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DOCUMENT RESUME

SO 007 787

AUTHOR Gross, Richard E.TITLE Social Studies Essentials in an Era of Doubt.PUB DATE 74NOTE 19p.; Drawn on a spe.ech given to the Midwest Regional

Conference of the National Council for the SocialStudies (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 1974)

SIPS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS *Curriculum Development; Environmental Education;

Futures (of Society); Global Approach; HumanisticEducation; Inquiry Training; InterdisciplinaryApproach; Peace; Population Education; *Relevance(Education) ; Social Action; *Social Studies; *WorldProblems

ABSTPACTAn analysis of factors contributing to nocio-civic

deterioration suggests a framework for emphasis in social studiesinstruction that teachers may use to take a positive step toward theimprovement and maintenance of civilized society. These factorsinclude social rigidity rather than change; overreach andoverexpansion leading to exhaustion of. people and resources; nationalsecurity as an excuse for self-interest and greed; personalalienation and loss of common loyalties; and erosion of moral values.A liberating education addressing these factors and centering insocial studies, but characterizing an entire school, should include:11) training in learning how to learn; (2) content devoted to humanand .self-understanding; (3) involvement of students in cultural andsocial goals; .(4) population education; (5) environmental education;(6) peace education; (7) °familiarity and involvement in political andsocial action; (8) an interdisciplinary approach; (9) future studies;and (1^) a global orientation. Effecting such a curriculum requiresthat teachers replace old frameworks and rely on a constructiveapproach. (JH)

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01Y.I. 11111PARTMINT OP NIALTR.

RIMICATION I VOILPARI",

1`. 0 SOCIAL STUDIES ESS:NT(ALS IN Ay ERA OF DOUBT*NATHIRIM. tNIRMSTI OF

. A 11:91

Duca) ORACTLY AS RICRIVOD PROMTHIS DOCUMENT NM REPRO

RicHaup E. ORDSSATHTIENPerflelpoi00 ORORNItAtiOw ORIGIN

NTS OP VIEW 011 OPINIONS

. CV, STANFORC UNIVERSITY

STATED DO NOT NECESSARtLy REPRESENT OPPICIRL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

.# SrPr'L'

EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

THE CONTEmPORARN ERA AN LD THE LIGHT or THE PASTv Ci olorrr

*ID 3EVeN YEARS A3O WALTER LIPPmANN, COMMENTING ON Tug AMERICAN PROMISE,

MOTE THAT THIS WROMISEft THE BEST ExampLr'or HOW HUMANS CAN LAVE IN FREEDOM)

CMHAD IN THE MINAS or MANY CITIZENS BECK BETRAYED AND WAS ACTUALLY BEING ABANDONED,

He SAW US IN THE WORSti QUAGMIRE IN WHICH THIS COUNTRY HAS EVER FLOUNDERED AND

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CLAIMED THAT THE SHATTERING OF wESTERN IDEALS AND POWER MARKED HTHE HISTORIC

FACT THAT WE ARE LIVING THROUGH THE CLOSING CHAPTERS or THE ESTABLISHED ANO

TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE6U

WE HAVE BEEN FURTHER CHOCKED AND STUNNED IN THE ENSUING YEARS, I NEED

NOT RECITE THE LITANY OF DISASTERS FROM THE NEAR LOSS or OUR SOULS AS WE LOST

OW( rIfibT WAR IN HISTORY TO ALMOST LOSING OUR CONSCIENCE SYMBOLIZED BY THE LOSS

OF FAITH, PRICE, AND BELIEF IN OUR NATIONAL LEADERSHIP BECAUSE OF VENIALITY IN

THE HIGHEST OFFICES, OR THEI.CCEPTANGE OF SUCH AM3,2rALITY BY OTHER.qCITIZENS WHO

VIEW SUCH ACTS AS BEING NORMAL! Now, ON TOP OF THESE SICKENING DEVELOPMENTS,

THE NATION'S WHEELS WERE NEARLY PARALYZED WHEN THE TAKEN-FOR-GRANTED INTERLOCKED

WORLD OF INDUSTRY, BUSINESS, AND GOVERNMENT WAS DRAWN TO A NEAR HALT BY THE

SHORTAGE OF A SINGLE, ESSENTIAL PRODUCT; AT THE SAME TIME; ALL OF US, AND

ESPECIALLY THE SENIOR CITIZENS, FACE A FUNDAMENTAL. AND UNRESOLVED THREAT OF

BEING LITERALLY Rosao BY A RUNAWAY INFLATION, WHICH PROBAULY CAN ONLY INCREASE,

FED SY MOUNTING SCARCITICC.

AFTER OVER TwO CENTURIES OF UNCHECKEO "GOr"MORE," AND "PUSH ON," WE ARE

FACE TO FACE WITH THE POSSIBLE FACT THAT WE HAVE REACHED AND PASSED OUR APEX

* DNAVN. ON i GPIrroo 0:VEN 10 Tri". MiDwrr,T PrGfuNAL. CoNFERE.N0E OF THE NATIoN,

COUNCIL FOR 114E 3nCIAL ILInAuKEE, APRIL 27, 1974.

1. OCTObER 9, 1967, F. 21.

0E0 COI IWO0

AS A NATION SUDDENLY NEW WATCHWORDS CALL IISTOP,I1 "CUT SACK," AND "NO GROWTHft

How MUCH OF THE CURRENT MIASMA AND FUTURE REDUCTIONS AND LIMITATIONS CAN WE LIVE .

WITH, LET ALONE OVERCOMEi WHILE WE ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN THE STANDARDS AND FRAC*

TICES THAT, HAVE MARKED OUR LIVES?. THERE ARE GOOD SASES FOR REAL MUST; OUT NO

MATTER WHAT IS POSSIPLC, WE HAVE ALREADY SEEN SO STRUCK PSYCHOLOGICALLY THAT THE

NATIONAL eICENTENNIAL COMP EMORATION OF 1976 LOOMS AC A HOLLOW EXERCISE. CAN THE

SPIRIT OF 176 SE REKINDLED?

FELLOW TEACHERS, I HAVE OFTEN THOUGHT WHAT A SAD ROLE IT MUST SE TO SE A

HISTORY MENTOR IN SPAIN OR IN GREECE OR FOR THAT MATTER THROUGHOUT MUCH OF THE

WORLD BUT, TODAY, WHAT OF OUR OWN STORY? WE ARE LED TO SERIOUSLY CONSIDER

'SOCRATES' CONCLUSION THAT A DEMOCRACY CANNOT BECOME LARGE, RIC14, AND POWERFUL

AND P.EmAIN A DEMOCRACY, AND NOW EVEN SURVIVAL IS BEING QUESTIONED. HESITANCY

STALKS TrC LAND. INCREASINGLY, PEOPLE AND AGENCIES SEEM FEARFUL TO ACT; CONSIDER

WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE VIGOR AND DRIVE OF MANY OF OUR YOUTH IN MERELY FIVE

YEARS, IS WHAT WE HAVE KNOWN AS THE AMERICAN WAY TIED INEXORABLY TO ABUNDANCE,

NEVER.ENDING EXPANSION, AND EXPLOITATION a-0 TO PRACTICES NOW ABSOLUTELY ON THE

'WAY OUT AND SOON NO LONIGER POSSIBLE? INDEED, FOR EXAMPLE, HOW LONG SHOULD WE

ALLOW OUR PLASTIC CURSE TO ENGORGE? WHEN WILL WE BECOME INCENSED :..VER THE

TOWERING RESIDUE OF INDIVIDUALLY PACKAGED REMAINS AT OUR HAMBURGER STANDS OR

AT THE INCREASINGLY WASTEFUL PACKAGING OF SEPARATE MEALS FOR OUR PAMPERED PETS?

THE SI ATE OF OREGON HAS LED THE WAY WITH A LAW FORBIDDING ONE-WAY BEVERAGE

CONTAINERS; BUT THIS MERELY REFLECTS RATIONAL DECISIONS MADE PREVIOUSLY IN A

NUMBER OF OTHER COUNTRI ES, INCLUDING GERMANY, THAT -?HEY COULON IT AFFORD THE

CONVEN ENCE OF NO- DEPOSIT BOTTLES, RECOGNIZING THAT THEY WOULD SURELY SUFFOCATE

IN THEIR Ow4 GARDACE SUCH HARD CHOI CES MUCr NOW DC' MADE OVER AND OVER AGAIN

IN OUR OV1 COUNTRY AS WE DEVELOP NECESSARY NEW LIFE STYLES.

a; , Iv a caaajt. v. cos.... Act ... :744,1111.4 op, a

. 3 - ous"

THIC.PRESENT.WATERSHED ERA HAS SEEN A .LONG WHILE IN COMING; BUT ONCE

ENMESHED IN IT,'THERE ARE GRAVE TEMPTATIONS TO CLUSTER ON IN'' USUAL WAYS WHICH

MAY PROVE FAR MORE VANGE4OUC THAN TO RETREAT OR FIND SURCEASE IN NOSTALGIA

AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY, HENRY AOAMS,..A SRILLIANT.EOCIAL ANALYST, LOOKED

ABOUT AND SAW OUR DEVOTION TO MACHINES AS AN IMPENDING DISASTER THIS TENDENCY

DRAMATIZED BY UNCHECKED TECHNOLOGY WAS ALREADY UNDERCUTTING HUMANE VALUES.

ENGINES, INSTEAD OF SERVING, WOULD LIKELY DESTROY US, AND HE UTTERED THE PRO-.

PHETIC WORDS.... AFTER US THE DELUGE."

IN GERMANY A FEW YEARS LATER AN ERUDITE SCHOOLMASTER CAME TO THE CONCLUSION'

THAT UNFORTUNATELY AT THE MOMENT INTELLIGENCE COULD REACH A TRIUMPH IN WESTERN

CIVILIZATION, ALL WOULD BE INEVITABLY LOST NO MANKIND'S BASE INSTINCTS OUR

TWENTIETH CENTURY BEING THAT OF DER UNTERCiANG DES ABENOLANDES. THEN, IN THE

AUTUMN OF OUR COLLECTIVE EXISTENCE, OSWALD SPENCLER SAW WINTERTIME OUGX AHEAD

IN THE CERTAIN DECLINE OF THE WEST.

LATER, ARNOLD TOYNBEE BROUGHT HIS IMk!ENSE ERUDITION TO EXAMINE CONDITIONS

CHARACTERIZING THE MARCH OF MANKIND, BRILLIANTLY TRACING THE RISE AND FALL OF

A SCORE OF CIVILIZATIONS. TOYNUEE WAS NOT THE FATALIST AS ARE SO MANY OTHER

2PROPHETS OF DOOM. TOYNBEE CONCLUDED THAT IN SPITE OF MAN'S BLEAK RECORD, HE

DIDN'T SEE COLLAPSE AS INEVITABLE IF A PEOPLE RESPOND WITH MIND AND HEART.

THEY MAY OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES OF THEIR ERA; THEY MAY PERSEVERE.

NOW IF WE TEACHERS WERE NOT OPTIMISTS BY NATURE AND TRADE, WE WOULDN'T

BE IN THE BUSINESS OF TRYING TO HELP SHAPE THE NEXT GENERATION. BUT INCREAS

INGLY WE HAVE DOUBTS ABOUT OUR EFFICACY. AND, FOR THAT MATTER, IF OUR EFFORTS

ARE INCONGRUENT WITH LIFE AROUND US, IF OTHER IMPORTANT FORCES IN EGJCATION

111e2. SCE, FOR EXAMPLE, PAUL R. EPRIACH PCPULATICN EC "_', eALLENTINE E00KG,

1967, OR m:'-RE kECENTLY ROBERT L. HL:ILBRON'ER A' frtji RY I:: TO THE H's.;.!A:JPP:;SPECT, ;ORTON, 1971:.

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*St VII 014101.1

OUCH AS THC.rAMILV, MACS MEDIA1 ANO THC REALM OF SUGMCGS co OFTEN SEEM TO,

COUNTER OUR AIMS AND %OM:, CAN WE OC.MUCH TO HELP SHAPE A BETTER FUTURE?

REALISTICALLY, CAN AC DO .MORE THAN PREPARE YOUTH FOR ADJUSTMENT TO A COO.I40,

THE+WHEEL EXISTENCE? SHOULD WE BC PEDDLIUG SURVIVAL KITS OF DRUGS, NIHILISM,

ESCAPE CIRCUSES, AND THE SECURITY OF BEHAVIORAL. MODIFICATION?. ARC WE INDEED

THE HOLLOli MEN WOVE BEEN DAMNINGLY DESIGNATED IN SONG AND POEM? WAS T. 4.

ELIOT RIGHT AS HE FORECAST OUR EVENTUAL WASTELAND .,..

IN THE LAND OF LOBELIAS AND TENNIS FLANNELSTHE RABBIT SHALL BURROW AND THE THORN REVISIT,THE NETTLE SHALL moukism ON THE GRAVEL COURTAND THE WIND SHALL SAY: "HERE WERE DECENT GODLESS PEOPLE:THEIR ONLY MONUMENT THE ASPHALT ROADAND A THOVEAND LOST acLr BALLS."

THE ROCK, HARCOURT, BFACE,1934, Po 30.

TOYNBEE SEES THE VALUE OF THE STUDY OF HISTORY AS PARAMOUNT IN AN ERA

AS OURS. HISTORY DOES REVEAL. THAT AND HON PEOPLE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY RESPONDED

To 01'q..C:VeJITIONE; tT DOE REFLECT THE IMPORT OF FAITH AND SHOWS THAT MORAL

ORDER UNDERGOES REGENERATION AC WELL AS DECAY; IT FURTHER REVEALS THE FOLLY

OF UNINFORMED ACTION OR, WORSE YET, OF THE LACK OF POSITIVE, RESPONSIBLE ACTION

«me ALL FACTORS WHICH HAVE BROUGHT NATIONS TO THEIR KNEES. HISTORY ALSO BRINGS

PERSPECTIVE AND INSIGHT TO WEIGH AGAINST THE ENORMITY OF CONTEMPORARY DISASTERS.

JOHN GARDNER CITES THESE MELANCHOLY LINES:

To WHOM CAN I SPEAK TODAY?THE GENTLE MAN HAS PERISHEDTHE VIOLENT MAN HAS ACCESS TO EVERYBODY.

To WHDM CAN 1 SPEAK TODAY?THE INIQUITY THAT SMITES THE LANDIT HAS NO END.

To WHOM CAN I SPEAK TODAY?THERE ARC NO RIGHTf:OUa MENTHE EARTH IS SURRLNUCRED TO CRIMINALS.

3

3. F0..1 C,.....TcR '2 r%':,RAL CECAY 1.Nb PLThr:;AL" IN JOH% ;lo GARDNUI

THE INDIVIDUAL AND Ili: INNCVA.TIVE SOCIETY, HARPER AND Row, 1964.

tOV otatTIMELY? IT WAS WRITTEN BY AN EGYPTIAN CONTEMPLATOG SUICIDE DURING THE'PER100

OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM, SOME FOUR ThOUSAND YEARS AGO!

WC HAVE SURVIVED cciatinics OF CHICANERY, VIOLENCE, ENSLAVEMENT, AND MURDER.

WE HAVE NOT LIVED UP TO OUR DREAMS.. Too FREQUENTLY INFIDELITY HAS SEEN THE

PASSWORD, FELLOW TEACHERS AND OPTIMISTS, WHAT CAN WE DO TODAY TO MAKE OURa

OPTIMISM A REALITY TOMORROW? WHAT SHALL WE SELECT FROM THE LONG SWEEP OF THE

PAST AS WELL AS OF THE PRESENT TO SERVE OUR VITAL PURPOSES? I HAVE COMBED

NOT ONLY PESSIMISTIC THEORISTS BUT ALSO POETS ANO POPULAR PUNDITS IN AN AT.

TEMPT TO ISOLATE AND CLARIFY MAJOR FACTORS IN THE SLIPPAGE OF CIVILIZATIONS.

IT IS MY PROPOSITION THAT THESE FORCES SHOULD PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK IN THESE

TIMES FOR OUR LOCI AL STUDIES UNITS, TOPICS, AND LESSONS.

NOTE, I AM NOT IDENTIFYING A DEFINITE SCOPE AND SEQUENCE; BUT, RATAER,

CONRITIONS WHOSE SUB.ELEMENTS AND INDICATED LEARNING EXPERIENCES WILL BE

DEVELOPED BY cunRicuLum PLANNERS AND TEACHERS IN TERMS OF LOCALE, THEIR

PUPILS, CURRENT CONDITIONS, AND OPPORTUNE NEEDS. I WILL TREAT FIVE UNDER.

LYING THEMES WHICH I FORWARD FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION AS "A WARP AND WOOF OF

THE SOCIAL STUDIES. THESE SHOULD UL REFLECTED AND EVIDENCED IN THE OFFERINGS

AND COURSC$ DETAILED SUBSEQUENTLY. UNHEEDED, THEY WILL PERMIT THE CUTURE TO

EMERGE MORE HARMFUL, HIDEOUS, AND HOPELESS. THEREFORE, WE SHOULD CONSIDER

THESE FIVE AS A SET OF GUIDELINES TOWARD A NEW GENERAL OR LIBERAL EDUCATION

THAT IS NOW SO SADLY NEEDED. I FEEL VERY STRONGLY THAT NOT JUST AMERICA

BUT THE WORLD IS IN DIRE NEED OF A CORE OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDINGS, COMMON

COMPETENCIES, AND HUMANE INSIGHTS. LATER I WILL DESIGNATE THE PARTICULAR

EMPHASES OF SUCH A LISCRATING EDUCATION WHICH SHOULD RE CENTERED IN THE

SOCIAL STUDIES OUT MUST CHARACTERIZE THE ENTIIIE SCHOOL.

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it

PRIME ELEMENTS 1.4 THE VAINTENACE cr SOCIETY '8E5 Oft 0110111

I. AS SOCIETIES AGE, THEY DECOME RIGID, NrLexisLe, AND LOSE THEIR

EXPANSIVE VIGOR. AMERICANS STILL LOOK UPON THE UNITED STATES AS A YOUNG

COUNTRY AND, WHILE C^MPARE0 TO MANY OTHER PEOPLES, WE ARE UNHAPPILY, IT SEEMS,

IN PROLONGED ADOLESCENCE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT OUR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

IS ONE OF THE OLDEST EXISTING IN THE WORLD. UNFORTUNATELY WE TEND TO HAVE

FORGOTTEN-OUR REVOLUTIONARY DEGINNINGS AND, AS WEALTH AND POWER GREW, CONSERVA.A

TISM HAS SET UPON THE LANr. ANY STUDY OF REVOLTS REVEALS THAT ELITE RELUCTANCE

TO. CHANGE, CONSERVATIVES BORDERING ON REACTION, AND THE FAILURE TO MAINTAIN AND

EXTEND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MASS BETTERMENT ARE THE 'SUREST WAY TO GUARANTEE ULTIMATE

REVOLUTION. LOOK ABOUT YOURSELF IN THE STREETS AT WHAT YOU DEPLORE AND THEN

hEMEMBER THAT WHAT YOU FEAR AND DISLIKE IS PRIMARILY THC RESULT OF THE FAILURE

TO KEEP OUR DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT AND IDEALS IN THE FOREFRONT OF OUR LIVES. THE

PRINCIPLE OF THE CONTINUING AMERICAN REVOLUTION IS SOUND AND ESSENTIAL. I ONLY

HOP' WE RECAPTURE SOME OF THIS IN THE PREPAIATIONS FOR OUR BICENTENNIAL. SOCIAL

STUDIES TEACHERS MAY LOOK UPON THIS AS OUR BICENTENNIAL CHALLENGE. IF OUR

PEOPLE LOSE NERVE AND SPIRIT IN THE YEARS RIGHT AHEAD, WE WILL DEVELOP FURTHER

NATIONAL ARTERIAL SCLEROSIS, MOVE TOWARD THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY ABOVE ALL IN

A GARPISON STATE AND DIE A DEATH OF RIGIDITY AS HAVE SPARTA AND OTHER HIGHLY.

DOCTRINAIRE SOCIETIES.

II. ON THE OTHER HAND, SOCIETIES DIE FROM oVEREATENSION AND OVERREACH.

IN RECENT LIMES GERMANY HAS TWICE BEEN ALMOST MORTALLY INJURED BECAUSE OF OVER..

GRAND DESIGNS; JAPAN TOO. ROME IS A MOST CITED EXAMPLE OF THIS FATALITY WHICH

RUNS THROUGHOUT HUMAN AFFAIRS, ALWAYS BRINGING EVCNTUAL RETRIBUTION. ON A

MUOH'MORE LIMITED SCALE, FOR EXAMPLE, CONSIDER THE MISTAKES OF CENTRALIZED

AND CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLING. EXTREME UNIFICATION hAS BAOKFIRLD BECAUSE SGHOOL

i/ M11 7 r flBEST COPY AVAILABLE

AUTHORITIES OVERREACHED, PLACING CHILDREN ON BUSES FOR WASTED HOURS EACH DAY,

CUTTING THE SCHOOL FROM ITS COMMUNITY BASE, AND IN NORTHERN CLIMES WE HAVE IN

RETROSPECT BECOME VERY "SNOWWISE" ON THIS ERROR. THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY PRO..

VOCE ANOTHER EXAMPLE or OVERREACH. .EVER LARGER PLANES HAVE BEEN BUILT IN

EXPECTATION OF CONTINUALLY MOONTING TRAFFIC; THE PLANNERS FORGOT, HOWEVER,

THAT A TIME WOULO BE REACHED WHEN NO MORE PASSENGERS COULD BE GAINED* FROM

TRAINS AND BUSES. SUCH A PERIOD IS UPON US.AND THE SAD RESULT HAS BEEN ECONOMIC

DEPRESSION IN THE INDUSTRY AND MOTHBALL FLEETS OF nit NEW SKY MONSTERS IN OUR$

SOUTHWESTERN DESERTS.

BUT I REFER TO OVEN MORE SIGNIFLCANT OVEREXTENSI6N AND RELATED RESOVRCE

EXHAUSTION. IT IS HARD TO BELIEVE THAT THE DRY ANIPAR'RE"MIDDLE EAST WAS ONCE

A LUSH AND WOODED GARDENLAND0 MAN'S THOUGHTLESS DESTRUCTION OF NATURE'S RESOURCES

HAS GONE ON EVERYWHERE, EVEN CLEAR WARNINGS SUCH AS THE IMPENDING DEATH OF LAKE

ERIE HAVE BEEN BRUSHED ASIDE; TOO LATE THEN WE FIND OURSELVES ENMESHED IN A COMm

PLEX AND PAINFUL PROCLEM SUCH AS THE RECENT SILVER SAYS MINNESOTA INCIDENT. AND I

DO NOT HAVE TO LEAVE HOME TO PROVIDE EXAMPLES; IN CALIFORNIA, MY OWN SANTA CLARA

VALLEY' ONE OF THE RICHEST AGRICULTURAL CENTERS IN THE WORLDS IS BEING RAPIDLY

RETIRED FROM PRODUCTION AND CEMENTED UP WITH SPRAWLING URBAN DEVELOPMENTS.

OUR OWN OVERREACH IS MATCHED BY ENDLESS OTHERS. THE INTERNATIONAL DECLINE

OF FISH AND FISHERIES BORDERS ON A GLOBAL DISASTER. I HAVE FOUND THE RHINE,

THE NECKAR' AND THE DANUBE ANYTHING BUT kALUE AND UNBELIEVABLY POLLUTED. AROUND

THE WORLD THE FURNACES BELCH PALLS OF BMOC, AND EVEN BEAUTIFUL CITIES SUCH AS

RIO DE JANEIRO AND LISBON ARE FREQUENTLY LOST IN SUCH HAZE.

THE UNITED STATES, OF COURSES PROVIDES THE PRIME EXAMPLE OF INDUSTRIAL

OVEr:REACH. TO MAINTAIN OUR PRESENT FIVE TO SIX PER CENT ANNUAL GROWTH FACTOR

WILL MEAN THAT BY 19.10 WE WILL NEED ALMOSI ONE -HALF OF THC TOTAL CNERGY AVAIL»

ABLE IN THE WORLD! (AND REMEMBER' ALL or THEUHAVE»NOTS" AND DEVELOPING NATIONS

a.

BES1 Cal AWAKE

RUSHING AFTER JS TO JUMP AHEAD ON THE DEATHLY BANDWAGON OF. UNCONTROLLED GROWTH.)

INTERNATIVNAL OVERREACH MAY WELL SOON CVOLVE INTO A VICIOUS SERIES or STRUGGLES.

MEANWHILE. WE ARC DEIN° WARNED THAT UNBRIDLED ENERGY USE IS HEATING THE ATMOS...

PHERE 60 RAPIOLY THAT THE EARTH MAY BECOME UNLIVABLE IN LESS THAN 230 MORE YEARS

THE ULTIMATE OVERREACH.

I it* TRADITIONALLY NATIONS AND SOCIETIES HAVE ALSO FREQUENTLY FALLEN TO

CONQUEST, TO ATTACKS FROM WITHOUT SUCH OPTIONS REMAIN A THREAT THROUGHOUTTHE

WORLD AND, WHILE WE ARE MERCIFULLY SPARED THE IMMINENT FEAR OF NUCLEAR ANNIHIL..

.ATION BECAUSE OF DETENT, WE LIVE ON THE RAZOR'S EDGE IN AN ATOMIC STANDOFF.

MORE DANGFROUS TIMES MAY LIE JUST AHEAD AS MIDDLE...RANGE NATIONS DEVELOP ATOMIC

POWER AND WEAPONS* THERE WILL 'BE TEMPTATION IN THE GROWING GLOBAL COMPETITION

FOR .RESOURCES AND PRODUCTS TO THREATEN AND TO BLUFF, AND THE RESULT CAN OE AN

'ATOMIC HOLOCAUST NATIONAL 'SECURITY REMAINS IMPORTANT AND NEEDS PROVISIONING;

OUT WE P. RESIST THE ARMS RACE OF CONSTANTLY EXPANDING MILITARY BUDGETS THAT

NOW DRAINS Orr 60 MANY OF OUR RESOURCES AND RESERVES THAT COULD BE PUT TO

SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT USE* JUST THINK OF WHAT COULD BE DONE EDUCATIONALLY

WITH SCMC TWENTY MILLION DOLLARS NOW EXPENDED ON A SIN3LE BOMBER OR SUBMARINE.

ECONOMIC CONQUEST MAY BE MORE PREVALENT IN THE MODERN WORLD AND ALSO CAN

BE FATAL. WE ARE CERTAIN TO MEET INCREASING COMPETITION FOR DWINOLING WORLD

RESOURCES IN THE YEARS AHEAD; SUCH STRUGGLES MAY WELL ALSO LCAO TO DESPERATE

MILITARY ACTION. MANY PRODUCTS THAT WE HAVE TAKEN FOR GRANTED MUST BE CON.

SERVED FROM NOW ON. PAPER SHORTAGES PROMISE TO BE WITH US FOR THE FORESEE+

ABLE FUTURE; WOOD IS IN SHORT SUPPLY AND SO TOO NUMEROUS KEY CHEMICALS, WE

ARC ALL FAMILIAR WITH WHAT COPPER AND SILVER SHORTAGES HAVE D.N. TO OUR COINAGE

AN THr(li: APE JUST TWO OF THE NUMEROUS METALS CRUCIAL IN THE INDUSTRIAL WORLD

THAT FRE IN SHORT SUPPLY. MAJOR DEPOSITS OF COBALT, LEADS AND TIN ARE IN UNDER..

['FYI:LW-ED Cr)UNTkIrs, WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEY MANUFACTURING NATIONS FEEL THEY

.. 9 ..

ABSOLUTELY MUST HAVE INCREASED SUPPLIES? NE HAVE JUST SUFFERED THE IMMEDIATE

RESULTS or BUT AN EIGHT PER CENT CUT IN THE AMOUNT OF CRUDE OIL AVAILABLE TO

THIS NATION, THERE IS EVERY EVIDENCE THAT THIS AND SIMILAR SHORTAGES WILL

CONTINUE TO OCCUR, AND IT lb A QUESTION AS TO HOW MUCH OF THIS VARIOUS COON

TRIES WILL ACCEPT CRACCFVLLY, OUR RESOURCE SASE IS RAPIDLY BEING EXHAUSTED

AS THE WORLD HAS USED MORE RESOURCES IN THE PAST QUARTER CENTURY THAN WERE USED4P

IN THE ENTIRE PREVIOUS HISTORY OF MANKIND, COUPLED WITH THE CONTINUED GROWTH

OF POPULATION IN MUCH OF THE WORLD AND THE RESULTING DEMANDS, WE FACE THE CON

TINUED UPSURGE OF NATIONALISM, THERE CAN BE NO RESPITE FRCM THE RESULTS OF

THE MOUNTING USE OF NON.RENEWA&LE MATERIALS AND SHORTAGES OF VITAL GOODS MAY

WELL BRING A RASH OF WARS OF SURVIVAL.

IV.. ANOTHER ELEMENT OF CIVIL COLLAPSE IS THE INCREASE OF INTERNAL ALIEN.

ATM AND THE CONCURRENT LOSS OF COMMON LOYALTIES* CHARACTERIZED BY A GROWING

UNWILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE CIVICALLY OR, ON,7HE ortirR HAND, BY ANTI.ESTABLISH.

MENT ACTION, SUCH ATTITUDES ARE ENGENDERED BY DEBILITATING FACTORS AS A LONG AND

UNPOPULAR V,AR OR THE DESPERATION OF GHETTO EXISTENCE. THE END RESULT IS MOUNT..

ING DEVIATION or ALL SORTS DRAMATIZED DY COLD MURDER IN THE STREETS OR POLITICAL

ASSASINATLONS0

SUCH ARE THE TRAGIC REACTIONS TO THE ENLARGED GAPE BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THE

DETERIORATION OF A CEN1RAL MOTIF FOR THE CULTURE, FEWER AND FEWER INDIVIDUALS

LIVE IN TERMS OF EXPECTED NORMS AND LONC..TIME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRCFESSED AND

REAL VALUES ARE ACCENTUATED. THE "HAVE- NOTS", THE YOUNG, THE "OUTS," 114° ()IS...

APPOINTED, AND THE INCREASING NUMBER OF CONFUSED INDIVIDUALS, HIGHLY DISCONTENTED

WITH THEAR LOT AND THE SOCVL HYPOCRISY ABOUT THEM,W)VE FROM .RYNICISM TO OUTRIGHT

RANICALIV.

IN OUR TIMES wE'VE SF =N AT LEAST FIVE DIRECTIONS OF SUCH SEPARATNN AND

f.EGPrGAT;()'4: SOmr/wIT-r,nAv. OR ArTEmpT TO FscApE -- Nippiest DRUG USERS, Com,AuNE'S,

10 -

ta 00601.

AND EMIGRES; OTHERS REACT ANTISOCIALLY IN A MORAL sct.r...1Nout.or.Nce .4. SWINGING

SEXISTS, SKULL AND CROSSUONE MOTORCYCLE GANGS, AND WANTON ZEBRA KILLERS;

ANOTHERARGVp BECOME ACTIVE AND ILLEGAL REVOLUTIONISTS AN UCTIMAT4xAmPLE

BEING THE BIZARRE AND ERJSTRATED SYMBIONESE LIBERATION ARMY WHO WERE DEDICATED

TO "DESTROY T4E CAPITALISTIC STATE AND ALL OF ITS VALUESO STILL OTHERS RETREAT

TO ISOLATED SELFPRCSERvATION WITHIN THE COMMUNITY FROM IRONS AND bARS ON

URSAN ApARTmENT DOOR; AND WINDOWS TO tuBuRSAN COMPOUNDS FOR THE AFFLUENT WHERE

WE RESIDE BEHIND GATES, WALLS, AND MOATS IN OUR MANOR HOUSE CASTLES IN FEAR OF

CHERISHEDTHE NEW DARK Aar; ANOTHER GROUP. ANXIOUS TO PRESERVE/ELEMENTS OF PAST AND PRESENT

BECOME THE VIGILANTE PROTECTORS; . DESPERATE, THEY MAY TURN ON THE SYSTEM IN THE

rxcusr OF SAVING IT AS THEY EMERGE. AS THE NEW CAESARS, THE MASTERS OF THE CCNoEN

TRATION CAMPS OF THE 1 9601$.

WHAT A SET OF UNHAPPY CHOICES! FREEDOM BECOMES LICENCE; POSITIVE AUTHORITY

ERODES; LAW IS TRAMPLED UPON AND JUSTICE IS REALLY BLINDFOLDED .. NO SOCIETY CAN

ENDURE UNDER THESE EXTREMES.

V. THE LAST FACTOR PARALLELS THE FOURTH; IT INVOLVES THE EROSION AND COL.

LAPSE OF CRUCIAL INSTITUTIONS. IF DIVERGENT VALUES BECOME PREDOMINANT, IF THERE

IS LESS AND LESs WE CAN EE CERTAIN OF, IF ALMOST ANY BEHAVIOR IS ACCEPTABLE, IF

ANYTHING GOES 'AS EACH DOES HIS OWN THING, THE TIES THAT BIND SLIP AND THE AGENCIES

OF SOCIALICONTROL BZCCME INOPERABLE IN A SEA OF moMAL RELATIVITY,

I DO NOT. HAVE TO CITE EXAMPLES OF THIS BLIGHT; ARE ALL ENMESHED. IT, IS

EVIDENCED BY THE INCREAsING AND OPEN INFIDELITY. TO TRADITIONAL Wif:8 AMONG THE

YOUTH IN OUR CLASSROOMS; WE FIND IT IN OUR VERY OWN HOMES. WHILE GOVERNMENTAL

ENEaTITuTIoNs AND THEIR AGEN.X6,Now PROVIDE OVERLY RICH EXAMPLES HERE, LET US

LCOK BRIEFLY AT THE rAMILY, IT 16 CUR PRIPE h.GTITuTION or SOCIALIZATION AND

WHAT DOE;; ANO DOES NOT HAPPEN THERE CANNOT BE BALANCED BY PROGRAMS OF ANY NAME

OR LEVEL r?t HEADSTAr:T TO OPCRATICN COLDEN YEARS. ASA.IN, IT IS NOT NrCL6FARy

11

COVI POPIat

TO RELA1E THE TOO FAMILIAR STATISTICS ON 01111,RCE, PROMISCUITY' RISINd V.O.

RATES, ANA THE LIKE FOR wiNICH WE REGULARLY SLAME POOR PR. SPOOK .. OuR.NATIO%AL

SCAPEGOAT IN THIS AV.A... BUT SUCH SOCIALS PERMISSIVENESS AND FAMILY OETERIoRATIoN0

ARE A TRUE PLAGUE. I AGREE WITH BRONFENBENNER: THE FAMILY IS THE MOST ErFlolL4T

AND HUMANE AS WELL AS ECONOWICAL MEANS OF PRODUCING HEALTHY AND EFFECTIvE HUMAN

BEINGS. BEFORE IT IS 100 LATE *E NEED TO' REINFORCE CONDITIONS WHICH PROMOTE

WELL FUNOTIONING rAmiLiLs. (INDICATED ARE THE RESTORATIONIOF SUPPORTIVE NEIGH..

BORHOOD SETTINGS, INCREASED RESOURCES LARGELY ECONOMIC ... FOR THE SHEER

HOLDING OF FAMILIES TOGETHER, AG WELL AG PROM01ING THE FAMILY'S ImPORTANT

TEACHING FUNCTION.)

IN HIS RECENT AUTOBIOGRAPHY, JUSTICE WILLIAM DOUGLAS CITES THE ST:IIRING

DINNER TABLE: DISCUSSIONS HE OBSERVED AT THE JOSEPH KENNEDY FAMILY MEALS: %%HERE.

EACH EVENING THE CHILDREN WERE ASSIGNED A TOPIC FOR CONVERSATION. WHAT A FAR

CRY FROM THE DISRUPTION OF SO MANY CURRENT FAMILIES WHERE THE HOME HA& BEEN

DESCRIBED AS SIMILAR TO A GAS STATION WITH FAMILY ME/1BERS noLLING IN,

THEIR HORNS, FILLING UP, AND ROLLING OUT AGAIN! EVEN TV, lks EDUCATIVE Au IT

CAN BE, IS A DIVISIVE INSTRUMENT IN MANY FAMILIES AS EACH or US IN szmiiccLATIL.

FOLLOW OUR OwN INTERESTS. I AM ATTEMPTING TO ILLUSTRATE THE DANGER OF' SEORuATIc..

WITHIN FAMILIES. IT MAY BE OUR MOST DAMAGING SEGREGATION. CERTAINLY si:GRF.GATICN

BY AGE LEVELS IS A THREATENING FORCE IN THE NEED TO BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER IN ii

RE-SHAPING AND REVITALIZATION c)F SOCIETY, LET ALONE THE FAMILY ITSELF. WHAT A

TRAGEDY, IF INDEED AS MARGARET MEAD CLAIMS, CHILDREN AND YfJUTH ARE THE TRUE

NATIVES AND WE ELDERS THE IMMIGRANTS IN THE A3E WE HAVE ENTERED. CAN YOU uNUS--4..

STAND WHAT THIS IMPLIES IN THE WAY OF A SERIOUS GENERATION GAP? OF couk5C, wE

MUCT LISTEN TO THE CRIED OF CUR DISCIDC14TC /..*;D THE PLLAOING:; Cr THE

IN HOME AND scH001. CAN4OT Ai-IA*400N CUR ROLES AD MODELS AND TuToRso !?T, 16 IT

ALREADY TOO LATE AND, ir AAE itE UP TO WHAT I U OE'.' \DCD7

- 12

TitE 19OrRAT I VC ,1 CI AL STVS I EC rnC CRAMUp( AVAILABLE

IF THC FOREGOING 0ALY6I S OF FACTORS IN SOCIO.CI VIC DETERIORATION AND

COLLAPEE I $ EVEN HALF..CORRECT, THERE ARE IMMEDI ATE DEMANDS FOR roucATIoN. To

GAVE OURSELVES AS WELL AS OUR FUTURE, I AM AFRAID I MUST COUNSEL WHAT I S ESSEN.

TI ALLY A H7ADACHE DURRI CULUM. AT THIS POINT I WILL ONLY SKETCH OUT FUNDAMENTAL

AREAS or EMPHASIS; THE PLOTTING or EXACT WEANS AND oPeciric {.EARNINGS IS THE

CHALLENGE BEFORE ALL OF tgi FkOM THIS DAY ON. VIE NAVE LITTLE TIME AND YOU MUST

FIND DEQUATE AND IMPORTANT PLACES FOR THE FOLLOWING ESSENTIALS:

(1) A SKILLS ORIENTATION AND SKILLS TRAINING WITH PROCESS BEING CONTENT,

AB WELL AS A PRIME MEANS OF APPROACHING CONTENT, I S A PRELIMINARY AND CONTINUING

ESSENCE' LEARNING HOW TO LEARN 1 S BOTH THE BEST AND THE SAFEST WAY TO EDUCATE.1

Fin THE UNKNOWN.4 iT IS ALSO AT THE CORE OF THE BELIEF THAT REASON AN) INTELLECT

At ILTORTANT,COR THESE SKILLS ARE BASIC TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RATIONALITY.

REGULAR ATTENTION TO LEARNING COMPETENCIES, THEN, PROVIOLS THE FUNDAMENTAL

MEANS OF COMPREHENDING AND VIORKING IN OUR MAGNIFICENT UNIVERSE ... ONE THAT is

NOT CHAOTIC, NOT CAPRICIOUS, BUT TO WHOSE GRAND DES' GN WE ARE STILL NOT ATTUNED.

How MUCH TIME ARE YOU GIVING TO SUCH DIRECT SKILL TRAINING?

(2) PRIME. CONTENT SHOULD BE DL:VOTED TO HUMAN AND SELF UNDERSTANDING,

ESPECIALLY TO HELPING EACH or US SEE OURSELVES AS A NEIGHBOR OR COMPANION IN

RELATION TO OTHERS. WHY AM I 1HE WAY I AM? How SHOULD I CONDUCT MYSELF?

WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF MY ACTIONS? WHAT DO 1 OWE TO WHOM? To

WHAT SHOULD I ec TRUE? No SINGLE COURSE CAN TREAT SUCH QUESTIONS AND A NEW

BLEND OF PHILOSOPHY, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, RELIGION, AND HUMAN

RELATION:', EDUCATION IC wcocer.,Any. THE PREMISE IS THAT ETHICAL DECISIONS BASED

4. Sri CHAPIN, UU4C R., AND 2ROSS, RICHARD E. TEACI-iLG SOCIAL STUDIES OKILLS,

LITTLE, E:kot.,-:, 1973, PARTICULARLY PP. 6..:120

BEST CO M AVAlabt

UPON A MORAL VISION ARC TO BE CHERISHED. REMEMBER MR. CHIPS? 'OM THIRTY

YEARS LF TEACHING, HE WAS BROUGHT TO FINALLY QUESTION THE VALUE OF MOST THAT.

HE AND HIS COLLEAGUES HAO IMPARTED He CONCLUDED, HOWEVER RIGHTLY, THAT

CHARACTER EDUCATION SHOULD BE THE TEACHER'S MAJOR OONTRIOUTION "V1c ALSO

TAUGHT THC BOYS HOW TO BEHAVE ANO WHAT Is MORE IMPORTANT THAN TO UE CRAVE,

STRONG, 'AND TRUE?" How MUCH THOUGHT AND TIME IN YOUR SOCIAL STUDIES DO YOU

GIVE TO BUILDING SUCH INSIGHTS AND QUALITIES?

(1) WE NEED TO ALSO STRIVE TOWARD THE MAINTENANCE ANO FULFILLMENT OF

WORTHY CULTURAL GOALS. THESE ARE BEST CAUGHT IN ACTUAL FACETOFACE EXPCRIo

ENCES, CONFRONTATIONS, AND JOINT EFFORTS IN SCHOOL AND communtTv.. IN ADDITION

TO PROVIDING COMmUNITYCENTERED LEARN INGS, SCHOOLS THEMSELVES MUST BC NO HALF.

WAY HOUSES TO CITI2ENVHIP. THEY SHOULD SE EXEMPLARS OF WHAT THEY PROFESS.

TEACHERS AND CLASSROOMS AS MODELS OF DEMOCRATIC BEHAVIOR ARE ONE GUARANTEE OF

ADEQJATE sOCIALIZATIoN AND CIVIC INVOLVEMENT. HERE, IN .JOINT EXPERIENCES WITH

DIFFERENT PEOPLE OF DIVERGENT OPINION, YOUNGSTERS WILL PARTICIPATE IN THE NECES

SARY AND PERSONAL REDISCOV;t:RY OF THE MEANING AND DEMANDS OF QUALITIES SUCH AS

LIBERTY AND JUSTICE. THEN, THERE IS COME HOPE THAT THEY WILL LIVE' TRUE TO

SUCH FUNDAMENTAL IDEALS, NOW OF PARTICULAR IMPORT IN RELATIONSHIPS WITH MINORITIES.

TOYNDEE SAW THE GREAT CURSE OF mAVKIND TO BE THAT OF SELFCENTEREDNESS.

IT WOULD UE IRONIC it FREEDOM, DEMOCRACYtS KEYSTONE, SHOULD PROVE DEMOCRACY'S

ALBATROSS, THOUGHTLESS, UNRESTRAINED, INDIVIDUAL CHOICES AND ACTIONS HAVE TO

BE COUNTERED AND MODERATED SY SOCIAL RESPONDISILITY; BUT I TRUST WE CAN AVOID

WHAT I CALL "THE CHINESE CHOICE." THIS IS NOT A CHOICE BUT LARGELY A DICTATE,

IT IS THE RESULT OF ACCRUING CONDITIONS WHICH LEAVE FEW OPTIONS AND CALL FOR

AN AUTOMATIC RESPONSE FoR CHAIRMAN MAC, WY STATE, kJD my FELEOws, THE CHINESE

CHOICE MAY BRING oBEDIEINCE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING, GAR: WITHOUT COMPASSION, AND

EXISTENCE ;11-HouT LI71Nu.5 Scm:, 141v,EvER, As 0, F. SKINNER, NOW SEE SUCH

5. SEE MY PREVIOUS REmARKS ON THIS PRWE DILEMMA IN THE M.0.000 PRE:ADENTIALADDRESS "THIS I HAVE LEARNED," SC:AAL ETJCATICN, 196Z, PP. 223-229.

. 14 .

BEST COPS WOWBLHAv1:11 CONTRieL AS OUR ONLY HOPE IN THE RACE: AGAINST CATASTROPHE. WHAT OF

..YOURSELF? Ho* ARC YOU APPROACHING THESE PRIME CHALLENGES IN YOUR SOCIAL

STUDIES PROGRAM?

(4) POPULATION IS LEVELLING OFF IN SOME DEVELOPED NATIONS BUT INTER.

NATIONALLY THE POPULATION BOMB STILL TICKS OMINOUSLY. A NUMBER or NATIONS

ON THE THRES/OLD OF /NDUSTRIALIZATION FACE AN IMMENSE EXPLOSION IN NUMBERS.

INDIA, FOR EXAMPLE, HAS BEEN PROMOTING POPULATION CONTROL FOR OVER TWENTY

YEARS AND, WHILE RATES OF INCREASE HAVE DECLINED IN SEVERAL REGIONS WHERE

PROCRAMS FEATJRIN:. VASECTOMY AND INTRAUTERINE DEVICES HAVE BEEN EMPHAGI7ED,

TOTAL NUMBERS OF PEOPLE HAVE STILL INCREASED DRAMATICALLY* AT PRESENT RATES

OF GROVvTH, IN ABOUT THIRTY YEARS. INDIA WOULD NEED ONE..HALF or THE TOTAL AVAIL.

ABLE WORLDIS FERTILIZER TO KEEP HER PEOPLE FROM STARVING. A CLEARLY IMPOSSIBLE

1000 PER CENT INCREASE IN THE WORLD'S RESOURCES WILL c NEEDED CY 2000 A.D. TO

MEET INTERNATIONAL POPULATIrM GPOWTHe

POPULATION PATTERNS, CPNCENTRATIONS, AND BALANCES ALSO DEMAND ATTENTION*

FOR EXAM7LE, THE SIGNIFICANT INCREAS: IN LONGEVITY AND THE RESULTANT CONCEN

TRATION OF OLDSTERS IN OUR NATION PRESENTS A NUMBER OF DILEMMAS. MORE IMMEDIATE

AND THREATENING ARE THE IMBALANCES IN THE CHANGING RURAL.URBAN STRUCTURE OF THE

NATION AND THE VAST CONCENTRATION OF SERIOUS CONDITIONS IN OUR CITIES. IT SEEMS

QUITE EVIDENT THAT WC CANNOT OR WILL NOT HANDLE ADEQUATELY THE FESTERING SORES

IN OUR GHETTOS AS MIGRATIONS CONTINUE INTO OUR MEGALOPOLISES IN THE NEXT

TWENTY YEARS, THREE - QUARTERS OF THE WORLDIS POPLLATION WILL BE URBAN°, HERE,

INCREASINGLY. ALIENATED AND SCHIZOPHRENIC INDIVIDUALS, UNABLE TJOADJUST, CONTRIBUTE.

TO THE TERROR OF THE CITIES. THESE uPR:',OTEO ANU LOST PECPLE ARE REALLY NOT A PART

OF GjR EDCIETY. ?;HAT ARL YOU DOING I'fITH CPULATIC.4 STATISTICS ND RELATED

6PRo5tr,s SUCH AS THOSE OF URPAN EXISTENCE IN YOU. 71 LOCI AL STUDIES CLASSES?

6. SEE THE 2XC._;...IT TCAC-IING C'. PC7'ULATICN EDUCATION IN EWILIE7AVV,THE CUtRTERLY JOURNAL OF :ERO POPULATION ROVgTH FOR JANUARY, 1974*

BM COPY AVAILABLE

(5) E%VIRZINMENTAL PROTECTION AND ImpRovimENT IN THE: QUALITY OF LIFE,

AO INOIcATEO t.C.ArE, CHDJLO BC ANOThCR CF OUR CENTRAL CONCERNS, WC NOW SEEM

To S.:LATEDLY UNDERSTAND THE CND:; OF EVERYTHING. THERE IS A DAWNING

OF CONSCIOUSNESS FINALLY A5 TO THE ImvoRT or CQUITAULE DISTRIDUTION AND OF

THE NECESSITY OF SHARING. A WILLIN3NECS TO POSTPONE GRATIFICATION AND EVEN

TO SACRIFICE IS SECOMING APPARENT* IN AMERICA A SERIOUS EXAMPI,.E RELATES

TO THE AolN4r01LE C0kPLExc CALIFORNIA IS ONE OF OUR LEADERO IN MOVINC US

TOWARD 3 THE "CONCRE1E. CULTURE." IN MY STATE WE HAVE TWENTY MILLION PEOPLE

AND SEVENTEEN MILLION CARS, TRUCgSt ANG BUSES! AND AUTOMODILLS ARE INCREAS

ING THREE TIMES rAsicit THAN PEOPLE. IN THE UoSo WE. ARE PAVING OVER ONE

MILLION AuRES OF LP.° PER YEAR ADIGIVN THE OPPORTUNITY, THE TRANSPORTATION

LOBBIES' HI GHAAy ENGINEERS, AND THEIR AFrILIATES WILL BLACKTOP THE NATION!

AT PRESENT RATES OF USE AND DISCOVERY, BY 1985 THE WILL BE USING HALF

or THr OIL. AVAILABLE TO THE ENTIRE WOrLD! YET, THIS IS A GROWING, GLOSAL

PROBLEM ANG ANY MINUTE IN THC 24 HOURS OF LAOH DAY AN AVERAGE OF TWO MILLION

CARS ARE STOPPED WITH THEIR MOTORS IDLING AT A STOPLIGHT. IF YOUR EYES CAN

TAKE ITt YOU CAN OBSERVE THE FUMES IN MOST PLACES, AND CAN'T YOU SMELL THAT

AROMA? IN ANY CASE, WHAT PERCENTAGE OF YOUR SOCIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM IS

DEVOTEE; TO CONSERVATION TOPICS AND ALSO REFLECTS THE NEEDED MARRIAGE BETWEEN

SCIC4CE AND THE SOCIAL STUDIES?

(6) PEACC EDUCATION REMAINS ANOTHCR "MUST" IN OUR EFFORTS. THE GIGANTIC

MILITARY AND ARMS WASTAGE...-60 FREQUENTLY MASKED IN THE NAME OF PEACE AND

SECURITY...IS ANOTHER OF THE LONG TIME FAILURES IN MANKINDtS HISTORY. LET

ALONE THE INEXCUSAPLE VIOLENCE AND MURDERING OF INNOCENTS, THE MONETARY WASTAGE

OF MILITARY Prj:PARATION AND ACTIiN 13 DAv.';I::C FACT, IF WILL FCL UP TO T.

WHEN VIE FRANKLY CONSICER r.HAT MIGHT HAVE BIEN ATTAINED WITH THE REGOuRCES

k%D FUNDG W 6r:UAN)ERLD, viE MV3T DE APPALLED AT OURtiELVES 1 ADMIRE 'MC

16-BEV Off &IMAM

CITIZENS LIRE '"AN DAE:! A40 MY LOCAL SCcitSELLER 0.H0 ARE BRAVE EAOUGH AND

v,ILLINa TO DE INVOLVED TO THE C;t1ENT kNr FORCING THE GOyERNwENT TO ATTA04

THAT PART OF THEIR EARNINGS ON rmICH THEY REFUSE TO PAY TAXES THAT GO FOR

whit puRpOSES. NOTHING SIGNIFICANT WILL REALLY DE ACCCMPLISAED 0 :4 THIE FRONT

UNTIL MILLIONS OF INDIVIDUALS IN SIMILAR WAYS. PROTECT THIS AFFRONTEOY

AGAINST HUMAN DIGNITY AND TEMRIE1LE WASTAGE cr FUNDS. IN MAY CASES IT'IS DIF-

FICOL1 TO ACCURATELY C:SCOVER THE TRUE PERCENTAGE OF A NATIONAL BuDGCT ACTUALLY

DEVOTED TO h :ILITMRY COSTS; BUT FOR MOST COUNTRIES THE IMHALANDE IN ALLOCATIONS

AS AGAINST PEACEFUL USES OF THE PEOPLE'S TAXES IS VERY EVIDENT. RECENTLY 1

WAS APPRAISED or THE GREAT PROGRESS TOWARD ECONOMIC BETTERmrNT BEING MADE IN

A MIDDLE [ASTERN NATION AND ADMITTEDLY THERE HAG SEEN rooNomIc PROGRESS FOR

MANY or THE IMPOVERISHED; HOWEVER, HEN TN: DIVISIONS OF THE NATIONAL BUDGET

WERE MADE APPARENT, REVEALING OVER 75 PER CENT AS MILITARY ORIENTED VERSUS

ABOUT FIVE PER cENT TOWARD EDUCATION, ANY 6U- CALLED PROCRESS WAS FULLY

DIMINISHES IN TERMS OF ACTUALITIES AND POTE=NTIALS. THE IMPLICATIONS FOR

PEACE EDUCATION ARE BROAD AND CLEAR AND ONCE MORE I ASK YOU TO CONSIDER WHAT

YOU ARE ACCOmPLI&HING IN THIS AREA Ih YOUR &OCIAL STUDIES EFFORTS.

(7) INSTINCTIVELY IN RECENT YEARS INDIVIDUALS ARE ASSERTING, IT SEEMS,

THEIR DISENCHANTMENT WITH THE PROBLEMS OF OVER CENTFALIZATION, BUREAUCRACY,

AND LACKS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF OUR SOCIAL

INSTITUTIONS. BECAUSE OF OVER-GROWTH AND THE ACCOMPANYING COMPLEXITY THAT

CHARACTERIZE RELATIONSHIPS IN MANY ELEmENTS OF HUMAN ENDEAVOR, COME SOCIAL

CLOSECRITICS FEEL IT 16 TOO LATE TO DO MUCH ABCUT RESTORING/INTER- RELATIONSHIPS

THAT CHARACTERIZED OUR pAsT. NEVERTHELESS IT SEEMS IMPERATIVE THAT

wHEri OR v,HERE pOSSIDEC viC SqOuLD ENDEAVOR TO HELP INDIVIDeALs, &MALL GRoVPO,

AND LOCAL 0RsANIZATIDNS AND ACENCIES mAK: CHOICES AND TAKE ACTIONS Ov THEIR

Om. AS STATED PREVIOUSLY, SUCH UECI&IONs HAVE TO DE TEwpERED EY A ORGAD

. 17.IASI CO WOW

VALE O' CATA ki0 66CIAL CONCERN; VUT THC AIM IS TO RESTOnE A SENSE OF IMPORT,

CuNFIDENCL, AND EFFICACY ON THE PART 0 INDIVIDUALS AS 10 THEIR OWN LIVES AND

WORK. THIS DOES NOT MEAN TuRNINJ BACK THE CLOCK OR WIPING OUT NECESSARY

MLIROPOLITA'. A:.0 REGIONAL PLANNING AND COOPERATION, IN MANY PLACES JUST NUW

EVOLVING. THE CONCERN IS TO URIDG: THE GROWING GAPS BETwEEN PEOPLE AND PEOPLE

AND EETWEEN PEOPLE ANA THEIR INSTITUTIONS. DISTANT ANU INFLUENTIAL NATIONAL

COMBINES AND INTERNATIONAL CARTELS MAKE A JOKE OF REGULATORY LAWS ANO CONSUMER

PROTECTION; GUT I AM PARTICULARLY ANXIuUS THAT WE START RESOLVING SUCH PROBLEMS

IN OUR "FRONT YARDS." INSTITUTING TELEPHONE REFERENDA AND VOTING ON LOCAL ISSUES,

APPROPRIATELY INVCLVING ALL ELEvriTS OF A LOCAL POPULATION IN CITY, COuNTY, ANO

STATE AFFAIRS, AS 1,',ELL AS RES1RUCTURING CUR VRKING RELATIONSHIPS ARE SUGGESTED

PALLIATIVES. THE LATTER HAS BEEN DRAMATICALLY ImPRJVZO, FOR EXAMPLE, AT THE

VuLVO AUTOm;:BILE FACTORY BY REPLACING THE CONVENTIONAL AOSEmOLY LINE WITH TEAMS

CF wORKERE p;!on:Jc;F:o THEIR "OEN" CAPS. IN Our' TIMES THE OLIERSONALIZED RELA7I04-

&HIPS AND rELLANos or INDIVIDUAL INADEQUACY ARE JIFFICOLT TO COUNTER; BOT WE

SHO.,:LD STI.DY THE_ CH:.ROLS or MEN LIKE: 'ALP' I..)ER AND DISCutIS THE IMPLICATIONS

OF CO:AMON CADGE A740 SIMILAR mOVEmENTS. CERTAINLY AFTER THE REVELATIONS OF

WATERGATE, CAN ANY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHER HAVE QUALMS OVER ELEMENTS IC BE EM-

PHASIZED IN THIS AREA?

(g) As ENCOMPASSING AS IS THE FIELD OF THE SOCIAL STUDIES, IT IS NOT AS

RIC!, OR COMPLETE AS IT NEEDS TO DE IN EX7LAINING THE HJMAN STORY. SOCIAL

EDUCAlION CA': BE EXTENDED AND VITALIZED SY BEING DROUGHT 70 THE FRONTIERS OF

HUMAN EXPERIENCE NCI. ADEQUATELY EXPLAINED BY OUR TRADITIONAL ACADEMIC CATEGORIES.

IN NUmEHOVS 1NOTANCES, POETRY, DRAMA, MUSIC, ART, HOME ECON('MICS, ruLtolcus

ULEmENTG, AND OTHERS MAY P.CLuDE EL:S(2471AL ASPEC)S FC R ATTAINING A FULL UNDER-

STANDING Or THE pHENOmENA IN A SOCIAL EXPERIENCE. JUST AS T,IE

GOSIAL STUDIES CuRRICuLum SHOULD NOT LE PLANNED IN ISOLATION FRCM

s.16

BM COPY AVAILABLE

THE TOTAL SCHOCL PROGRAS: LACH OF US NECW5 TC USE THC INSIGHTS AND AVErUES

FROM T.ICSF 01:-.t; DISCIPLINARY ARLAD TO YAKK 'BUR (AN LESSONS TRULY REAL AND

AS CCMPLCIE AS 00SGISLE FOR CUR PUPIL*. ARE YOU ACCORQING THESE VEHICLES

THEIR 6,P0F.00RIATE PLACES I': YOUR SOCIAL 6TUDIES PROCRAM2

(9) CLUOLY THE FUTURE HAC TO BC AN IDENTIFICD ORDER CF STUDY. PROB..

ABLY Y.-tE BULK OF' CUR CFrORTC CHOULD INVCLVC THE "WHAT IF" LOOK AHEAD IN TIME.

THERE. IS N. IZULSTIUN THAT PREDICTING AND PLANNING AHEAD BECOME& MORE DIFFICULT

EACH DECADE; E,UT THIS IS ALL ThC MORE REASON TO GIVE ATTENTION TD THE NEEDS

INVOLVLD. CASE STUDILS,. SIMU'ATIONS, COMPUTERIZED GAMES, ROLE.*PLAYING, AND

THE DEVELO:'MF.'41 OF OPTIONAL SCENARIOS SHOLILD 14 REGULAR EXPERIENCES IN THE

SOCIAL STUDIES CLASW:o0m. OS-SERVING UIFFERE4T MODELS OF SOME ELEMENT OF THE

FUTURE, SARpU:I%C ANALYTICAL SkILLE., EERIOUSLY CONSIDERING THE POSSIBLE

REGOLTG OF ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS, AND kEVIEwING THE IM,4LICATIONS FOR,ONEIS

SELF AND VARIOUS SUB-GROUPS IN A SOCIETY SHOULD DE REGULAR FEATURES OF FUTURE

STUDI CS. 1 AM NOT ADVOCATING SLPARAIE COUhLES ON FUTURISM BUT RATHER SUGGEST

.THAT THIS ORIENTATIw! BE A REGULAR FEATuRE OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES THROUGHOUT

THE CURRICJLUY.0 HOd I.UCH TIME ARC YOU GIVING TO REVICwING THE WAYS TO4ARD

THE BEST POSSIBLe TOMORROW IN YOUR SOCIAL STUDIES?

(10) FINALLY, OUR CURRICULUM MUGT BECOME GLOBALLY ORIENTED. MOST or THE

pREvfOuS AREAL OF EMPHASIS SUGGESTED FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES HAVE IMPORTANT

INTCRATIOAL ASPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS. NOW THAT WE HAVE LEEN PRESENTE0 BY

THE ASTRONAUTS WITH AN ACTUAL-VISUAL REGISTER OF SPACESHIP EARTH, IT MAY HELP

MANY PEOPLE BETTER GRASP THE INTCRCON%ECTIONS PERMEATING LO MANY ASPECTS OF

LIFE THROUGHOUT THE. WORLD. GLOBALLY-INITIATED INDIVIDUALS WITH THE INSIGHTS

THi.T riq0/. FAmILIARITY v,ITH OTHER CULTURES :!AY FINALLY HELP MAKE art:L. ON

A CREATCR SCALE THE AnE-OLD CONCEPT OF umAN SPoTHE HOOD AND SIGTEHOOC.

60T TODAY 1HFRE MUuT ALso SE A moRE MuNDN4E REGOGNITIO Or THE IACT ThAT

19

THE DCLIP.IES OF ALL OF CS AkE LINKED CHUSIALLY &ND THAT REGIONAL AND

NATIONAL C:IiRDINATIO% MAY VE OUR ONLY VIAY OF RESOLVING NUMEROUS NATIONAL

Pkoaum!..1 AGAIN mese NEEDU ;v LL NOT DE CT BY A SINGLE WORLD REGIONS

COUP:SE OR BY AN IMPOSSIDLE YLAR1L COVR:iC IN WORLU HISTJRY. ONLY A GLOVAL

APPROACH ,ITH CONTIJINO EMPHASES THROUGJUT THE YEARS OF THC SCHOOL PR3aRAM

VALE EA.EFICE. HIM, TOO, DO YOU HAVE TO RCTHINK AND REUALANGE YOUR SOCIAL

STUDIES oEFERINC,S?

1 TRUST 1 HAvE Ni O OUTLINED A COMPLETELY OVER'AHLLMING CHALLENGE; CUT

GLEAFLY V.W::THING .:ILL HAVE TO G3 AS MOJT OF aNAT 1 HAVE IDENTIFIED AS ESSEN-.

TIALC ARL ONLY ELEmENTS ON THE PERIPHIRY or THE PRI:,ENT SOCIAL STUDIES. WC

t :L!D CHASP THIS NEW C3NTINT AND movr IT GENTER.,STAGE0 BASIC CURRICULUM

DUIDEs, 1EXTS DAGIG COURss, AND 3AC1C TIME MUST BL: SO DEVOTED°

A V.uK3 OF CAUTION° Ti,EkL 10 RCM.. CA': c.4 IMPLIED IN THE EVOLUTION /ND

TPF 1-17AnACHE CURRICULUM, THIS IS THE CONTINUAL REINFOR0CMCNT

OF A NCUATIVC PFL:ilmISTIO OUTLOOK. CI:CH AN APPROACH TO TH,:: TRACE-)1ES or

Ot):1 EGA CA': 1NFCC7 CUR :)UP1L:,° IT :Ca SO CASY IU DC MOODY :.%1)

DECPAIRII.Ce I OELILVE IT QUITE ImponTANI THAT WE AFPROAOH THESE raosLEm

ARE-J.; FRCM A POSITION THAT IC POSMVE; TO AN EXTENT THE 17.D 1,5 STILL OPENt

SWE OPTIONS I:MUT, ANC THE YAY3 IN wHIUH viE ACT CAN t.AKC A UIFFERCNCE.

WC TEACHERS AL:i0 NEED TO HAVE OM= OF OUR OPTIMiaA FE:STORED IN THIS

SITUATIO% AND, 1 :: SPITE OF /10:! THAT HAS L:C1 CLAIMED RECENTLY, 1 THINK WC

SHOULD Arriilm THE CASIO piirmicc OF COUCATI04, THAT t.GHOOLS AND TEACHERS 00

MAI.:E A OICVERENCL; NOT AS VENDORS OF PLATITUDES AND THL INCONSEQUENTIAL,

BUT AS CTALYST.I. ti.0 JOINT-0.:PLORi:RL wHO/FNA0LE SOOIrTV TO aRING UP ITS

YOUN,:. A5 EUNOTIONIC H'.P.1,'NL or EXCELLE11 .:0 CAN JOIN HANDS, CVERG':;!IE THE

00uE.TS or COI? FIA, AND SPIPC THEIR (),4 HEL:'1;:G A5uURC A v.0;;;H

Y:AIEE f.T:R..

7. 3CC 1%-41: PROP0t7ALS FOR A m3DEL CURRIC...,Eu.4 IN THIS AF EA or THC MANtUEmINT

INSTITUTE FOR AT 10::AL DE.VilLCaV NT, CLCAL DEVELCP.173iT OTUIE3, Tic

INSTITUTE, NEW YORK, 1973, 71 PP.