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DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 375 891 JC 940 607

AUTHOR Donsky, Aaron P.; Cox, Samuel C.TITLE The Feasibility of an Evening LPN to RN Transition

Program.INSTITUTION Seminole Community Coll., Sanford, Fla.PUB DATE [94]

NOTE 45p.; Conducted for Seminole Community CollegeNursing Department.

PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143)Tests /Evaluation Instruments (160)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Adult Students; Community Colleges; Feasibility

Studies; *Nurses; *Nursing Education; PracticalNursing; *Student Educational Objectives; TelephoneSurveys; *Transitional Programs; Two Year Colleges

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to handle the shortage of registered

nurses (RN's), many institutions have designed articulation programsto move licensed practical nurses (LPN's) into RN programs. Researchdescribes LPN's as nontraditional adult learners with familyresponsibilities who must work full-time while in school. Many areanxious about returning to the classroom. With these considerationsin mind, some scholars in the field recommend that LPN-to-RNtransition programs be separate from the second year of the RNprogram and that they be constituted to reflect the specific needs ofadult learners. For example, these programs should b, convenient andcost-efficient for a working adult; be limited to a few days a week;include only LPN's; have individualized learning components; andprovide all necessary student learning support. To investigate thefeasibility of a LPN-to-RN transition program, Seminole CommunityCollege (SCC) in Florida utilized the services of a direct mailservice to identify LPN's and a telemarketing firm to conducttelephone interviews. Using a random sample of 500, 251 LPN's werecontacted. The survey found that: (1) 62.2% were over the age of 40;(2) 71.3% had been practicing for 10 years or more; (3) 33.5% wereemployed in a hospital; (4) 15.5% were employed in a doctor's office;(5) 51.2% worked 40 or more hours per week; (6) 51.87.. had an interestin studying part-time to become an RN; (7) 46.5% preferred eveningclasses, 31.8% day classes, and 21.7% weekends; (8) 57.4% preferred a1 year, 20-hour per week program; and (9) the biggest reasons fordelaying RN education were time, inconvenient class times, and cost.The study report includes the survey instrument and detailed results.-(KP)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION

Mc* 0) Educalonal Research end Improvement

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

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Aaron P. Donsky,Dean of InstitutionAnalysis & Research

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Samuel C. CoxDirector of ManagementInformation Services

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ANALYSIS

In an attempt to handle the shortage of registered nurses,many institutions have

designed articulation programs to move LPN's into RN programs. The research

accompanying the establishment of these programs has identified that LPN's most often

resemble nontraditional adult learners who have family responsibilities and must work full

time while going to school. While many would like to become RN's, cost and time

considerations are restricting factors. In addition, like other nontraditional students, they

have anxieties about returning to the classroom after many years of absence. With these

considerations in mind, there are scholars in the field who are recommending that LPN

to RN transition programs be separate from the second year of the RN programs and that

they be constituted to reflect the specific needs of adult learners. They should be

convenient and cost efficient for a working adult. They might include the following

elements:

* be limited to a few days a week* include only LPN's* have individualized learning components* provide all necessary student learning support

The data from the SCC survey of LPN's in its service area also pointed out the

adult learner nature of its respondents. Convenience of courses and program cost were

the major considerations, followed by a less intimidating classroom setting. The majority

of respondents preferred:

* an evening program* limited to one year* with 20 hours of classroom per week

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Seminole Community College presently has both an LPN and an Associate Degree

RN program. The college also maintains a transition option which allows LPN's to move

into the second year of the RN program by means of a transition course combined with

the fulfilling of the required general education course work. After completing the

transition, the LPN's are integrated along with the second year RN's into the day

program.

During the past several years there have been numerous inquiries about a nursing

education evening tract at SCC for LPN's wanting to become RN's. The motivation

comes from experienced LPN's who have worked to establish themselves in career

positions and then must resign or become part time in order to attend the day time RN

program at the college. These experienced LPN's often bring to the nursing program a

strong foundation of clinical skills and would be an excellent population to target for an

evening nursing program.

Maureen Daniels of the nursing faculty proposed a project, funded by a Staff and

Program Development grant, to the Institutional Analysis and Research Department of

SCC involving the determination of the interest of LPN's in the college's service area

relative to an evening LPN to RN program tract. This study results from that survey effort.

IIIIII1

IIIIIIII

I

III

SETTING THE SCENE

Transition Programs

The American Association of Community Colleges (1991) noted that there was a

continuing shortage of associate degree registered nurses and advocated that community

colleges initiate an aggressive recruitment and retention program targeting licensed

practical nurses. The National League of Nursing's own studies (1990) support the

recruitment of future RN's from present LPN's.

...of the total associate degree graduates surveyed, 41% practiced as

practical/vocational nurses prior to obtaining licensure. (p.1)

Hosch (1986) in an extensive study of LPN to RN program options, found four

basic patterns

1. Licensure Based Programs: These are programs which admits LPNs

and are de,-igned to build on their prior level of nursing education.

These programs may limit admissions to only LPNs.

2. Advanced Placement Programs: These are programs which have

curriculum that allow for students with previous schooling to receive

advanced standing within their program. This advanced standing

may be granted by providing for transfer of previously earned

educational credit to college credit by acknowledging this previous

6

education or by requiring the individual to satisfactorily complete theory

and/or clinical proficiency examinations.

3. Multiple Entry-Exit Programs: These are programs in which the

curriculum permits students to prepare for entrance into or exit from

different phases of the nursing program. For example, the student

may enter into a two-year academic program for registered nursing

and may exit after one year and be eligible for licensure as a LPN or

after the second year and be eligible for licensure as a registered

nurse; sometimes referred to as career ladder programs.

4. Assessment Programs: These are programs in which the curriculum

is based totally on an assessment of the individual's knowledge and

competency through the administration of theory and clinical

proficiency examinations. (p. 17)

The AACC in cooperation with the Metropolitan Life Foundation(1990) funded 19

community college projects aimed at coping with the registered nursing shortage.

Some of these schools had proposals that dealt specifically with a LPN to

RN transition program. Umpqua Community College designed a 44 hour summer bridge

course to help LPN's move into the existing second year of their associate

degree registered nursing program.

New Mexico Junior College modified their existing sophomore curriculum to an

accelerated 10 months program with a self-paced modular transition course.

North Harris County College also established a modified second year with

an individualized curriculum for the LPN to RN transition.

The LPN Profile

Louisiana State Jniversity (1991) conducted a feasibility study of the likelihood of

success for an LPN to RN articulation program. As part of the study, they conducted a

survey of LPN's in surrounding parishes (counties). They found that most LPN's

* had been practicing for 10 or more years

* were employed full time

* had an interest in studying to become

an RN on a part time basis

* would continue to work full time while

going to school

Hosch(1986) found based on his analysis of LPN's in West Virginia that those

returning to school were likely

* less likely to have as many completed

general college courses as those

enrolled in the RN program

* more likely to be older students

* have family responsibilities

* will have financial difficulties upon

returning to school

Existing data, then point to the fact that LPN's returning to school for RN programs

are more similar to nontraditional, adult learners than to full time college credit students.

Perlich(1989) found that LPN's , like other adult learners, had to integrate the student role

in with the rest of his/her life. In addition there are the accompanying problems of the

adult learner returning to the classroom after years of absence.

Given the adult learner profile of returning LPN's, Williams and Gallimore (1987)

suggest that ADN programs be developed specifically for the returning LPN students.

They indicate that separate RN tract programs for LPN's have already been established

in institutions in New York state and at Rose State University in Oklahoma.

METHODOLOGY

Institutional Analysis and Research in cooperation with the Seminole Community

College Nursing Education Department constructed a survey instrument that was given

to a randomly selected group of Licensed Practical Nurses living in the college's service

area of Seminole County.

What makes this study particularly noteworthy beyond the results is its utilization

of the services of other agencies in the completion of the work (out servicing). This

cooperative effort had the effect of collapsing the times involved, improving the return

rate, and producing more viable results. More specifically, a direct mail service, Sunrise

Marketing Services, Inc.,obtained for the college a tape of all practical nurses living in

Seminole county from the State Department of Professional Regulation. The service then

reviewed the currency of the phone numbers and addresses, drew a random sampling

of 500 potential respondents from the tape total of 1097, and then printed/sent out letters

to each of selected LPN's. The letters were based on input from Institutional Research

and the Nursing Education Department and indicated to the potential respondents that

he/she would be receiving a call requesting survey information that would help in

curriculum design for the Nursing Program. (Appendix A contains a copy of the letter.)

Approximately one week after the letters were mailed, a telemarketing firm,

Marketel Inc. began to contact those who had received the mailing. Marketel was

successful at conducting a phone interview , using the survey instrument with 251 out of

the 500, resulting in a response rate of 50%. (Appendix B contains a breakout of the

Marketel Phone Success.) Institutional Analysis and Research tabulated the data,

including the close coding of open ended responses, analyzed the results, and wrote the

report.

1()

Address/phone verification, mailing, phone interviewing, and data production took

approximately one month. The relatively short survey administration period and the 50%

return rate based on a single contact testify to the value of a cooperative outservicing

technique in the gathering of institutional research data.

Sample Composition

There were 251 practical nurses in the sample interviewed and they had the

following profile:

* Most were over age 40 (62.2%)This is consistent with the totalpopulation of LPN's in the county ofwhom 61.5% are 40 or older.

* The majority had been LPN's for 10 ormore years (71.3%)

* Most are either employed in ahospital (33.5%) or a doctor'soffice (15.5%)

* The majority work 40 or morehours per week (51.2%)

* Most start their work day in themorning (59.5%)

* A majority were interested inbecoming an RN (51.8%)

RESULTS

Appendix C contains the survey instrument and script used by interviewers.Appendix D contains the detailed responses.

Question 1 How many years have you been an LPN?

Over 71 percent of the respondents have been an LPN 10 or more years.

Question 2 In what area of work are you presently employed?

Hospital employment was most reported. Over 1/3 of the respondents indicateda hospital as area of employment.

Question 3 How many hours do you normally work per week?

More than half (50.2%) of the respondents reported normally working more than40 hours a week.

Question 4 What is your normal starting time (work schedule)?

Morning (anytime from 6:00 a.m. to 11.59 a.m) was the most reported as normalwork starting time. Almost 60 % of the respondents reported a morning startingtime.

Question 5 Are you interested in becoming an RN?

About 52% reported an interest in becoming an RN.

Question 6 Since you've become an LPN, how long have you beeninterested in becoming an RN?

Of those reporting an interest in becoming an RN, most (46.2%) LPNs reportedbeing interested for at least 10 years since they became an LPN.

Question 7 What is your primary reason for seeking educationleading to FIN status?

Career advancement was stated as the primary reason for seeking educationleading to RN status.

Question 8 What has been the biggest cause for delaying yourRN education?

The biggest cause for delaying the RN education was about evenly dividedbetween not enough time, class times inconvenient, and the cost, respectively.

Question 9 What time schedule would enable you to attend RN classes?

Over 46.5 % preferred evenings: The next highest was 31.8 % who preferred daysand 21.7 % weekends.

Question 10 What length of RN program do you prefer?

The majority (57.4%) preferred a one year program of approximately 20 hours ofclassroom per week.

Question 11 Have you sought alternatives to a traditional RN educational programsuch as correspondence courses or independent study?

Of those expressing an interest in becoming an RN, 57.4% have sought outalternatives to a traditional RN education program and 42.6% have not.

Question 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 If you did seek an alternative RN educationalprogram, did the following attract you to alternative RN education? cost, convenienttimes,method of instruction, less intimidating approach, or other reasons.

For those who chose an alternative RN educational program90.5% listed convenient time75.7% listed the cost51.4% listed a less intimidating approach

The majority (71.6%) indicated there were no other reasons, but those who did listother reasons primarily indicated convenience of being able to study at home and the factthat the program was readily available with no waiting. Detailed "other reasons" are listedin Appendix E.

Question 17 How old are you?

Over 62% of the respondents were over 40 years old, and this generally reflectsthe total LPN population of Seminole County.

14

REFERENCES

Ellis, J.R. & Hartley, C. L (1988). Nursing in Today's World: Challenges. Issues andTrends, (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Hosch, India (1986). Educational Progression of Licensed Practical Nurses to RegisteredNursing Programs. Charleston: West Virginia State Board of Education.

Mc Kenney, James F. (1991). AACJC/Metropolitan Life Foundation Registered NurseShortage Project: Status Report. Washington: American Association of CommunityColleges.

National League of Nursing (1990). The Source for New Research Reports. The DataMonitor.

Perlich, L. and et. al. (1989). The LPN-ADN Articulation Project. Journal of Nursing StaffDevelopment. March 1989.

Pullen, C.H. (1988). Are We Easing the Transition from LPN to ADN? American Journalof Nursing, Vol 88, No. 3.

Williams, C. & Gallimore, K. (1987). Educational Mobility in Nursing: LPN to RN. NurseEducator, Vol 12, No. 4.

APPENDIX A

MAILING

16

Dear

SEMINOLE COMMUNITY COLLEGE100 Weldon Boulevard Sanford, Florida 32773-6199 (407)328-4722 or 843-7001

In an effort to better meet the needs of future students inour nursing programs, Seminole Community College is conducting asurvey of a select number of Licensed Practical Nurses in SeminoleCounty. We strongly encourage your participation in this survey asit will enable us to plan programs that reflect the changing needsof our community.

Using a special sampling procedure, we have selected a smallnumber of LPNs in the county. Because you were among the limitednumber sampled it is important that you assist us if at allpossible.

Enclosed please find a copy of the Licensed Practical NurseSurvey. Within the next few days a representative from SCC willcontact you by phone to determine your willingness to participateand, if so, to interview you using the enclosed survey. Weanticipate that the interview will take no longer than 10 minutes.

Thank you in advance for your assistance in this veryimportant activity. Using the input from this survey, we will beable to make more informed decisions regarding the development ofour nursing programs. Your assistance helps us continue in ourgoal to provide the finest education for the nurses in ourcommunity.

1 (

Sincerely,

Laura Aromando, MSN, RNDepartment ChairNursing Programs

Ar Equal Access Equal Ooportunth Community College

APPENDIX B

MARKETEL PHONE ANALYSIS

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APPENDIX C

SURVEY INSTRUMENT

20

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IHello may I please speak with (LIST NAME)?

SEMINOLE COMMUNITY COLLEGELPN SURVEY INTRODUCTION

7/25/94

MESSAGE TO A PERSON or MACHINE:Hello, I'm calling on behalf of SEMINOLE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

We're conducting an important survey of specially selected NURSES in this

area. We will be calling back soon to ask for just a few minutes of your timeto provide valuable input on topics important to our community. Thank you.

(or to person: When would be the best time to reach LIST NAME?) [record]

PRESENTATION TO (LIST NAME):Hello, My name is (your First Name) and I'm calling on behalf of

SEMINOLE COMMUNITY COLLEGE We are conducting an important' surveyof NURSES in this area. As an LPN, you have been especially selected toparticipate and your responses will help us to determine educational andtraining needs of NURSES in our community. We recently sent you a copy ofthis survey in the -mail, do you recall receiving it?

{If they- say they did it and mailed it in, do the phone survey anyway}it will be a great help if you would give us just 10 minutes to provide yourinput. Do you have a few minutes right now to answer just a few questions?{IF NO, GET THE BEST TIME TO CALL BACK & RECORD IT}{IF THEY WON'T PARTICIPATE THANK THEM AND MOVE ON QUICKLY}

PROCEDURES1. RECORD ALL RESPONSES ON ANSWER SHEET WITH A #2 LEAD PENCIL

2. WRITE ASSIGNED I.D. # AND BUBBLE IN ON ANSWER SHEET

3. WRITE RESPONSES GIVEN AS "OTHER" (questions 2,7,8,10,16)BETWEEN PRINTED LINES IN 2nd BLOCK ON ANSWER SHEET{ACCURATELY SUMMARIZE ALL APPROPRIATE RESPONSES}

AFTER COMPLETEING THE SUP VEY:Thank you very much for your input. SCC has a very successful 12 month LPN

to ADN transition track program with both Day and Evening classes. If youwould like more information on enhancing your career or have any questions

at all, please call the college at 238-2014. Thank you so much.

Maki locerporated I 4063 11. Goldenrod Rd.. Suite 9 I Minter Park. Florida 32191 1 401-611-SEll (1355]

21

LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSE SURVEY, JULY 1994SEMINOLE.COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1. How many years have you been an LPN?

A. Less than 2 yearsB. 2 - 5 yearsC. 6 - 9 yearsD. 10 or more years

2. In what area of work are you presently employed? ( Select one best answer.)

A. HospitalB. Doctor's officeC. ClinicD. Home servicesE. Nursing homeF. Other

3. How many hours do you normally work per week? (Select one best answer.)

A. Less than 20 hours per weekB. 20 - almost 30 hours per weekC. 30 - almost 40 hours per weekD. 40 - almost 50 hours per weekE. 50 or more hours per week

4. What is your normal work starting time (work schedule)? (Select one best answer.)

A. Early morning (anytime from 12:01 a.m. to 5:59 a.m.)B. Mornings (anytime from 6:00 a.m. to 11:59 a.m.)C. Afternoons (anytime from 12:00 noon to 5:59 p.m.)D. Evenings (anytime from 6:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight)

5. Are you interested in becoming an RN?

A. Yes B. NO

If you answered "yes", to question 5, please continue with question 6. Ifyou answered "no", please go to question 17.

6. Since you've become an LPN, how long have you been interested in becoming anRN?

A. Less than 2 yearsB. 2 - 5 yearsC. 6 - 9 yearsD. 10 or more years .

7. What is your primary reason for seek;ng education leading to RN status? (Selectone best answer.)

A. Career advancementB. Additional incomeC. Increased knowledgeD. Other

8. What has been the biggest cause for delaying your RN education? (Select onebest answer.)

A. The costB. Not enough personal timeC. The time classes are offered is not convenientD. Worry about classesE. Does not apply. I am currently studying for RNF. Other

9. What time schedule would enable you to attend RN classes? (Select one bestanswer.)

A. Days (7:00 a.m. to 4:59 p.m.)B. Evenings (5:00 p.m. to 9:59 p.m.)C. Weekends (5:00 p.m. Friday til 6:00 p.m. Sunday)

10. What length of RN program do you prefer? (Select one best answer.)

A. Approximately 20 hours of classroom per week for 1 yearB. Approximately 15 hours of classroom per week for 1 1/2 yearsC. Approximately 10 hours of classroom per week for 2 yearsD. Other

11. Have you sought out alternatives to a traditional RN educational program such ascorrespondence courses or independent study?

A. YesB. No (If no answered "No go to question 17.)

9

12. The cost?

A. Yes B. No

13. The convenient times instruction was offered?

A. Yes B.. No

14. The method of instruction?

A. Yes B. No

15. Less intimidating approach and more "user friendly?"

A. Yes B. No

16. Other reasons?

A. Yes (Please list)B. No

17. How old are you?

A. Less than 20 years oldB. 20 - 25 years oldC. 26 - 30 years oldD. 31 - 40 years oldE. 41 - or more years old

Thank you very much for your input. Your response to this survey will help us inplanning future RN programs at Seminole Community College.

2

APPENDIX D-

DETAILED RESULTS

LPN TO RN TRANSITION PROGRAM SURVEY

QUESTION 1

How many years have you been an LPN?

200

150

100

50

0

/

Less than 2 years 2 - 5 years 6 - 9 years22 32 18

10 or more years179

2 6


QUESTION 2

In what area of work are you presently employed?

100

80

60

40

20

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Series 1 NI 84Doctors Off,

39Clinic

8

Home Srvcs. Nursing Home15 36

Other69


QUESTION 3

How many hours do you normally work per week?

120

100

80

60

40

20

Less than 2023

20 - almost 30 30 - almost 4035 53

40 - almost 50100

50 or more No Response12 28

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QUESTION 4

What is your normal work starting time?

Early morning Morning

9 9

No Response29

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QUESTION 6

Since you've become an LPN, how long have beeninterested in becoming an RN?

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152 - 5 years

426 - 9 years

13

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What has been the biggest cause for delaying your RNeducation?

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140

120

100

80

60

40

20

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Series 1E1

QUESTION 9

What time schedule would enable you to attend RN classes?

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60

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No Response

122

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140

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100

80

60

40

20

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QUESTION 10

What length of RN program do you prefer?

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200

150

100

50

0

QUESTION 13

Did the convenient times instruction was offered attract you toalternative RN education?

Yes NoSeries 1 NI 67 7

No Response177

3 8

1

Series 11MI

.

AMI la

I

A

-

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200

150

100

50

0

QUESTION 16

Did the other reasons attract you to alternative RNeducation?

A

4a:::**;$44 04**47013 .P4 4**44:.X*.:444 0. 441:1441 0.4

Sias% .14,4 $.4014,ktk *et

[-Series 11111

Yes21

No53

No Response177

4 1

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Series 111111


QUESTION 17

How old are you? (Age Range)

Au.

oti

04.0%PwASIV1"wWir

I I

Less than 20 yrs old

220 - 25 yrs old

6

26 - 30 yrs old 31 -40 yrs old

15 7241 - or more yrs old

156

42

APPENDIX E

QUESTION 16

1 3

Question 16

Could be at home 4Can go at own pace 4Readily available. No waiting 2Can work and study 2Hard to maintain full-time job 1

Career advancement 1

Never had program when I wanted 1

No hand on training 1

Non-American. Hard to understand 1

Total convenience of academic study 1

Weren't as many prerequisitesNo comment 2

,

SEM/N Z

SEMINOLECOMMUNITY COLLEGE

100 Weldon BoulevardSanford. Florida 32773-6199

An Equal Access Equal Opportunity Community College

45

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