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DOCUMENT RESUME

ED.379 510 CE 068 348

AUTHOR Scholl, JanTITLE 4-H Textile Science Textile Arts Projects.INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Univ., Univeriity Park.

Cooperative Extension Service.PUB DATE 94NOTE 24p.; For related documents, see CE 068 343-347.PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For

Learner) (051)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Clothing; Clothing Design; *Clothing Instruction;

*Design Crafts; Elementary Secondary Education;Extracurricular Activities; Home Economics; *HomeManagement; *Learning Activities; *StudentOrganizations; Student Projects; *TextilesInstruction

IDENTIFIERS *4 H Programs; Crocheting; Knitting; Weaving

ABSTRACTThis packet contains three 4-H textile arts projects

for students in the textile sciences area. The projects coverweaving, knitting, and crocheting. Each project provides an overviewof what the student will learn, what materials are needed, andsuggested projects for the area. Projects can be adapted forbeginning, intermediate, or advanced levels of skills. A step-by-stepplan for doing the project, with instruction sheets and line drawingsis included. Also included are a project record, ideas for sharingthe project with others, and suggestions for additional projects.(KC)

***********************************************************************

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made* from the original document.***********************************************************************

4-H Textile Science Textile Arts Projects

U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOfj Ice of Educational Research and Improvemont

E r.1 CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

This document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating it.

Minor changes have been made toimprove reproduction quality.

Points of view or opinions stated in thisdocument do not necessarily representofficial OERI position or policy.

2

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

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In. tearu:project, youHow fabrics are madeWhat is meant

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44-1-1 Textile Science

Textile Arts Project

hances are you already know something aboutweaving. Maybe you've woven strips of construc-

tion paper together in art class or helped a family...member weave a pie crust lattice. Maybe someone:gave you a simple loom as a gift once. Well, fabrics are

made the very same wayby rhoving yarns over andunder each other to hold them in place.

the fabric c "grain" of 1417:4;. Tr,

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How to weave in two or moreWays

How to use weaving toolsHow to make and use a loom

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011 a loom of some type

A woven piece of cloth or

project

/Aced:Materialsto make one of the looms

Fabricyarns to use on a loom

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tapes,and trims

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How FabricsAre 'MadeFo make fabric,h fiber isfirst produced or made,then several fibers arctwisted or plied togetherto form yarns. These yarnsare woven, knitted, ormatted (like felt) together.Then a finish is added.

Mount a sample ofwoven, knitted, andmatted fabrics here:

WOVEN

KNITTED

MATTED

examine these fabrics, you'llneed a magniting glass. Look at ""

oiec aNlY Ct°1'1. a. %Ieach one. What do you see? r woup Pr vest 0201vcavi-ls b .111 the %Pull some yarns from scraps of vlat-i.g,N

ee V1-111 vaotkc °thbric and untwist them to find

Hoseot cxy, can 'N° ,mitt

Nor rryles). Ickessfyace- bosh

r kt°"'the smallest part, called a fiber.Look at the fiber under themagnifying glass. Fibers are verylong compared to their width.Some are curly, while others arefuzzy, straight, or scaly.

Place the magnifying glass overyour fabric and look again. Lookat the weave. How are the Yarnswoven together? Have yourleader point out the various typesof grain. Lengthwise, crosswise,and true bias.

Move the magnifying glassthe selvage. The yarns lyinglengthwise are called warp orwoof yarns. The yarns lyingcrosswise are called weft or tillingyarns. Sometimes the yarns in thewarp and the weft arc made fromdifferent fibers.

Examine a pair of jeans and awashcloth or towel. Look at bothsides of a satin fabric. How arethey different from your fabrics?

Look again at the lengthwiseand crosswise yarns of the fabric.These yarns make the grainline ofthe fabric and must he straight.Some fabrics are not printed onthe grain. 1)o not buy thesefabrics because it will be verydifficult to get the print to drapeand not appear crooked. Theyusually can't be straightened.

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Materials forWeavingWeaving can be done on yourfingers, on paper plates, and onother common items besidesregular looms. You can weavewith grasses, leaves, paper, string,pie crust, cooked spaghetti, yarn,recycled fabrics, and even plasticbags! You can make a humanloom, too. (See next page.)

Think about reusing or recy-cling materials for yarns or foryour loom. For instance, youcould cut strips from old T-shirts.A mesh sack that holds potatoesor onions makes a good base forweaving. So does burlap. You canpull out some of the yarns andreplace them with other types ofyarns.

Use a bodkin or a large needleand thread fibers, ribbons, andyarns as your tilling. If you'remaking a wall hanging, you maywant to incorporate twigs, oldspoons, or other materials.

Start by doing simple construc-tion paper weaving. You may alsohave a loop loom that you re-ceived long ago as a gift. Get itout and experiment!

loft

44 BEST COPY AVAILABLE

How a Loom WorksBoredom has always forcedpeople to find new ways to speedthe weaving plums and to makethe woven product more beauti-ful! A heddle is a time saver. Theheddle opens an area called theshed, making it easier to go overand under the yarns all at thesame time. The yarns are carriedby what is known as the shuttleand pushed together by thebeater. The heddle brings upboth sheds alternately up anddown.

Many looms can be fitted withsheds. A popsicle stick loom isone such loom.

rPopsicle StickLoomWhat you will need:Tape or band six popsiclesticks together and drill asmall hole in the c'mter. Lineup the sticks so there is 1/8inch of space between eachstick and the holes all line up.Glue the sticks to two otherpopsicle sticks, one at the topand the other at the bottom.Let dry. A power stapler maybe used to secure the sticks.

Cut 11 lengths of yarn(twice the size of the project).Thread six lengths throughthe holes and five through thespaces. Make ends even andtie into a large knot at eachend.

Tie one end to a sturdyobject and the other end tothe waist with a belt or a pieceof extra yarn.

Make a popsicle stickshuttle by cutting a "V" ineach end of the stick andsanding smooth. (You canalso use a tongue depressor.)Wrap the yarn around fromthe inside of one "V" to thenext several times.

When the heddle is raised orlowered, the yarn will moveup and down, creating a spacein between (called the shed).Alternate the shed by raisingand lowering the popsicleheddle loom and sliding theshuttle yarn through in alter-nate directions. To finish,untie the original knots andretie them at the edges of theweaving. Trim leftover yarn tocreate a fringe.Note: When you start, you'llwant to tie some of the yarn inback so you don't have toreach so far to use the shuttle.Also try weaving both tightlyand loosely to create interest-ing patterns in your weaving.

rHuman LoomFun for you and your friends!If you don't have the exactmaterials, improvise withwhat you do have.

What you need:100 feet of polypropylenerope (yellow)

100 feet of hemp rope(natural brown) cut intoseven equal lengths (about14 feet each)

15 participants

What to do:Line up 14 participants intwo rows of seven, thenturn to face one another,forming seven pairs.

Each pair is given onelength of brown rope(loom warp)

Another participant is givenone end of the yellow rope(loom wcft)

Number each pair 1, 2, 1,2, 1, 2, 1

The #1 pairs kneel, whilethe #2 pairs remain stand-ing.

The participant with tileyellow rope walks over the#2 warps and under the #1warps.

Continue until most of thewarp space is used. Theweft person may have tocrawl through the last fewpasses.

When finished, push thewarp and weft close to-gether to see the plainweave pattern.

Human loom activity developed byCharlotte W. Coffman, Cornell University.

J LBEST coil AVAILABLE

What I learned in this project (new skills, new words)

What I shared with others (presentations, helping other members, community service)TOPIC OR SKILL. DATE NUMBER IN AUDIENCE

Project storyUse this space to write about your project. What did you do? What didyou enjoy doing most? Least? Tell about the type of loom you used ormade and the materials you selected. Include a picture or draw a sketchof your final project.

Tell about any weaving books you read, the resource people whohelped you, and the activities at your group meetings.

r

weaving Project Record 4-H Textile Science

Name

Address

Age as of January 1

Club

Number of years in this project

Number of years in Textile Science projects

Leader's signature

What I made for my projectITEM FIBER CONTENT

Textile Arts ProjectL .J

COST

Tctal number of garments or articles made this year

People who helped me and resources I used for this project

HOURS TO MAKE

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Sharing atYou've LearnedDemonstrate:

How to make a simple loomParts of a loomHow to weave

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5ELVAGE

Different types of weavesFabric grainFabrics printed off-grainWeaving projects and ideas

Want to KnowMore?There are dozens of excellentbooks on weaving for childrenand adults. Look for them atyour local library. In Pennsyl-vania, new 4-H resourcematerials for the Textile Sci-ence projects arc put onPENpages. Ask aboutPENpages at your countyextension office.

Exhibits andFashion RevueThis project was not designedto be modeled in a fashionrevue unless you make agarment and have followedother fashion revue rules andregulations. Check bothfashion revue and fair orroundup premium listings toknow what can be entered atthe county, regional, and statelevels. Every piece of yourwork should have a hand-stitched label printed withyour name, age, and county,in addition to your entry tag.

Taking the ProjectAgainYou may want to take thisproject for more than one .'ear.Make or use a different loomto help you develop new skills.You may also want to set up anexhibit of your woven projectsat a local library or communitycenter.

Name 64 ri,v-e.

Age 16

4-H club gods ad ties

County ,Sr tee, /

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Prepared by Ian Scholl, associate professor of agricultural and extension education.

Issued in furtherance of Coop:rant e Extension Work, Acts of Congress May 8 and June 30,1914, in CI mperation with the S Department of Agriculture andthe Pennsylvania Legislature. 1..1'. Hood, Director of C(xiperative Extension, The Pennsylvania State University.

This publication is available in alternative media on request.

The Pennsylvania State University is committed to the polcy that all persons shall have equal assess to programs, facilities, admissum, and employment %sallowregard to per Alm' characteristics not related to ability, pertbrmance, or qualifications as determined by University polies or Iv, state or federal multi-wines ThePennsylvania State University dots not discriminate against any person because of age, ancestrs, whir, disability or handicap, tutu mai Net Icliluous . Iced.sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status. Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmative A. tuns DII c, toi. PCIIIM is ant,( StateUniversity, 201 Willard Building, University Park, PA 16802-2801., tel. (814) 863-0471; TDD (8141865 3175.

0 The Pennsylvania State I ms ersity 1994. R5M 1 19 honun

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oes the word "knitting"make you think of

Grandma sitting in a rockingchair? Perhaps you can picture acozy slipper or a colorful sock inher lap and a kitten playing witha ball of yarn at her feet

Knitting is clap\ ed by menand women, boys and girlsSome form of it can be found inevery country of the world!

Knitting is creative and fun. Itis easy to learn, and you can useit to produce warm clothing andother useful items Don't worryif you make mistakes at firstYou will' Making mistakes ispart of learning. just keeppracticing

PEN N STATE

4-H Textile Science

Beginner,Intermediate, andAdvanced Projects

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1 to 01.1t, purl; cast on, and bind off

1 stitches canif you're left hglded.

your leader can help you learn and

locate resourcesto fund the way that

best for you.

1

What You'll NeedKnitting needles of correct size

Good-quality yarn

Small scissors

Six-inch ruler or gauge or "knitcheck"

Tapestry needle or bodkin

Crochet hook (to correctmistakessize G or 6 for 4-plyyarn)

Point protectors (to protectneedles and prevent droppedstitches)

Emery board or nail file (tokeep rough fingernails fromsnagging yarn)

Container to hold equipmentand knitting

To Complete YourProject1. Select your skill level with your

leader's help.

2. Complete at least half thegoals listed in your level.

3. Knit one or more articles orgarments that will help youcomplete 'our goals.

4. Give a presentation at a clubmeeting.

5. Exhibit a knitted garment orarticle.

6. Complete your 4-H record.

Here is what you'll learn!

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iieginuerSkills

1. Learn to cast on and bind offstitches.

2. Create a garter stitch pattern withknit stitches.

3. Create a garter stitch pattern withpurl stitches.

4. Create a stockinette(stocking).

5. Make a ribbing.

6. Increase and decrease stitches.

7. Check and adjust gauge.

8. Create colorful stripes.

Intermediate

9. Make a pompom and a tassel.

10. Fold a sweater and store knitteditems.

11. Practice cleanliness skills.

12. Read dye lot numbers and otherlabel information.

13. Wind a ball of yarn.

GoalsKnit two of the following articles:

Slippers

Headband

Turtleneck dickey

Leg warmers

Bell pin

Scarf --41A "Z-'1-trOZZ:r-Ztr.,-404Simple hat ,r

Simple shell

Simple toy

Pillow

Skills. . .

1. Read directions.

2. Create two or three special stitchpatterns (such as moss, cable,diamond, block, or popcornstitch).

3. Work with circular needles,jumper, and/or double pointedneedles.

4. Learn at least one method ofjoining seams.

Advanced

5. Make a buttonhole.

6. Use markers and stitch holders.

7. Pick up stitches.

8. Solve common knitting problems(such as skipped stitches, holes,and twisted stitches). Rip out asection of knitting and replaceknitting on needles.

9. Hand wash and block a knittedarticle.

10. Visit a dry cleaner. Find outabout available services andcommon cleaning problems.

11. Recognize the woolmark andother laundry symbols.

12. Wind yarn into a ball.

GoalsKnit one or more of the followingarticles:

Mittens

Headhugger or neck warmer

Socks

Stuffed animal

Cardigan sweater

Sweater (two colors, with orwithout buttonholes)

Accessory (hat, etc.)

Afghan

Toy

Wall hanging

Baby clothes

Vest

Skills1. Learn two or three additional

creative stitches.

2. Use a contrasting stitch to make aconventional design (animal,landscape, etc.).

3. Combine a knitted and wovenfabric in a garment.

4. Combine knit with other needle-work (such as embroidery).

5. Mend a knitted garment.

6. Reclaim yarn or remake a knittedgarment.

7. Use a knitting machine.

8. Create a knitted garment fromstart to finish: shearing, carding,spinning, dyeing, and knitting.

9. Share your knitting skills withanother person.

11

GoalsArticle or garment using multiplecolors and/or stitches

Article or garment wing acontrasting stitch

Article or garment combining knitand woven fabric

Article or garment combiningother needlework or beadwork

Article or garment made on aknitting machine

Article or garment from start tofinish (Goal 8)

Notebook of samples andpictures for sharing skills

Remade knitted garment

AbbreviationsAbbreviations are letters orsymbols that make readingdirections simpler. For example,"knit one, purl one" is oftenabbreviated "Kl, P1."

Sometimes an asterisk (*) orbrackets ([ 1) arc used to let youknow to do something in a series.For example, directions that say(K1, P2) four times mean thatyou need to do the knit 1 andpurl 2 stitches four times. Anasterisk means to go back to thepart of the directions that arestarred and repeat as the direc-tions say.

Here are some other commonknitting abbreviations. Ask yourleader to show you what theymean. Practice reading directionsand refer to this list.

Sonietirnesit's easier

to

tollov4a grapre

patternvitten

rking 'Witt/WotINO or

mote

colors.

rbegbeginningCCcontrasting colordec(s)clecrcase(s)dpdouble pointed

needles

grgramsin(s)inch(es)inc(s)increase(s)kknitMCmain coloroz(s)ouncespatpatternpssopass slip stitch

over

ppurlreprepeatreds round(s)SKPslip 1 stitch, knit

1, stitch, purl 1 stitchskskipsi stslip stitchsi slipst(s)stitchestogtogetheryoyarn over

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Rep 12 stsEnd st

12

Choosing YarnYarns differ from one another inmany ways. They have varioustwists, sizes, and textures. Theymay be made of one fiber (suchas wool or acrylic) or may he ablend of two Or more fibers. Thetype recommended in the direc-tions will best suit the item youplan to make.

Yarn can't always be matched.Buy all the yarn you need at onetime. Che(.k the dye lot numbersto see that all the yarn is the samecolor.

Find the following informationon the yarn label:

Manufacturer's name andaddressType of yarn (hand knitting,rug, baby, etc.)Fiber content (wool, acrylic,nylon, etc.)Word "virgin" or "reprocessed"Number of plies (strands in theyarn)Amount of yarn (by weight)Color name and numberDye lot numberCare instructions

Reclaiming YarnVirgin yarn means the yarn isnew. You may want to "reclaim"yarn by unraveling it from an oldsweater or other article that can

no longer be used.Cut one stitch onthe edge of thegarment. Pull the0. Pink yarn gently andwind on a back of a

Red chair to preventtangles. Tie theskein in four places.Dip it into \varmsoapy water. Rinsewell in warm waterand hang to drywhere the air willcirculate through itAfter earn is dry,rewind into a ball.

= Blue

= Purple

= Black

= White

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

The Stretch TestChoose quality yarns. Try thestretch test! Pull 10 inches ofyarn, gently. It should reach from1 1/2 to 3 inches. Release it andit should return back to close tothe same length.

NeedlesIf you are starting out, selectstraight knitting needles in thesize recommended for yourpattern. Choose plastic, wooden,or aluminum needles in a color(Efferent from your yarn so that .

you can see your stitches.As you advance, you will use

circular and double-pointedneedles. You may also want to trystraight needles made fromwood, bamboo, or steel.

Checking the GaugeWith the yarn and needles youplan to use for your project, caston 25 stitches. Work for 3 inches,using the stitch given in thepattern. Bind off the stitches andblock. Count the number ofstitches per inch.

If your gauge has more stitchesper inch than given in the direc-tions, try the next larger size ofneedle. Make a new gauge. Ifyour stitch gauge is less, try thenext smaller needle. Make a newgauge. Gauge is important to thesize and fit of the finished product!

Correcting MistakesEveryone makes mistakes. The trick is to see them and correctthem early. Common mistakes arc dropped stitches, holes, andtwisted or split stitches. Your leader or a reference sheet canhelp you make corrections. A crochet hook is a useful tool tomake corrections.

DROPPED STITCH

TWIST SD STITCH

Sedum FinishesThere are many types of seam finishes. Some common ones atewoven, backstitched, and crocheted seams. You may chooseone or more seam finishes. For example, in a sweater, thebackstitched seam might be used in the raglan area and awoven or crocheted seam used in the side and sleeve seams.

CROCHETED SEAM

13

BACKSTITCHED SEAM

WOVEN SEAM

vv etta oto

fold Sv4ater

Spread sweater out. front down.

Fold back each side.

Fold the arms down.

Fold up the bottom.

Cleaning, Mendino,and StoringFollow the laundry and careinstructions found on mostYarn labels.

Hand Washing1. Draw an outline of the gar-

ment or article on an old sheetor heavy paper first so you canblock the garment later.

2. In lukewarm water and milddetergent, saturate the gar-ment. Work solution throughgarment. Soak for 2 minutes.Work solution through again,being careful not to twist orwring.

3. Fill another basin or washtubwith cool water. Press waterthrough garment, releasingsuds. You may have to useseveral basins of water to dothis. Again, be careful not towring or twist the garment.

4. Lay the article flat betweentwo towels and pat dry or rollup the towels. Lay downseveral dry, flat towels withoutline of shape on top. Pat tothe proper shape and air dryaway from direct heat. If fabricis resilient, you can use rust-proof pins to attach the gar-ment to the sheet or paper.

Mending and PatchingA tear or worn spot in a knittedgarment can be mended with aduplicate stitch or by grafting anew piece of yarn in place.Patches can be knit and wovenover a hole using a kitchernefstitch or duplicate stitch. Pullsnags to the wrong side of thegarment with a small crochethook or a special mending tool.Never cut snags, because a holewill result when the yarn endswork loose.

StorageKnitted garments should befolded for storage. Hangingcauses them to pull out of shape.After wearing, air before foldingand store in a drawer. Plastic .

containers can hold moisture thatmay damage the yarn or causemold to develop. Clean thegarments before long-term orseasonal storage. This will preventinsect damage and set-in stains.

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14

Instructions for Several Beginner ProjectsTo finish:Thread yarn end into the bodkinor needle and do a running stitchthrough every other stitch alongthe top, pulling up tightly. Fastenoff by doing three stitches in thesame spot. Use the same yarn tosew up side seam of bell, using acrochet or back stitch. Weave inyarn ends along scam.

BellMake bells for the Christmas treeor to decorate wedding, shower,or baby gifts.

Skills:Casting on

Casting off

Knit stitch

Purl stitch

Sewing up a seam

Materials:One ball (50-gram) Sayclle yarn(makes 7 to 8 bells)

One pair size 4 needles

Other: bodkin or tapestryneedle

1 small jingle bell

I4-inch narrow ribbon

Approximate time to make:1 1/2 hours

Directions:Cast on 14 stitches, leaving a fl-inch tail of yarn.

Row 1: Knit 10, purl 4

Row 2: Knit 14

Repeat rows 1 and 2 until youhave done 36 rows (count 18ridges). End with a knit 14 row.

Cast off.Leave an end of yarn 12 incheslong.

To attach metal jingle bell:Cut a piece of narrow ribbon oryarn 14 inches long. Thread thejingle bell onto it, positioningbell in the center of the ribbon.Poke ribbon ends through tophole of yarn bell (you may haveto thread them into a large-eyedneedle to do this). Pull ribbonends up through hole until jinglebell just shows below bottom ofyam bell. Tic ribbon ends in abow on top of the yarn bell.

To attach hanging loop (for use asa Christmas decoration):Cut a piece of yarn 10 incheslong. Thread it into a needle. Oninside of bell, weave yarn intoseam for about 1 inch at the topof the bell, anchor with two orthree stitches just under the hole,and poke needle out top hole ofyarn bell then back in again,leaving a 3-inch loop. Anchoragain just under hole and weaveremaining end into seam. Trim.

15

NeckwarmerA ribbed band to wear like aturtleneck scarf.

Skills:Casting on

Casting ofKnit stitch

Purl stitch

Joining yarn

Weaving in ends

Materials:Two balls (50 grams each)

Shetland chunky yarn

One #6 circular needle, 24inches long

Bodkin

Circular needle

Approximate time to make:4 hours

Directions:Cast on 80 stitches.

PRow 1: r to end of row(ribbing)

Row 2: Same as row 1.

Repeat until neck warmermeasures about 10 inches ordesired length.

Cast off:Leave a 20" length of yarn tostitch seam.

Weave in yarn ends and trim.

Project goals I completed this year

Care I gave to my knit articles

Number of articles washed

Number of articles repaired

What I shared with others (presentations, helping other members, commmunityservice projects)

TOPIC OR SKILL DATE NUMBER IN AUDIENCE

My presentation title was

Project storyUse this space to write about your project. What did you do? Whatdid you enjoy doing most? Least? Tell about the materials youselected. Include a picture or draw a sketch of your final project.

Tell about any knitting books you read, the resource people whohelped you, and the activities at your club meeting.

r. r0 Man. I

16

Kaki* Grimm Project RecordName

Address

Age as of January 1

Club

Project level (beginner, etc.)


Leader's signature

What I made for my project and what it cost

4-H Textile Science


.1

ART'CLE OR GARMENT COST


ESTIMATED VALUE

17°

Sharing atYou've LearnedDemonstrate one or more ofthe skills listed in this projectfor your skill level.

Resources andReferencesAsk your leader about re-sources and references for thisproject. Many are available onPENpages, at your countyextension office. Don't fbrgetto look through craft andknitting magazines at libraries,bookstores, and departmentstores. The magazines arepacked with ideas and skills tohelp you.

Exhibits andFashion RevueCheck current roundup or fairpremium listings to learnwhat you can enter as anexhibit. Each item shouldhave a label printed with yourname, age, club, and county.You may model knittedgarments and accessories atthe fashion revue. Checkcounty, regional, and stateguidelines before entering.

Taking the ProjectAgainYou can take a project overagain by choosing, new goalsand practicing the skills you'vealready learned. Complete mostgoals before moving to thenext level.

Name /retVim/-e

Age 76

4-H club (Cocks aa<rties

County ,S74./aet, / /

Prepared by Jan Scholl, associate professor of agricultural and extension education.

Issued in furtherance 4e:imperative Extension Work, Asts ol"Congress Mae 8 and June 30, 1914. m coitperalion ssith the I. ti Department or Agriculture and

the Pennsylvania Legislature. LE. flood, Director of Cooperative Extension, The Pennsylvania State Universits


The Pennsylvania State Unit ersity is committed Ito the' policy that all sous shall have equal access to potgiams, haloes, dmission, and mph Amen' ssuh,nn

regard to personal characteristics not related to ability, peran mance, or quahlicatit tits as determined by University policy or Its state of lederal authorizes '1 he

Pennsylvania State University does not discriminate against any person bet. alISC of ageIncestty, color, disabilitx of handkap, national ingm, race. idigknis xlccd.

sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination pt,licv to the Allit unto c \soon Dm son Ilk. 1 'c1111,% Isms State

University, 201 Willard Building, linnet-sits' Park, PA 16802 2801, tel (8141 863 0471, 11)1) (814) 865 31-5

0'I he Pennsylvania State Unnersitv 1994 1.81!= MELMIAMIL._ IBM INSIILIEBLIIIMI.

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Are you ready to crochet?This project is designed for beginning,intermediate, and ad\ anced members Todecide \\ here vou should start, read thelists of goals on the next page Thencomplete most of the goals in a list betbregoing on to the next le%el Of course, it'sOK to take the pi ojcct more than oncejust select lin\ goals'

Study fan- or toundup premium listingsto decide what to exhibit The listing:, areupdated (nen year It's also a good idea tomake SC\ eral items to strengthen your skillsbefore beginning your exhibit

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Now here's what you'll do!

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4-H Textile Science


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College ofAgncultutal SciencesCooperative Extension

BeginnerSkills

1. Select yarn or thread

2. Select crochet hooks

3. Read abbreviations

4. Check and adjust gauge

5. Make a chain

6. Make a slip stitch

7. Single crochet

8. Double crochet

9. Make rounds of single crochet

10. Use a beginner's book oncrocheting

11. Wind a ball of yarn

Goals1. Make two of the following

articles:

Potholder

Bean bag

Coin purse

Belt

Scarf

Pillow

Purse or clutch

Headband

Hats

Mittens

2. Keep a record of how much materialscost.

3. Care for your crocheted garments orarticles.

4. Keep work clean and organized.

5. Give a demonstration or talk at a groupmeeting.

6. Exhibit two articles at roundup or fair.

7. Complete the project record.

IntermediateSkills1. Make a half-double crochet

2. Make a treble crochet

3. Increase stitches

4. Decrease stitches

5. Make a square motif

6. Assemble motifs

Goals1. Crochet one or more of the

following articles:

Vest Pillow

Bell Toy

Purse Afghan

Placemat Tie

Wallhanging Mittens

Poncho Tablecloth

Shawl Baby blanket

Scarf Christmas

Rug ornament

2. Experiment by crocheting with fabric aswell as yarn.


4. Care for your crocheted garments orarticles.


6. Give a presentation or lead a discussionat a group meeting.

7. Exhibit two small articles or one largearticle at roundup or fair.


AdvancedSkills1. Make at least four of the

following stitches: shells, cluster,popcorn, puff, afghan, filet, arch,knot, loop, and bullion.

2. Make an article or garment thatcontains two or more colors.

3. Experiment with hook sizes andyarn types.

Goals1. Crochet one or more of the

following articles:

Sweater

V3st

Coat

Dress

Afghan

Gloves

Tie

Pillow

Socks

Toy

Tablecloth orrunner

Bedspread

Hat

Scarf

Poncho

Baby blanket

Rug

20



4. Give a presentation or lead a discus-sion at a group meeting.

5. Exhibit an article or garment made withone or more pattern stitches.


Helpful HintsRug yarn is best used for rugs anditems Nil 11( )1 plate mats.Lighter k eight yarn is suitable forbedspreads, placemats, hats, bags,tablecloths, doilies, edgings, andaccessories. Its important tothink about the fiber content ofthe yarn, too. Wool yarn provideswarmth and is flame retardant,but it is usually not machinewashable.

Yarns cannot always be color-matched. Plan to buy at one timeall the yarn you're going to need.Check the dye -lot numbers tomake sure all skeins are the same.Crochet thread sizes vary from a5 (heaviest) to a 30 (finest);

Crochet hooks are made ofsteel, nylon, plastic, or wood.Sizes range from 00 to 15.United Kingdom (U.K.) sizes arealso written on the package.These sizes range from A to K.For good results, use the hooksize given in the directions andcheck your gauge. Crochet hooksmay be single- or double-ended.

Tension is controlled by theway you hold the thread as itpasses through your fingers. Withpractice you'll learn to relax, andthe flow of thread or yarn willbecome even. Even tensionmeans even work. Try to makeyour loops and stitches just looseenough for the hook to gothrough easily.

"Blocking" means to press orsteam material into shape; it isnecessary in working with wool.Block all parts of any crochetedgarment befbre sewing together.Doilies and fine work must alsobe blocked.

;111117 C refers to the number ofstitches per inch and rows perinch. When making an article of acertain size, you must be sure themeasurements are exactly right.This means the gauge must beconsistent with that given in thedirections. Make a sample todetermine if your gauge agreeswith the one given in the instructions. If you need fewer stitches,try a larger hook. If you needmore .Aitches, try a smaller hook.

Good crocheting instructionsshould contain an explanation ofabbreviations. Study the abbrevia-tions below to help you followdirections quickly and easily.

r

L

st, stsstitch, stitcheschchain stitchse single crochetdedouble crochetend roundsi st slip stitchdecdecreaseincincrease

An asterisk (*) means to repeatthe instructions as many times asspecified. Parentheses () arcsometimes used instead of anasterisk to mean the same thing.

Crochet Hook Sizes

00 0 1 2 3 4 5

111H11116 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

10 13 14 15

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

Care I gave to my crocheted articles

Number of articles washed

Number of articles repaired

What I shared with others (presentations, helping other members, community service)TOPIC OR SKILL DATE NUMBER IN AUDIENCE

Project storyUse this space to write about your project. What did you do? What did you enjoy doing most? Least? Tell aboutthe materials you selected. Include a picture or make a sketch of your final project.

Tell about any crochet books or magazines you read, people who helped you, and activities you completed atyour meetings. r 1

J

Crochetivig, Project Record

Name

Address

Age as of January 1

Club

Project level (beginner, etc.)


Leader's signature

What I made for my project and what it costARTICLE OR GARMENT

r4-H Textile Science

Beginner, .

Intermediate, andAdvanced Projects

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Sharing WhatYou've LearnedDemonstrate one or more ofthe skills listed in this projectfor your skill level.

Resources andReferences forYour ProjectAsk your leader about re-sources and references tbr thisproject. Many are available onPENpages, at your countyextension office. Don't forgetto look through craft andcrochet magazines at libraries,bookstores, and departmentstores. The magazines arcpacked with ideas and skills tohelp you.

Fashionand

Fashion RevueCheck current roundup or fairpremium listings to learn whatyou can enter as an exhibit.Each item should have a labelprinted with your name, age,club, and county. You maymodel crocheted garmentsand accessories at the fash-ion revue. Check county,regional, and state guide-lines before entering.

Other ThingsYou Can DoYou may take each level asmany times as you'd like tolearn and develop new skills.If you want to try out yourown ideas, you can take theTextile Science "Create YourOwn" project.

Name 4-dtoix-z,.

Age 16

4-H club Sock' curd ties

County cflt/#et/ /

Prepared by Jan Scholl, associate protinsor olagricultural and extension education.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extensi,,n Work, Acts of Congress May 8 and June 30,1914, its cooperation with the U S. Depart neat of Agricultureandthe Pennsylvania Legislature. LE. flood, Dnector of Cooperative Extension, The Pennsylvania State University.


The Pennsylvania State University is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal assess to programs, fat Butes, .1(11111`,111, And ellIpi0111011 ssnhoutregard to personal characteristics not related to ability, performance, or qualifications ac determined by University policy or by state or federal authorities TlwPennsylvania State University thws not discriminate against any person because of age, ancestry, color, disability or handicap, natuinal origin, me, religious s ccd,sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status. Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmatise Action The Penns\ halm StaleUniversity, 201 Willard Building, University Park, PA 16802-2801; tel. (814) 863-0471; TDD (814) 865.3175

Tlw Pennsylvania State University 1994. 24

document resume ed.379 510 ce 068 348 scholl, jan title ... · document resume ed.379 510 ce 068...

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