dom 이야기

xml programming 1

DOM 이야기

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DOM (Document Object Model)

Tree-based API Parsing 후에 Memory 상에 문서전체의 Tree 구조를

만들어 사용 장점

Tree 구조를 가지므로 처리가 용이하다 . 몇 번이고 원하는 부분을 추가 및 수정 가능 문서의 구조가 충실히 보존돼야 하는 경우 (ex:XML Editor..)

단점 메모리상에 DataStructure 를 만들기 때문에 큰 문서에는

적당하지 않다 DOM 구조를 생성하는데 시간이 오래 걸린다 .

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DOM !!!

DHTML 의 호환성 문제 표준 문서 객체 정의 필요성 제기 문서 편집기와 문서 저장소를 위한 API 들이

영향을 줌 논리적인 문서 구조를 정의 응용프로그램이 문서에 접근하는 표준

방식을 확립 ‘ 객체지향’ 개념 기반

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XML Processing Model (DOM) DOM

XML File

DTD

XML Parser

DOM Tree

ApplicationParse

Errors

Process

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DOM 의 정의 DOM

XML 과 HTML 에 대한 programmatic interface 를 정의

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Processing Steps Parse the document

Parser builds a DOM tree Process the document

Using the DOM API Do something with the data

Display it Produce a report Transcode it ...

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XML 문서 Tree

<library>

Document

<item> <item>

<?xml version="1.0"?><library>  <item type="book"> 책 제목 </item>

<item type="cd"> CD 제목 </item></library>

<?xml version="1.0"?><library>  <item type="book"> 책 제목 </item>

<item type="cd"> CD 제목 </item></library>

"book"

type

“cd“

"CD 제목 "“ 책 제목 "type

“ 주석 "

<?xml version="1.0"?>

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DOM 의 생성 과정

JAXP 에서

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DOM API 살펴보기

org.w3c.dom Package Interfaces

Attr CDATASection CharacterData Comment Document DocumentFragment DocumentType DOMImplementation

Element Entity EntityReference NamedNodeMap Node NodeList Notation ProcessingInstruction Text

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DOM 의 삼총사

Node

Document

Element

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삼총사의 특징

Node XML 문서를 구성하는 모든 요소를 상징하는 객체이다 . 모든 객체의 공통적인 특성을 모아 놓은 추상화된 객체라고 할

수 있다 .

Document XML 문서의 Root Element 의 바로 위에 위치하며 , 문서

전체의 Root 객체 역할을 한다 . 일종의 가상 객체라고 할 수 있다 .

Element XML 문서에서 가장 중요하고 기본이 되는 단위 (Unit)

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삼총사의 역할 Node

Find information about the Node, such as its value, name, and type Read, update, and delete information Find children, parent, and sibling Node information

Document Query for information about the document, such as its name, entities,

and notations Query for information about the implementation, such as what version

of the DOM core is supported Create documents, DocumentFragments, Elements, Nodes, Attributes,

Comments, and so on. Traverse the document tree

Element Access and manipulate the attributes of the Element Access the children of the Element Access the tag of the Element

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삼총사의 관계 : Interface 의 상속관계

DOMimplementation

DOMimplementation

NamedNodeMapNamedNodeMap

NodeListNodeList

NodeNode

DOMExceptionDOMException

AttrAttr

CharacterDataCharacterData

DocumentTypeDocumentType

DocumentFragment

DocumentFragment

DocumentDocument

ElementElement

EntityEntity

EntityReferenceEntityReference

NotationNotation

ProcessingInstruction


CommentComment

TextText CDATASectionCDATASection

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…

book-order

customer

shop

goods

book

name

“XMLBook”

“jung”

“Jungang”

<?xml version=“1.0”?>

Document=Node

Element = Node

Element = Node

Text = Node

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부모 / 자식 Relationships in the Document

DocumentDocument

ElementElement ProcessingInstruction


CommentCommentTextText CDATASectionCDATASection

ElementElement TextText EntityReference

EntityReference



CDATASection

CDATASection

CommentComment

EntityReference

EntityReference



EntityEntity CommentComment CDATASection

CDATASection

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Node

Node 자체의 정보를 얻거나 정하는 method

Node 를 조작하는 method

Related Node 를 얻는 method

method 분류해보기 !!! 직접 Node 의 method 를 분류해 봅시다 .

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Method 분류 #1

Node 자체의 정보를 얻거나 정하는 method NamedNodeMap getAttributes ()

• A NamedNodeMap containing the attributes of this node (if it is an Element) or null otherwise.

String getLocalName ()• Returns the local part of the qualified name of this node.

String getNamespaceURI ()• The namespace URI of this node, or null if it is unspecified.

String getNodeName ()• The name of this node, depending on its type; see the table above.

Short getNodeType ()• A code representing the type of the underlying object, as defined above.

String getNodeValue ()• The value of this node, depending on its type; see the table above.

String getPrefix ()• The namespace prefix of this node, or null if it is unspecified.

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…

boolean hasAttributes ()• Returns whether this node (if it is an element) has any attributes.

boolean hasChildNodes ()• Returns whether this node has any children.

boolean isSupported (java.lang.String feature, java.lang.String version)• Tests whether the DOM implementation implements a specific feature and that feature

is supported by this node.

void setNodeValue (java.lang.String nodeValue) void setPrefix (java.lang.String prefix)

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Method 분류 #2

Node 를 조작하는 method Node appendChild (Node newChild)

• Adds the node newChild to the end of the list of children of this node. Node insertBefore (Node newChild, Node refChild)

• Inserts the node newChild before the existing child node refChild. Node removeChild (Node oldChild)

• Removes the child node indicated by oldChild from the list of children, and returns it.

Node replaceChild (Node newChild, Node oldChild)• Replaces the child node oldChild with newChild in the list of children,

and returns the oldChild node. Node cloneNode (boolean deep)

• Returns a duplicate of this node, i.e., serves as a generic copy constructor for nodes.

void Normalize ()

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Method 분류 #3

Related Node 를 얻는 method getChildNodes ()

• A NodeList that contains all children of this node. getFirstChild ()

• The first child of this node. getLastChild ()

• The last child of this node. getNextSibling ()

• The node immediately following this node. getPreviousSibling ()

• The node immediately preceding this node. getParentNode ()

• The parent of this node. Document getOwnerDocument ()

• The Document object associated with this node.

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…

sample.xml<name> <given>lee</given> <family>lim</family></name>

Element name 의 child???

Text : “\n” Element : given Text : “\n” Element : family Text : “\n”

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Relationship

ElementElement

TextText

ElementElement

ElementElement

TextText

TextText

TextText

TextText

getPreviousSibling()

getNextSibling()






getNextSibling()

getNextSibling()

getNextSibling()

getNextSibling()

getNextSibling()


getNextSibling()


getNextSibling()

null

null

null

null

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Node Types

노드 타입 노드 타입 상수 값

Element ELEMENT_NODE 1

Attr ATTRIBUTE_NODE 2

Text TEXT_NODE 3

CDATASection CDATA_SECTION_NODE 4

EntityReference ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE 5

Entity ENTITY_NODE 6

ProcessingInstruction PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE 7

Comment COMMENT_NODE 8

Document DOCUMENT_NODE 9

DocumentType DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE 10

DocumentFragment DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE 11

Notation NOTATION_NODE 12

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NodeName 과 NodeValue

노드 타입 nodeName nodeValue

Element 태그 이름 Null

Attr 속성 이름 속성 값

Text #text 텍스트 노드의 내용

CDATASection #cdata-section CDATASection 내용

EntityReference 엔티티 참조 이름 Null

Entity 엔티티 이름 Null

ProcessingInstruction 타겟 이름 타겟을 제외한 내용

Comment #comment 코멘트 내용

Document #document Null

DocumentType 문서형 이름 Null

DocumentFragment #document-fragment Null

Notation 노테이션 이름 Null

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Document

Document 에 대한 정보를 얻는 method

Document 에 있는 element 를 조건에 따라 얻는 method

Node 생성에 관련된 method


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Method 분류 #1

Document 에 대한 정보를 얻는 method Document Type getDoctype ()

• The Document Type Declaration (see DocumentType ) associated with this document.

Element getDocumentElement ()• This is a convenience attribute that allows direct access to the

child node that is the root element of the document. DOMImplementation getImplementation ()

• The DOMImplementation object that handles this document.

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Method 분류 #2

Document 에 있는 element 를 조건에 따라 얻는 method Element getElementById (java.lang.String elementId)

• Returns the Element whose ID is given by elementId . NodeList getElementsByTagName (java.lang.String tagname)

• Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given tag name in the order in which they would be encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.

NodeList getElementsByTagNameNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)

• Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given local name and namespace URI in the order in which they would be encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.

Node importNode (Node importedNode, boolean deep)• Imports a node from another document to this document.

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Method 분류 #3

Node 생성에 관련된 method Attr createAttribute (java.lang.String name)

• Creates an Attr of the given name. Attr createAttributeNS (String namespaceURI, String qualifiedName)

• Creates an attribute of the given qualified name and namespace URI. CDATASection createCDATASection (java.lang.String data)

• Creates a CDATASection node whose value is the specified string. Comment createComment (java.lang.String data)

• Creates a Comment node given the specified string. DocumentFragment createDocumentFragment ()

• Creates an empty DocumentFragment object.

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…

Element createElement (java.lang.String tagName)• Creates an element of the type specified.

Element createElementNS (String namespaceURI, String qualifiedName)• Creates an element of the given qualified name and namespace URI.

EntityReference createEntityReference (java.lang.String name)• Creates an EntityReference object.

ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction (String target, String data)

• Creates a ProcessingInstruction node given the specified name and data strings.

Text createTextNode (java.lang.String data)• Creates a Text node given the specified string.

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Element

Attribute 와 관련된 method

Child Element 를 얻는 method

Element 의 Tag 를 얻어 오는 method


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Method 분류 #1

Attribute 와 관련된 method String getAttribute (java.lang.String name)

• Retrieves an attribute value by name. Attr getAttributeNode (java.lang.String name)

• Retrieves an attribute node by name. Attr getAttributeNodeNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)

• Retrieves an Attr node by local name and namespace URI. String getAttributeNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)

• Retrieves an attribute value by local name and namespace URI. void setAttribute (java.lang.String name, java.lang.String value)

• Adds a new attribute. Attr setAttributeNode (Attr newAttr)

• Adds a new attribute node. Attr setAttributeNodeNS (Attr newAttr)

• Adds a new attribute.

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…

void setAttributeNS (String namespaceURI, String qualifiedName, String value)

• Adds a new attribute. boolean hasAttribute (java.lang.String name)

• Returns true when an attribute with a given name is specified on this element or has a default value, false otherwise.

boolean hasAttributeNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)• Returns true when an attribute with a given local name and

namespace URI is specified on this element or has a default value, false otherwise.

void removeAttribute (java.lang.String name)• Removes an attribute by name.

Attr removeAttributeNode (Attr oldAttr)• Removes the specified attribute node.

void removeAttributeNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)• Removes an attribute by local name and namespace URI.

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Method 분류 #2

Child Element 를 얻는 method NodeList getElementsByTagName (java.lang.String name)

• Returns a NodeList of all descendant elements with a given tag name, in the order in which they would be encountered in a preorder traversal of the Element tree.

NodeList getElementsByTagNameNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)

• Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given local name and namespace URI in the order in which they would be encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree, starting from this node.

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Method 분류 #3

Element 의 Tag 를 얻어 오는 method java.lang.String getTagName ()

• The name of the element.

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다른 Node

Attr CharacterData

Comment Text CDATASection

DocumentType DocumentFragment Entity Notation ProcessingInstruction

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DocumentType

<?xml version=“1.0” ?>

<!DOCTYPE book-order SYSTEM “book.dtd”><book-order> <customer>Lee</customer> <shop>jaelee</shop> <goods> </book> <name>XMLBook</name> </book> </good></book-order>

book-order

customer

shop

“Lee”

“jaelee”


Document

Element

Element

Text

<!DOCTYPE book-order SYSTEM “book.dtd”

DocumentType

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추가 interface

NodeList NamedNodeMap

These two interfaces exist to process lists of nodes

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NodeList

The NodeList interface provides the abstraction of an ordered collection of nodes, without defining or constraining how this collection is implemented.

2 method Int getLength ()

• The number of nodes in the list. Node item (int index)

• Returns the indexth item in the collection.

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NamedNodeMap

Int getLength () Node item (int index)

Node getNamedItem (java.lang.String name) Retrieves a node specified by name.

Node removeNamedItem (java.lang.String name) Removes a node specified by name.

Node setNamedItem (Node arg) Adds a node using its nodeName attribute.

Node getNamedItemNS (String namespaceURI, String localName)

Node setNamedItemNS (Node arg) Node removeNamedItemNS (String namespaceURI,

String localName)

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쉬어갑니다 !!

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DOM Parser 생성하기

3 가지 생성방법 비교 DocumentBuilder 를 이용해 Document 를 생성해 사용한다 .

• JAXP 에서 제안

DOMParser 클래스를 직접 생성해 parsing 을 통해 Document 를 얻어 사용한다 .

• XML4J 와 Oracle 등에서 제안

XmlDocument.createXmlDocument 를 사용해 Document를 생성해 사용한다 .

• Java Project-X 에서 제안

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JAXP 에서 생성

DocumentBuilderFactory 로 DocumentBuilder생성

DocumentBuilder 로 Document 생성

Ex:…DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory =

DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();Document doc = documentBuilder.parse(is);…

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XML4J 에서 생성

XML4J 나 Oracle 의 DOMParser 는 직접 생성해 사용가능

Ex:…

DOMParser myDOMParser = new DOMParser(); myDOMParser.parse(String uri); Document doc = myDOMParser.getDocument();…

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Manipulating the DOM sample code

public void printElementValue(Element root, String tag) {

Element child = root;

NodeList childs = child.getElementByTagName(lastTag);

for ( int=0; i<childs.getLength(); i++ )

System.out.println(childs.item(i).getValue());

}

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Manipulating the DOM recursive module

public void processNode(Node n) {

switch(n.getNodeType()) {

case Node.ELEMENT_NODE : {

handleThisNode(n);

NodeList kids=n.getChildNodes();

if (kids != null)

for(int i=0; i<kids.getLength(); i++)

processNode(kids.item(i));

}

}

}

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Node 다루기 Node 여행하기

Node 의 상태 정보 얻기

Node 의 구조 정보 얻기

Node 다루기 Inserting Deleting Replacing

Node 생성하기

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Node 여행하기

documentPrinter(Node node){

Switch(node.getNodeType()){ case: 도큐먼트 노드인 경우 1-1. XML 선언출력 1-2. 자식이 있으면 재귀호출 1-3.

case : 엘리먼트 노드인 경우 2-1. “< 엘리먼트이름 >” 출력 2-2. 자식이 있으면 재귀호출 2-3. “</ 닫는태크 >” 출력

case : 텍스트 노드인 경우 3-1. “ 텍스트” 출력 3-2. 리턴 . . . }}

book-order

customer

shop

goods

book

name

“xmlbook”

“jung”

“jungang”


Document

Element

Element

Text

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Element : 가족Element : 가족

Text : “\n”Text : “\n”

Element : 아내Element : 아내

Element : 남편Element : 남편



Text : “ 조성민”Text : “ 조성민”

Text : “ 최진실”Text : “ 최진실”


< 가족 > \ n

< 남편 > 조성민 </ 남편 >

< 아내 > 최진실 </ 아내 >

</ 가족 >

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book-order

customer

shop

goods

“lee”

“SoftBank”

Element

Element

Text

Document

<!DOCTYPE book-order SYSTEM “book.dtd”DocumentType

book-order

customer

shop

goods

“lee”

“SoftBank”

Element

Element

Text

Document

<!DOCTYPE book-order SYSTEM “null”

DocumentType

DOCTYPE 선언이 없는 경우 DOCTYPE 선언이 있는 경우

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Node 의 상태 정보 얻기

Node.getNodeType()

Node.getNodeName()

Node.getNodeValue()

Node.setNodeValue()

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Node.getParentnode()

ElementElement

TextText

ElementElement

ElementElement

TextText

TextText

TextText

TextText


<name>

<given>lee</given>

<family>lim</family>

</name>

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Node 다루기

Inserting Node.insertBefore(Node newNode, Node refChild) Node.appendChild(Node newChild)

Deleting Node.removeChild(Node oldChild)

Replacing Node.replaceChild(Node newChild, Node oldChild)

Clone Node.cloneNode(boolean deep)

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Inserting

Node.insertBefore(Node newChild, Node refChild)

NodeNode refChildrefChild

newChildnewChild

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…

Node.appendChild(Node newChild)

NodeNode

newChildnewChild

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…

appendChild vs insertBefore appendChild(Node newChild)

• Adds the node newChild to the end of the list of children of this node. If the newChild is already in the tree, it is first removed.

insertBefore(Node newChild, Node refChild)• Inserts the node newChild before the existing child node

refChild. If refChild is null, insert newChild at the end of the list of children.

So… appendChild(newNode) = insertBefore(newNode, null)

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Deleting

Node.removeChild(Node oldChild)

NodeNode

Child 1Child 1

Child 4Child 4

Child 2Child 2

Child 3(oldChild)

Child 3(oldChild)

NodeNode

Child 1Child 1

Child 4Child 4

Child 2Child 2

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Replacing

Node.replaceChild(Node newChild, Node oldChild)

NodeNode

Child 1Child 1

Child 4Child 4

Child 2Child 2

Child 3(oldChild)

Child 3(oldChild)

newChildnewChild

NodeNode

Child 1Child 1

Child 4Child 4

Child 2Child 2

newChildnewChild

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Clone

cloneNode(boolean deep) Copy

• Shallow copy• Deep copy

Boolean• True : deep• False : shallow

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Node 생성하기

Element 생성하기 document.createElement(String TagName)

Attribute 생성하기 document.createAttribute(string Name)

Text 생성하기 document.createTextNode(String data)

dom 이야기

Documents