domed structures of masonry
DESCRIPTION
Our activity consists of the detailed analysis of the domed masonry structures , basing on the historical knowledge of these and on the geometric analysis of this ones, applying technology of last generation to analyze traditional systems of construction, which they have demonstrated to be effective for more than 1500 years. The Biomechanics is an interdisciplinary area of knowledge and in turn a scientific discipline that studies the models, phenomena and laws that are relevant in the movement (including the static one) of the live beings and that in turn there takes as an aim the study of the structures of mechanical character of the same ones, fundamentally of the human body. This knowledge area rests on diverse biomedical sciences, using the knowledge of the mechanics, the engineering, the anatomy, the physiology and other disciplines, to study the behavior of the human body and to solve the problems derived from the diverse conditions that it can be submitted to. Among the diverse methodologies that this discipline applies we have the Analysis of behavior tension - deformation directly. This type of analysis is busy to determining the "resistance" of a biological material before the execution of a force that acts on this one. These forces, in general sense, can be of compressive type or traction type, and they will generate in the structure fundamental changes that determine its initial state and its behavior before the actions. If we extrapolate this discipline to the plane of the masonry structures, and we consider that these are alive elements, in terms of structural behavior, we might take advantage of this discipline in order to find methods and systems that make them recover its initial properties without new aggressions causing it and respecting its original behavior, and this is what we do.TRANSCRIPT
0
DOMED STRUCTURES OF
MASONRY
SERVICES DOSSIER
1
1.- Introduction.
Our activity consists of the detailed analysis of the domed masonry
structures , basing on the historical knowledge of these and on the
geometric analysis of this ones, applying technology of last generation to
analyze traditional systems of construction, which they have
demonstrated to be effective for more than 1500 years.
The Biomechanics is an interdisciplinary area of knowledge and in turn a
scientific discipline that studies the models, phenomena and laws that are
relevant in the movement (including the static one) of the live beings and
that in turn there takes as an aim the study of the structures of
mechanical character of the same ones, fundamentally of the human
body. This knowledge area rests on diverse biomedical sciences, using the
knowledge of the mechanics, the engineering, the anatomy, the
physiology and other disciplines, to study the behavior of the human body
and to solve the problems derived from the diverse conditions that it can
be submitted to.
Among the diverse methodologies that this discipline applies we have the
Analysis of behavior tension - deformation directly. This type of analysis is
busy to determining the "resistance" of a biological material before the
execution of a force that acts on this one. These forces, in general sense,
can be of compressive type or traction type, and they will generate in the
structure fundamental changes that determine its initial state and its
behavior before the actions. If we extrapolate this discipline to the plane
of the masonry structures, and we consider that these are alive elements,
in terms of structural behavior, we might take advantage of this discipline
in order to find methods and systems that make them recover its initial
properties without new aggressions causing it and respecting its original
behavior, and this is what we do.
2
1.1.- Methodology
For the structural analysis of the existing building we use models who
reflect adequately the current state of the building. The uncertainties
associated with the models have been born in mind by means of partial
coefficients adapted in semiprobabilistic analysis and by means of the
introduction of a variable of the model in probabilistic analysis. In the
analysis there is born in mind the level of uncertainty relative to the
conditions and to the condition(state) of the elements. To these effects,
the assumed dispersion adjusts, between others, for the portable capacity
of the elements.
With all this information and the above-mentioned analysis, it is possible
to determine with great precision which is the behavior of the element
before the solicitations and even, it is possible to determine the necessary
methodology of repair and/or reinforcement in order that the element
works in a sure way.
The safety coefficient is geometric (not tensional), and it will come
expressed from percentage form being determined by the hypothesis of
alignment of the joints that indicates which is the point of collapse or limit
state of the element basing on the " Theory of the States Limit " of Jacques
Heyman. With the definite geometry, the state of loads fixed, and
following) Jacques Heyman's principles, we choose a " Line of Force " of
between all those who fulfill the Theorem of Security, which minor
horizontal push produces. Above mentioned " Line of Force " offers us
several results: First the reactions in the supports. Second, the tension of
work in every point of the element. Third, the Geometric Coefficient of
Security in every point of the element. Fourth the critical points, those
that the Geometric Coefficient of Security is minimal, being the points
where the joints will be produced and consistently where the cracks will
appear.
Like in any construction, the conceptual valid format for the treatment of
the existing constructions consists of comparing the solicitations with the
resistant capacitie. The first thing solves with so exactly weighted
structural analysis, endowed today of powerful tools, but that must be
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used with great reason and using different approximations. The structural
analysis of masonry needs of special methodologies adapted to structures
that they are not, constant means, not formed by materials that resist so
well in traction as in compression, but discontinuous structures, capable
of resisting high compressions but unable to resist simple tractions,
though they mobilize resistant mechanisms
2.- Services
Our service passes from the simple analysis of any type of domed
element, domes, arches, bridges, etc …, well be of brick or of rubbles,
determining its current situation, its state and enclosed of structural
security the methodology and materials necessary for its repair. Also the
behavior of the masonry is considered inside our methodologies of repair
before the earthquakes and the systems of repair and reinforcement of
these, to grant a better behavior to them before these natural
phenomena.
Likewise there is generated a report of situation of the element posterior
to the repair indicating the state of structural security in the one that
places after the repair.
To sum up, we offer an integral service of study of domed elements that
allows its conservation and repair by an effective and compatible
methodes with the peculiar behavior of this type of structures. Also it
allows us to offer the possibility of the construction of a new vault with
the justification of corresponding calculation and of conformity to the in
force regulation.
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2.1.- Tools
We rely on great quantity of tools of measurement and auscultation, that
they allow us to realize a detailed and precise evaluation relating to the
condition(state) of the element, realizing enclosed endoscopic analysis to
determine the interior situation of the element.
Besides the extensive experience of the team in the study of these
elements, we rely on the tool of calculation CARYBO, not commercial tool
of calculation directed specifically to the analysis of this type elements.
CARYBO is an IT tool, of own elaboration, for the calculation and analysis
of structures of masonry (of stone or ceramics) including arches, vaults,
buttresses, stirrups, stairs and walls. The field of action is any structural
piece that works exclusively to compression. In 1998 was been edited the
book " Bóvedas Extremeñas ", which authors were Manuel Fortea Luna
and Vicente Lopez Bernal. In the second part of the work appears a set of
tables of calculation of 24 vaults, in which from a few simple information a
few basic results are obtained by every type of vault. For the confection of
these tables a small program was in use on a standard spreadsheet, which
was turning a graphical problem into strictly numerical other one. Since
then up to today the program has been improved and extended
progressively and successively up to the last version of the year 2011 on
support Java, which has been registered by the N º of Record 14-2011-
548. By means of CARYBO's numerical analysis, we manage to establish
detailed the structural situation of the element separating into its
elements it in segments and finding with great precision the situation of
each one of them and it behavior as a whole.
The tool used for the structural analysis is a software of own calculation named CARYBO. New recruit in the Territorial Record of the Intellectual Property of
the Meeting of Estremadura, with the seat registral 14/2011/548, with date of effects on November 18 of 2.011, according to request núm. BA/78/11, in
agreement with the Law of Intellectual Property (legislative R.D. 1/1996 of April 12), whose title assignee appears addressed to Manuel Fortea Luna.
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Descomposition in Segments of Different Types
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10%< > 20%
20%< > 30%
30%< > 40%
40%< > 50%
50%< > 60%
60%< > 70%
70%< > 80%
80%< > 90%
90%< > 100%
0%< > 10%
10%< > 20%
20%< > 30%
30%< > 40%
40%< > 50%
50%< > 60%
60%< > 70%
70%< > 80%
80%< > 90%
90%< > 100%
0%< > 10%
10%< > 20%
20%< > 30%
30%< > 40%
40%< > 50%
50%< > 60%
60%< > 70%
70%< > 80%
80%< > 90%
90%< > 100%
0%< > 10%
Cromatography of Behavior according to Types
Dome
Fan Vault
Edges Vault
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10%< > 20%
20%< > 30%
30%< > 40%
40%< > 50%
50%< > 60%
60%< > 70%
70%< > 80%
80%< > 90%
90%< > 100%
0%< > 10%
10%< > 20%
20%< > 30%
30%< > 40%
40%< > 50%
50%< > 60%
60%< > 70%
70%< > 80%
80%< > 90%
90%< > 100%
0%< > 10%
10%< > 20%
20%< > 30%
30%< > 40%
40%< > 50%
50%< > 60%
60%< > 70%
70%< > 80%
80%< > 90%
90%< > 100%
0%< > 10%
Baida Vault
Canon Vault
Nerve Vault
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Results of Calculation
