DOE Office of High Energy Physics – Program and Partnerships

Goddard Memorial Symposium March 31, 2011 in Greenbelt, MD

Kathy TurnerOffice of High Energy Physics

DOE Office of Science

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DOE Office of ScienceScience to Meet the Nation’s Challenges Today and into the 21st Century

The Frontiers of Science

Supporting research that led to over 100 Nobel Prizes during the past 6 decades—22 in the past decade alone

Providing 45% of Federal support of basic research in the physical sciences and key components of the Nation’s basic research in biology and computing

Supporting over 27,000 Ph.D.s, graduate students, undergraduates, engineers, and support staff at more than 300 institutions

21st Century Tools of Science

Providing the world’s largest collection of scientific user facilities to over 26,000 users each year

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DOE Office of Science (SC)

The Office of Science: Single largest supporter of basic

research in the physical sciences in the US, providing more than 40% of total funding for this vital area of national importance. I

Oversees – and is the principal federal funding agency of – the Nation’s research programs in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and fusion energy sciences.

Provides grants to universities and other institutions to work on research in our program.

The 17 DOE laboratories comprise a preeminent federal research system, providing the Nation with strategic scientific and technological capabilities

The Office of Science manages 10 world-class laboratories, which often are called the “crown jewels” of our national research infrastructure. The national laboratory system, created over a half-century ago, is the most comprehensive research system of its kind in the world.

DOE Office of ScienceScience to Meet the Nation’s Challenges Today and into the 21st Century

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DOE Office of Science (SC) Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)

The HEP Program is the U.S. Federal Steward of High Energy Physics research

providing over 90 % of federal support (remainder primarily NSF) designs, constructs and operates research

facilities supports researchers at universities and

laboratories to carry out the research develops advanced technologies and next

generation scientific/technical workforce

HEP’s Mission is to maintain the Nation’s competency and leadership in high energy physics research, with the responsibility to establish a strategic plan that address the

identified scientific opportunities formulate, justify and defend Budget

Requests to implement that plan effectively manage the funding obtained to

deliver significant outcomes

Fermilab

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High Energy Physics Program - Scientific Frontiers

The Energy Frontier, powerful accelerators are used to create new particles, reveal their interactions, and investigate fundamental forces;

The Intensity Frontier, intense particle beams and highly sensitive detectors are used to pursue alternate pathways to investigate fundamental forces and particle interactions by studying events that occur rarely in nature; and

The Cosmic Frontier, ground and space-based experiments and telescopes are used to make measurements that will offer new insight and information about the nature of dark matter and dark energy, to understand fundamental particle properties and discover new phenomena.

HEP Experiments and Projects – Partnerships

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Most HEP experiments and projects involve partnership and/or agreements – other US agencies and many foreign countries.

It’s not one-size-fits-all. Agency involvement and funding depends on the size of the effort, stage of the experiment, which country is the steward of the experiments, how many countries involved, etc.

Courtesy NASA

Typical Process:Scientists develop experiment concept and collaboration and propose to the agencies. • Small contributions to other agency’s experiment• Major contribution or stewardship of experiment• Significant contributions from many agencies.

Assuming positive review and funding availability, DOE participates in discussions with other agencies to develop a path forward.

High Energy Physics – at the Energy Frontier

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DOE built and operated the Tevatron collider at Fermilab as well as the CDF and Dzero detectors, with some contributions from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and foreign agencies.

CDF and Dzero have large multi-national science collaborations. DOE has funded the operations of the Tevatron (last year of operations is 2011) with other countries/agencies funding their scientists to participate.

The Dzero collaboration

LHC at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland (extends into France)

The ATLAS collaboration

The CMS detector at CERN

DOE built magnets for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), now operating at CERN. DOE (and NSF) also made major contributions to the ATLAS and CMS detectors.

The ATLAS and CMS collaborations have > 2000 scientists each. Each agency supports their scientists to participate.

DOE and NSF have an Implementation Arrangement with CERN. CERN provides operations for funding in return for the US contributions (in the Tevatron model)

DOE and NSF have a Joint Oversight Group to manage the combined US contributions. We also sit on a Resource Board at CERN, where all partners regularly meet to discuss the status of the experiment and agency support.

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Cosmic Frontier - Recent Activities

DOE/NSF Particle Physics Federal Advisory Committee (HEPAP) Particle Astrophysics subpanel report in Oct. 2009 recommended an optimized in the areas:

• Dark matter, Dark Energy, High Energy Cosmic- and Gamma-rays, and Cosmic Microwave Background

!! Developed criteria for HEP involvement: science case, what our community brings to the table, scale of the proposed effort

Dark matter & dark energy remain the highest priorities

National Academies of ScienceAstronomy & Astrophysics Decadal Survey (Astro2010) report in August 2010 gave recommendations to DOE as part of a coordinated ground/space-based US Dark Energy program.

• LSST – DOE should partner with NSF• WFIRST – DOE should contribute to the NASA mission

If projected funding levels are lower than expected: LSST is recommended as the priority because DOE role is critical

Other opportunities: contributions to mid-scale experiments in dark energy, gamma-ray astrophysics, etc.

HEP - program guidance at the Cosmic Frontier

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COUPP-60

DES

VERITAS

FGSTLUX

CDMS

COUPP

ADMX

Partnerships: Most are DOE/NSF partnerships.

CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search) SuperCDMS-Soudan fabrication 2009-2011 w/iZip detectors

LUX-350 (Large Underground Xenon) at Sanford Lab Fabrication 2008-11; now commissioning on the surface

COUPP (Chicago Observatory for Underground Particle Physics) COUPP-4 operating at SNOLab COUPP-60 commissioning, operating at FNAL w/plans to go to SNOLab

ADMX (Axion Dark Matter eXperiment) ADMX-I operations 2007-2009

Proposed Future Experiments: funds available for R&D and small fabrication – most collaborations are planning the next phase.

Future: We are working closely with NSF-PHY to coordinate reviews and funding of new efforts.

Cosmic Frontier - Dark Matter (direct detection)

Cosmic Frontier - Dark Energy

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DOE is funding operations for several supernovae studies: Supernova Cosmology Project, Nearby Supernova Factory, QUEST, Palomar Transit Facility

Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)• Primary survey on SDSS-III in New Mexico• HEP supported upgraded instrumentation• HEP, NSF-AST partner on the operations, which started Aug. 2009

Dark Energy Survey (DES)HEP & NSF-AST partnership for new camera and data management system on the Blanco telescope in ChileFY11: fabrication completes and integration/installation starts FY12: start data-taking

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)• Astro2010 recommended as top ground-based priority facility • HEP and NSF-AST are working to coordinate our schedules and

funding• Agency Joint Oversight Group (JOG) set up; having biweekly

meetings• Mission Need Statement signed by the Director of the Office of

Science for a Stage IV ground based dark energy experiment last week.

BOSS

LSST

DES

Cosmic Frontier – Future Dark Energy

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• DOE &NASA developed a plan for a Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM)• NASA would lead the mission and DOE would contribute a major instrument;

both would participate in the science• Signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) & held weekly Joint Coordination

Meetings; set up Science Working Group to develop concepts • JDEM was not recommended by Astro2010; instead they recommended a Wide

Field Infra-Red Space Telescope (WFIRST), a facility with 3 major science goals

NASA has the lead on WFIRST. HEP is supporting several people that were selected for the NASA’s WFIRST Science Definition Team.

Depending on available funds and priorities in the program, HEP may considerproposed efforts on future dark energy experiments – ground or space.

BigBOSS• LBNL-led collaboration responded to National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) call

for proposals for new instrumentation for Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak; NOAO reviewed and accepted the proposal and the labs are coordinating efforts and planning

• “Stage IV” dark energy experiment• R&D funding is being provided (PASAG recommended)• HEP – in discussions with NSF-AST and will plan review

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Pierre Auger – Argentina

COUPP-60

DES

AMS

VERITAS

FGST

VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System)• DOE, NSF and Smithsonian Partnership at Whipple Observatory,

Arizona • Status: Science operations started in 2007 at Whipple Observatory in

Arizona• VERITAS-upgrade – NSF funded as an MRI in early 2010

Pierre Auger • Large international collaboration; DOE and NSF are US partners;

Fermilab hosts the Project Office• Status: full science operations started in 2008 in Argentina• Not participating in Auger North given current budget projections

FGST (Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope)• DOE partnered with NASA on Large Area Telescope (LAT); launched

June 2008• SLAC hosted the LAT fabrication Project Office and now hosts the LAT

Instrument Science Operations Center

AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer)• Large international collaboration; DOE funds the spokesman, Prof. Sam

Ting• Status: NASA plans to launch on the Shuttle on April 19, 2011

HAWC (High Altitude Water Cherenkov) observatoryDOE and NSF partnership w/contributions from Mexico; start in FY12

Future: Will consider contributions to the ground-based gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) in the future as appropriate

Cosmic Frontier:High Energy Cosmic-ray and Gamma-ray experiments

Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (FGST)Many Unexpected Findings about the Gamma-ray Sky

Oct. 2009: Map of the gamma-ray sky with one year’s data collection. The image shows the rate of gamma-ray detection above 300 MeV with brighter colors representing higher rates. Blue denotes the extragalactic gamma-ray background.

Stanford/SLAC-led collaboration proposed to NASA AO to build and operate the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on NASA’s FGST, launched June 2008.

MOU for DOE and NASA partnership on the fabrication of the LAT, with contributions from France, Japan, Italy and Sweden.

SLAC managed the fabrication and now hosts the LAT Instrument Science Operations center which plays the central role in LAT science operations, data processing, and making scientific data available to collaborators for analysis.

Bill Atwood (SLAC UCSC) and Peter Michelson (Stanford) and the FGST/LAT team have won the 2011 Bruno Rossi Prize in Astrophysics for enabling, through the development of the Large Area Telescope, new insights into neutron stars, supernova remnants, cosmic rays, binary systems, active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts.

Aug 2010: The LAT detected gamma-rays from a nova for the first time, overturning the long-held assumption that they lack the power to emit such high-energy radiation. In the images shown above, the nova is clearly seen erupting in the image on the right.

Science: Will measure cosmic rays and search for dark matter and anti-matter on the International Space Station (ISS)Prototype took data on Space Shuttle # 91 in 1998.

Large, successful international collaboration, led by HEP-supported Professor Sam Ting of MIT. Collaboration: 42 institutions, 16 countries, 600 scientists

DOE and NASA have signed agreement for US contributions: DOE is the steward of the science NASA provide space capability expertise, launch on Shuttle and operates AMS on the ISS

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Status:NASA will launch aboard Shuttle Endeavour scheduledfor April 19, 2011

AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer)

Cosmic Frontier - Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

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HEP has small research and R&D efforts on a few experiments where we could make targeted contributions

ESA/NASA Planck mission agreement – HEP has MOU with NASA to provide computing resources at NERSC in Berkeley for data processing and analysis

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Cosmic Frontier - Recent Activities

International Program Coordination:Oct. 2010 report from the OECD Global Science Forum Astroparticle Physics Working Group A 2-year study of global coordination and planning of astro-particle physics experiments recommended annual agency-level meeting to coordinate program (starts April 2011)

FALC (Funding Agencies for the Linear Collider) – holds meetings to coordinate efforts

Coordination with Partners: Agreements and annual meetings with major partners: China, France, Italy, Japan, UK

Partnerships in Projects/ExperimentsJoint Oversight Groups - set up US agency group to meet regularly to discuss issues and also to provide a point of contact to the project office.

Finance/Resource Boards – all funding agencies in a project meet regularly to discuss status and funding of the project

Important efforts to manage project: Regular contact and meetings between the agencies. Written agreement for construction and operations

HEP - How we partner

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HEP Partnerships at the Cosmic Frontier maximize the science in this exciting

field!