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By:- Firoz QureshiDept. Psychiatric NursingDOCUMENTARY ON HISTORY OF NURSING

DOCUMENTARY ON NURSING & ITS HISTORYThis documentary includes:Pioneer Of NursingHistory of Nurses and their uniformDark Ages of nursingMilestones in nursing

PIONEER OF NURSING

19TH CENTURY- FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

A pioneer of modern nursing

1850 Florence Nightingale, a pioneer of modern nursing, begins her training as a nurse at the Institute of St. Vincent de Paul at Alexandria, Egypt.1851 - Florence Nightingale completed her nursing training at Kaiserwerth, Germany.1859 - Florence Nightingale published her views on nursing care in "Notes on Nursing" The basis of nursing practice was based on her idea's from this

Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802 - 1887)

Early nursing pioneer who revolutionized health care for the mentally ill.

An early nursing pioneer, Dorothea Lynde Dix was a noted humanitarian, reformer, educator and crusader. She is perhaps best known for her patient advocacy in fighting to improve the conditions of jails and mental asylums in North America and Europe.With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Dix--at age 59--offered her services to the Union Army.After the war, Dix dedicated the rest of her life to improving the lives of the mentally ill, before retiring at the age of 82.Dorothea Lynde Dix died in 1887 at the age of 85 and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge

(July 31, 1811 August 26, 1890) was a welfare worker,fund raiser, and nurse during theAmerican Civil War

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Hoge born inPhiladelphia, Pennsylvaniaon July 31, 1811 to George Dundas Blaikie and Mary Monroe.She was a founder of a homeless shelter in Chicago before the war.Hoge was a founder of the Chicago Home for the Friendless in 1858She was active in recruiting nurses for the Union army during theCivil Warand would recount her experiences in her 1867 memoirThe Boys in Blue.She was head of the Woman's Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in the Northwest from 1872 to 1885.Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge died in Chicago, Illinois on August 26, 1890, aged 79.

Clara barton

(1821 - 1912)She was a nurse on the battlefield, providing care to soldiers. Clara formed the American Red Cross in 1881

Clara Barton was born in Massachusetts, on December 25, 1821.

She was a nurse on the battlefield, providing care to soldiers. Clara formed the American Red Cross in 1881.

On April 12, 1912, Clara Barton died in her home in Glen Echo, Maryland.

Clara was a brave and self-sacrificing person. She was persistent at her work and she accomplished many things, even though it was hard then for women to work outside the home.

Lystra Gretter (1858 - 1951)

Promoted nursing as a respectable profession. wrote the first standardized textbook for nursing education, established an early visiting nurses association and created one of the first professional nursing libraries.

Lystra Elizabeth Gretter was born in Bayfield, Ontario in September 1858.When Lystra Gretter was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2004, she was honored for her "tireless" efforts in promoting nursing as a respectable profession in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.In 1904, Gretter was the first President of the Michigan Nurses Association.In 1908, Gretter was appointed the Director of the Detroit Visiting Nurses Association where she turned her attention to broader social as well as health care issues.Gretter remained the Matron of the Detroit Visiting Nurses Association until her death in Grosse Pointe in 1951.

Elizabeth Kenny (1880-1952)

Polio rehabilitation pioneer

Elizabeth Kenny (1880-1952), nurse, was born on 20 September 1880 at Warialda, New South Wales, daughter of Michael Kenny, farmer from Ireland, and his native-born wife Mary, ne Moore.In 1937 she published in SydneyInfantile Paralysis and Cerebral Diplegia, with a foreword by Herbert Wilkinson, professor of anatomy at the University of Queensland.In 1940, armed with an introduction to the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, signed by six Brisbane doctors and her fare paid by the Queensland government, she arrived in the United States of America.Developing Parkinson's disease, she retired to To woomb in 1951 and died there of cerebro-vascular disease on 30 November 1952.

Mary Breckinridge (1881 - 1965)

Founded the Frontier Nursing Service--bringing midwifery and infant health care to rural areas.

Mary Breckinridge, born in 1881 to an influential Kentucky family, enjoyed a privileged childhood and education in the U.S. and Europe.

Established the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) in 1925 to provide professional health care in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky, one of America's poorest and most isolated regions.

Lydia Hall (1906 - 1969)

Lydia Hall (1906 - 1969)Pioneer in Nursing Autonomy and Nurse-Driven Care

Nursing theory according to Lydia Hall is nothing short of revolutionary. In a time of change and revolution (1960s), she put down in her own simple words, her thoughts about nursing.

SHE DID NOT CONSIDER HERSELF A NURSE THEORIST, BUT INSTEAD TALKED ABOUT HER VIEWS OF NURSING CARE AS SHE LEARNED IT OVER THE YEARS WITH THE INFLUENCE OF LILLIAN WALD, CARL ROGERS, JOHN DEWEY, AND MANY OTHERS (TOMEY, 1995)..

Joyce Clifford

Led Changes in NursingNovember 1, 2011 -- TodayThe New York Timespublished a very good obituary for Joyce Clifford, who led the nursing staff at Boston's Beth Israel Hospital for 25 years. Clifford pioneered the application of the "primary nursing" care model, in which one nurse is mainly responsible for each patient during the course of the patient's stay,

and she advocated what theTimesdescribes as a "partnership of equals" between nurses and physicians. Clifford later founded the Institute for Nursing Healthcare Leadership. Paul Vitello's obituary does a fine job explaining the basic significance of Clifford's work in a limited space.

Florence Wald (1917 - 2008)

Florence Wald (1917 - 2008)Pioneer in Hospice CareByCynthia C. Adams RN, MSN, EdDFLORENCE WALD RN, MSN, FAAN, was an internationally recognized pioneer in improving the care of dying patients across the world.Wald organized an interdisciplinary team and opened the first hospice in the United States in 1971. Thirty-seven years later at her death, there were over 4,700 hospices in the country. Wald built her vision on an unwavering commitment to social justice and reverence for life. She invited patient,

family, and team participation and truly listened to their input. Wald was gracious in her hospitality and generous in her compassion. She combined a keen intellect with a deep humanism to conduct research on the needs of the dying in our country. Her ability to enter the world of the terminally ill helped her steer the growth of this first hospice in New Haven, Connecticut and later contribute on an international level in the reform movement.

Elizabeth Scanlan Trump December 21, 2012

December 21, 2012 -- Recent obituaries for two extraordinary nursing leaders show how far nursing has come in the last half-century and, to some extent, how far it has yet to go. On June 9, theBaltimore Sunpublished Frederick Rasmussen's long, generally good obituary for Elizabeth Scanlan Trump, the co-founder and longtime nursing director of the University of Maryland's Shock Trauma Center, arguably the finest trauma center in the world. The piece portrays Scanlan Trump as "the first trauma nurse" and as the driven "full partner" of the pioneering trauma surgeon R Adams Cowley.

Margretta Madden Styles December 18, 2005

M. M. Styles, global nursing visionary, leader and scholarDecember 18, 2005 -- Today theNew York Timespublished a fairly good obituary for Margretta Madden Styles. Dr. Styles was a renowned nursing leader and scholar who was instrumental in establishing nursing certification standards, and who also served as president of the International Council of Nurses and the American Nurses Association.

Jeremy Pearce's short piece about Styles, who died from cancer at her Florida home in November, was headlined: "M. M. Styles, 75; Helped to Define Nursing Standards." The piece does not quite convey the full global significance of Styles' work, but it's pretty good considering how nursing usually fares on obituary pages.

Daniel Slotnik's December 21, 2012

Daniel Slotnik's December 21, 2012 obituary inThe New York Times"Vernice D. Ferguson, Leader and Advocate of Nurses, Dies at 84" identifies Ferguson as a "leader and advocate of nurses," and the first paragraph explains that she "fought for greater opportunities, higher wages and more respect for nurses as a longtime chief nursing officer for the Veterans Administration." The piece shows that Ferguson faced real challenges right from the start:

At a time when few black women attended college, Ms. Ferguson graduated from New York University with a nursing degree in 1950 and was awarded the Lavinia L. Dock prize for high scholastic standing.

At the awards ceremony, the director of nursing refused to shake her hand, [according to Pivotal Moments in Nursing: Leaders Who Changed the Path of a Profession, by Beth Houser and Kathy Player].

HISTORY OF NURSES AND THEIR UNIFORM

17th CENTURY

18th CENTURY

NURSING UNIFORMS IN THE 19TH CENTURY

CONT.....Nurses Servants Uniform

Full black or printed gown. A white gathered or banded cap. A white apron.

CONT...

Nurses had to wear a hat and band to distinguish themselves as nurses and display their nursing rank.

Fresh nurse students - wear ribbon bands of pink, blue, or other pastel colors.

Senior nurses and - wear black ribbon bands to indicate seniority. Nursing teachers

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NURSING UNIFORMS IN THE 20TH CENTURY

CONT...Nursing uniforms came with:-Pockets for keeping things on hand.A button down style top. Pointy collars that differentiated them from other clothing.A white bib covered the nurses torso till the waist, where the bibs folds were gathered and let down as an apron.

NURSING UNIFORMS TODAY

MILESTONES IN NURSING

PRIOR TO THE 17th CENTURY1-500 AD (approximately)- Nursing care mostly included hygiene and comfort needs of persons and families. Religious organizations were the provided carers.55 AD - Phoebe is nursing histories most noted deaconess.300 - Entry of women into nursing 380 AD - The first general hospital is established in Rome by Fabiola.

17th CENTURY CONT...St. Louise de Marillac

17th CENTURYThe Reformation - The 17th century was the time of the Reformation when the breakdown of religious orders meant that monasteries, hospitals and nursing care facilities were closed in most Protestant areas.1633 Sisters of Charity founded.

17th CENTURY CONT...1654 and 1656 Sisters of Charitycare for the wounded on the battlefields at Sedan and Arras in France.1660 Over 40 houses of the Sisters of Charity exist in France and several in other countries; the sick poor are helped in their own dwellings in 26 parishes in Paris.17th-18th century were considered the "age of reason". A lot of myths were contradicted by scientific fact (Daly et al.,2010)

19th CENTURY1835 Nursing Society of Philadelphia1850 instructional school for nurses opened by NSP--1853 Crimean war1854 Nightingale appointed as the Superintendent of Nursing Staff1856 A charitable organisation known as the "Nightingale Fund for Nursing" was founded in Britain, to commemorate Nightingale's work in the Crimean War.

19TH CENTURY CONT...1856 The Melbourne Lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases peculiar to Women and Children established. 18611865 The Civil war, American Army nurses corps1872, 73 formal nursing training programs were established, establishment of formal education

19th CENTURY CONT...1800s1840- Settlement of New Zealand as a colony and the establishment of state hospitals.1810s1811 - The opening of Sydney Hospital. Convict men and women undertook the nursing. (Crisp & Taylor, 2009)1820s1820 Jensey Snow, a former slave, opens a hospital inPetersburg, Virginia.1820 -Florence Nightingale, is born at Villa La Columbaia in Florence (12 May).

19th CENTURY CONT...1830s1838 - The first trained nurses arrived in Sydney, they were five Irish Sisters of Charity1840s1840 - Settlement of New Zealand as a colony and the establishment of state hospitals (Crisp & Taylor,2009).1841 - People considered to be mentally ill were considered criminals. 1844 Dorothea Dixtestifies to theNew Jerseylegislature regarding the state's poor treatment of patients withmental illness

19th CENTURY CONT...1844 -Florence Nightingaletravels to Kaiserworth, Germany to start to learn nursing from the Institution of Deaconesses. She stayed for three months.1847 - Wellington Hospital was established, The first New Zealand Hospital. Giselle's1848 -The Yarra Bend Asylum was opened so that those mentally ill could be moved out of gaol. This Asylum was later known as Melbourne.

19TH CENTURY CONT...1850sFlorence Nightingale

1850 Florence Nightingale, a pioneer of modern nursing, begins her training as a nurse at the Institute of St. Vincent de Paul at Alexandria, Egypt[5]1851 - Florence Nightingale completed her nursing training at Kaiserwerth, Germany, a Protestant religious community with a hospital facility. She was there for approximately 3 months, and at the end, her teachers declared her trained as a nurse.

19th CENTURY CONT...1853 Florence Nightingale went to Paris to study with the Sisters of Charity and was later appointed superintendent of the English General Hospitals in Turkey. 1854 Florence Nightingale and 38 volunteer nurses are sent toTurkeyon October 21 to assist with caring for the injured of theCrimean War.

19th CENTURY CONT...1854 - In a letter written November 15, 1854, to Dr Bowman, Florence Nightingale gives definite statistics: on Thursday last [i.e.Nov8]we had 1715 sick and wounded in this hospital (among whom, 120 cholera patients) and 650 severely wounded in...the General Hospital...when a message came to me to prepare for 510 wounded.... A general history of nursing. London, England1855 Mary Seacoleleaves London on January 31 to establish a "British Hotel" atBalaklavain the Crimea.

19th CENTURY CONT...1856- The Melbourne lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for diseases Peculiar to Women and Children established, Australia1857 Ellen Ranyardcreates the first group of paidsocial workersin England and pioneers the firstdistrict nursingprogramme in London.1857 - The sisters of Charity opened the first St Vincent's Hospital at Sydney's Pott's Point. Today, the St Vincent's hospitals provide a considerable proportion of public health services.

19th CENTURY CONT...

1859 - Florence Nightingale published her views on nursing care in "Notes on Nursing" The basis of nursing practice was based on her idea's.1860s1860 - In May 1860 advertisements appeared seeking young lady nurses for training, but responses were not overwhelming; however, in July 1860, 15 hand-picked probationers entered the Nightingale Training School, and the pattern for modern nursing came into being.[1860 - Florence Nightingale publishes "Note on Nursing: What it is and what it is not"

19TH CENTURY CONT...1860 -Crisp & Taylor (2010) state that the Nightingale training school for nurses in England at the St Thomas' hospital, London was established at this time.1860-1883 - As 16,000 single women emigrated to New Zealand 582 identified their occupation as a nurse (including monthly nurse, sick nurse, trained nurse, nurse girl, midwife, hospital nurse or professional nurse.)[17]1861 Sally Louisa Tompkinsopens a hospital forConfederatesoldiers in July. She is later made an officer in the army, the only woman to receive that honor.1863 - The International Red Cross was established in Geneva, Switzerland, by five private individuals

19th CENTURY CONT...1865 -Mary Tattershalla nurse who served in the Crimean War arrived and wasTimaru Hospitalsfirst Matron.1867 Jane Currie Blaikie Hogepublishes her memoirs of nursing in theUnion Army,The Boys in Blue.1868 - Lucy Osburn and her four Nightingale nurses arrived at Sydney Infirmary(to become Sydney Hospital1868 - Sir Henery Parkes requested that Nightingale is to provide trained nurses for New South Wales.

19th CENTURY CONT...1870s1870 - New Zealand had 37 hospitals as a result of the population increase of the gold rush1871 - Nightingale-trained matron appointed to the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.1873 Linda Richardsis graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and officially becomes America's First Trained Nurse. 1873 The nation's first nursing school, based on Florence Nightingale's principles of nursing, opens atBellevue Hospital, New York City

19th CENTURY CONT...1873 The nation's first nursing school, based on Florence Nightingale's principles of nursing, opens atBellevue Hospital, New York City1876 The Japanese term ("Kangofu" or nurse) is used for the first time.1879 Mary Eliza Mahoneyis graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and becomes the first black professional nurse in the U.S.1874 - Group of Anglican nuns arrive in South Africa (Bloemfontein) to work as nurses. Among them was Sr. Henrietta Stockdale who started the first training for nurses in Africa.

19th CENTURY CONT...1880s

Clara Barton1881 Clara Bartonbecomes the first President of theAmerican Red Cross, which she founded1881 - Created the first Portuguese Nursing School at Coimbra, Portugal

19th CENTURY CONT...1884 Mary Agnes Snively, the firstOntarionurse trained according to the principles of Florence Nightingale, assumes the position of Lady Superintendent of the Toronto General Hospitals School of Nursing.1885 - Following the Hospital and Charitable Aids Act, conditions improved.1885 The first nurse training institute is established in Japan, thanks to the pioneering work ofLinda Richards.1886 - The first regular training school in India is established in Bombay, with funds provided by the governor general.

19th CENTURY CONT...1886 The Nightingale, the first American nursing journal, is published.1886 Spelman Seminaryestablishes the first nursing program specifically for African-Americans.1888 - The monthly journalThe Trained Nursebegins publication inBuffalo, New York.

1890sLillian Wald

19th CENTURY CONT...1890 Kate Marsden, founder of the St. Francis Leprosy Guild, travels toYakutia,Siberiain search of a herb reputed to cureleprosy.1891 -Cape Colonyestablishes the 1st nursing registration in the British Empire1893 TheNightingale Pledge, composed by Lystra Gretter, is first used by the graduating class at the old Harper Hospital inDetroit, Michiganin the spring.

19th CENTURY CONT...1897 TheAmerican Nurses Associationholds its first meeting in February, as the "Associated Alumnae of Trained Nurses of the United States and Canada".1897 Jane Delanobecomes Superintendent ofBellevue Hospital.1899 Japan establishes a licensing system for modern nursing professionals with the introduction of the "Midwives Ordinance".1899 TheInternational Council of Nursesis formed.1899 - Australasian Trained Nurses Association is founded in New South Wales

19th CENTURY CONT...1899-1902 - During the 1899-1902 South African (Boer) War, nurses from Canada, Australia and New Zealand serve as private citizens or with the British nursing forces.

20th CENTURY1900 Dame Agnes Gwendoline Hunt, the founder oforthopaedic nursing, opens a convalescent home for crippled children at Florence House inBaschurchwhich espouses the yet-unproven theory of open-air treatment.1901 -United States Army Nurse Corps(NC) is established1901 New Zealand is the first country to regulate nurses nationally, with adoption of theNurses Registration Act.

20th CENTURY CONT...1902 TheQueen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Servicereplaces, byroyal warrant, the Army Nursing Service.1905 - TheSpanish-American War Nurses Memorialis erected atArlington National Cemeteryin the United States.1906 The first nursing school Union Mission Hospital Training School for Nurses/Iloilo Mission Hospitaltraining school for Nurses, now Central Philippine University-College of Nursing, is established in the Philippines.

20th CENTURY CONT...1908 TheUnited States Navy Nurse Corpsis established.1909 TheAmerican Red Cross Nursing Serviceis formed.1910s1910 Florence Nightingaleat the age of 90 years, on august the 13th dies.Florence Nightingale (1820 1910)retrieved

20th CENTURY CONT...Edith Cavell1915 Edith Cavellis executed by a Germanfiring squadon October 12 for helping hundreds of Allied soldiers escape tothe Netherlands.

20th CENTURY CONT...1916 TheRoyal College of Nursingis founded.1918 Frances Reed Elliotis enrolled as the first African-American in theAmerican Red Cross Nursing Serviceon July 2.1919 The UK passes theNursing Act of 1919, which provides for registration of nurses, but it will not become effective until 1923. 1920s[edit]1921 Sophie Mannerheim, a pioneer of modern nursing in Finland, accepts the chairmanship of the Finnish Red Cross.

20th CENTURY CONT...1923 The Nursing Act of 1919 becomes effective andEthel Gordon Fenwickis the first nurse registered in the UK.1929 TheJapanese Nursing Associationis established.1930s1931 The Forgotten Frontier, a documentary about theFrontier Nursing Servicein Kentucky, is filmed.1937 SisterElizabeth Kennypublishes her first book,Infantile Paralysis and Cerebral Diplegia: Method of Restoration of Function.1938 TheNurses MemorialinArlington National Cemeteryis erected in Section 21 (the "Nurses Section") to honor nurses who served in the armed forces during World War I. Over 600 nurses are buried at Arlington.

20th CENTURY CONT...World War II

U.S. Navy Nurse and released POW aboard USSBenevolence, 1945.1939-1945- Military and naval nurses from numerous countries serve outside their countries.1941-45 - Over 59,000 American women serve in theU.S. Army Nurse Corps

20TH CENTURY CONT...1940s1942 - Beveridge Report recommends comprehensive health care funded through National Insurance.1948 TheNational Health Serviceis launched on July 5.1949 Mary Elizabeth Carnegieis the first black person elected to the board of the Florida Nurses Association with the right to speak and vote.[24]1949 - Formation of College of Nursing Australia.

20th CENTURY CONT...1950s[edit]1951 Males join the United Kingdom same register of nurses as females for the first time.[citation needed]1951 [National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service]NAPNESalong with professional nursing organizations and the U.S. Department of Education created Vocational Nursing standards for education and the LPN / LVN level of nursing was created in the United States.1952 The introduction ofsedativestransformsmental health nursing.

20th CENTURY CONT...1954 One of the firstPhD programs in nursingis offered at the University of Pittsburgh.1955 Elizabeth Lipford Kent becomes the first African American to earn aPhD in nursing.1956 TheColumbia UniversitySchool of Nursing is the first in the U.S. to grant a master's degree in a clinicalnursing specialty.1960s1960 TheUniversity of Edinburghinitiates the first degree in nursing.1965 The establishment of the firstnurse practitioner (NP)role, developed jointly by a nurse educator and a physician at the University of Colorado

20th CENTURY CONT...1970s1971 Florence Waldand her associates found Hospice, Inc., thus establishing the hospice movement in the United States of America1979 - Dr Watson's first book published, based on her theory of caring.1980s1980s In America, theMSNdegree became the required degree foradvanced practice nursecertification.Nurse Practitioners with certificateswere grandfathered in. The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) first required a Masters Degree in order to sit for the boards in 1999.

20th CENTURY CONT...1982 - Florence Nightingale Trust was created where they had Florence Nightingales letters, artifacts and publications made viewable to the public and protected at theFlorence Nightingale Museum. 1983 The importance of human rights in nursing is made explicit in a statement adopted by theInternational Council of Nurses.

20TH CENTURY CONT...1990s[edit]Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson

1990 Florence Nightingale's birthday (May 12) is declared the official Nursing Day in Japan.[35]1992 Eddie Bernice Johnsonis the first nurse elected to theU.S. Congress. 1999 - I define caring as a "nuturing way of relating to a valued 'other' toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility" (Swanson,1991

21st CENTURY 2000 - Review of undergraduate nursing education by New Zealand Nursing Council[48]2002 TheNursing and Midwifery Counciltakes over from the UKCC as the UK's regulatory body.2003 - Primary Health Care framework document is released by New Zealand Ministry of Health.

21st CENTURY CONT....2010 - A national regestration for all nurses and midwives came into force in Australia in July 2010. (Daly, Speedy & Jackson, 2010)[52]2010 - Nurses' Health Study 3 begins enrolling: Female RNs, LPNs, and nursing students 20-46 are encouraged to join this long-term women's health study.

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