Domains, Kingdoms, and Phyla

Grouping OrganismsAnd Classification

Age of Life on Earth

• 3.5 billion years ago (prokaryotes came first)

• 1.5 million species have been named by classification system called taxonomy (to name and group organisms in a logical manner)

Domains3 largest classification groups

Archaea

Eubacteria

Eukarya

THREE Domains…Kingdoms

Eubacteria Archaea EukaryaProkaryotic (no true nucleus) (true nucleus)

(true bacteria) (extreme (protistsbacteria) fungi

plants animals)

TAXONS

• Domain (3): Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya• Kingdom (6)• Phylum • Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• PROKARYOTIC• No true nucleus

(called a nucleoid)• smaller

• EUKARYOTIC• True nucleus with a

membrane• larger

• Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Six Kingdoms: Get Handout

Two Domains are Prokaryotic• Genetic material NOT in a nucleus

(called a nucleoid instead)• INCLUDES:

1. Eubacteria –true bacteria2. Archaea – extreme bacteria(sometimes “archaebacteria”)• Bacteria Youtube (Archaea and Eubacteria)

(2:33)

Kingdom: Archaeaor Archaebacteria)

• Prokaryotic –no true nucleus• Cell walls with no

peptidoglycan (see next slide) • Unicellular – one celled• Live in most extreme

environments

What is peptidoglycan?

• A cross-linked complex of polysaccharides (sugars) and peptides (proteins) found in the cell walls of bacteria

Kingdom: Archaea

• Thermophiles –love heat• Psychrophiles –cold-loving• Acidophiles –love acidic

environments• Halophiles-love salty• Barophiles-high pressure (ocean

bottom)

Archaea Examples

• Thermus aquaticus (Extremophiles Youtube)

Found in hot springs

Archaea ExamplesA-thermophileB-halophileC-halophileD-carbonatphileE-halophileF-calcium carbonatphile-What are extremophiles? (54 secs)-Extremophiles (1:25)-Bozeman Biology: Archaea (7:16)

Kingdom: EUBACTERIA (true bacteria)

• Prokaryotic – no true nucleus (just a nucleoid)• Cell wall with peptidoglycan• Unicellular –one-celled• Diverse environments and

metabolism

Eubacteria (Common)

• Staphylococcus• Anthracis bacillus• Escherichia coli• Streptococcus

Eubacteria Examples

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• Staphylococcus aureus(skin)

Domain: Eukarya

HAVE A NUCLEUS (membrane around the Genetic material)Includes 4 Kingdoms:

Protists FungiAnimalsPlants

Kingdom: Protista

• Eukaryotic – DO have a nucleus

• Usually unicellular• Varied cell walls• (Plant-like, animal-

like, fungus –like)

PROTISTA• Plant-like protists

(have chlorophyll)

• Animal-like protists (Move)

Fungus-like protists(slime molds move

like amoeba, decomposer)

Protista ExamplesProtist Youtube

Euglena• Paramecium

Volvox(colonial)

Stentor

Kingdom: FUNGI• Eukaryotic• Cell walls of

chitin –stiffener

• Can be multicellular or unicellular

Fungi

•Yeast (unicellular fungi)

• Can you see the budding?

More Fungi

• Bracket Fungus Toenail Fungus

Bread mold

More Fungi

• Penicillium Black Mold

Hot dog mold

Kingdom: Plantae• Eukaryotic• Cell wall made of cellulose• Multicellular –more than

one cell• Autotrophic –

photosynthetic – make their own food

What is cellulose?

Stiff, interlocking fibers in plants

Examples:

Kingdom: Animalia• Eukaryotic• No cell wall• Multicellular• Heterotrophic –need to get

food from other sources (plants and animals)

Animalia

What kingdom are you?