••••••

Fru.tration proc.dur•••••••••.•••••••Non-fru.tration procedure ••••••T••ting proc.dur. ~••••••••Stati.tic.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I' ••••••••••••. 43

........................................................M.thod •• ~ ••••••••••••R••ult.Discussion ••.

.... ........ • • • • 4347:50

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Experiment.2 ., •••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

.••••••••••••••••••••••• i ••••••••",. .

...j. MethodRe.ult•••••Di.cu•• ion

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Exper·lm_J:'t '3 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I

•••••••' I

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

...~ .......................••••

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• • • • •an innate r ••pon.ea :tearned re.pon.ea prepared re.pon.e

a.a.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

IntroductionAggr••• ionAggr••• ionAggr••• ion a.Conclusions

MethodRe.u 1t. . ..... ,.Di.cu•• ien

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Exp..rim.nt 4 ••••••••••••••••• " •••••.••••••••••••••••••••

.... 4' ••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••

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Method •••••••••.•••/ R.sults ••••••••

Di!lc~!I.ion

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E ')( p.rim.n t ~ •••••••••••.•.• .••••••••• J- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••

..........M.thod .••.Re.ult,aDiscus.ion

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Discussion. Implic"atlons and Criticisms ••...••••...••.•

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FiC3ur.

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2.

Inflatable. pla.tic robot and toy box· used in th~

.xper 1m.nt.. . : .

D•• ign of Experiment 1 .howing whether th4Ubj~ct5in .ach group are frustrated or not fr~strat dduring ~ach of the two training s~s.ions•••••••••.•

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J. Percentage. of subjects ~ Experiment 1who imitated non-aggres.ive behaviour and thepercentage. who imitated Aggre.sive behaviour.

4. Percentage. of subjects in Experiment 1who approached the red hand of the robot andthe percentage. who approached the gr••n hand.

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De.ign of Experiment 2 showing wh.th~r the subjectsin Groups 2 and J saw the non-aggressive or theaggre•• ive model during eAch training s~s5ion.

(Percentages of SUbjects in Experiment 2~who imitat.d non-aggre•• ive behaviour and t~~

percentages who imitated aggressive behaviour •......~,

Percentage. of subject. in Experiment 2who approached the red hand of the robot andthe" percentage. who approached the gr.en hand.

De.ign of Experiment 3 showing whether the subjectsin each gr.oup are frustrated or not frustratedduring both the training and the test •••• icns.

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9. Percentage. of 'subjects in Experiment 3who imitated non-aggressive behaviour and thepercentage. who imi~ated aggre.sive behaviour.

10. Percentag•• of subjects in Experiment 3who approached the red hand of the robot andthe percentage. who approached the green hand.

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