DOCUMENT RESUME

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AUTHOR Reed, Sheila A.TITLE Oliver P. Morton: Indiana's Civil War Governor. A

Teaching Unit for Fourth Grade Indiana History.INSTITUTION University of Southern Indiana, Evansville.SPONS AGENCY National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH),

Washington, D.C.PUB DATE 91

NOTE 28p.PUB TYPE Guides - ClassrOom Use - Teaching Guides (For

Teacher) (052)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Biographies; Civil War (United States); Grade 4;

Instructional Materials; Intermediate Grades;Learning Activities; Public Officials; *SocialStudies; *State History; *State Officials; TeachingMethods; United States History; Units of Study

IDENTIFIERS *Indiana; *Morton (01i7er)

ABSTRACT

A teaching unit is presented for fourth-aradestudents to learn about Indiana history during the period of1850-1865. Desigmd for three to five class periods, the materialsinclude an Oliver P. Morton biography packet, a timeline activity,crossword puzzle%;, sentence completion worksheet, and an essay test.(DB)

***********************************************************k************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

* from the original document. *

************************************************************x*********

DLIYALLIMONIndiana's Civil War Governor

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A Teaching Unit for Fourth GradeIndiana History

Sheila A. ReedIndlaniand the New Natimk,

NEM Grant ProjectUniversity of Southern Indiana

1989-91

BEST COPYIVAIIABLE

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATIONOft* of Edocatronat Research end Improvement

Er. JCATIONAL RFSOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER MAC)

This document hes Dien reoroduCed alwed from IA* moon o- 'Nona/Mon

originating ito Minor changes hove been roads to improve

reproduction QUIthty

Points of view Os opinions Meted in this doCume& do not nectalrily represent ollsCialOFAI oositton or optic),

"FTRMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMc.A:IFRIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

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TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

Lesson Plans for a Teaching Unit entitled:

OLIVER P. MORTON

insaimeA-Salli-VOLSOILISIL

Grade Level: 4 - 12

Time: 3-5 Class periods

This unit should be presented after, students have studiedthe time period 1850-65 in Indiana history.

Materials:Teacher: for a general overview of the political conditions In

Indiana 1850-65 see James H. Madison: The Indiana Wav:A State History Bloomington, Indiana UniversityPress, 1986.

Student: Oliver P. Morton biography packetTimeline ActivityCrossword Puzzle

Sentence Completion WorksheetMap ActivityEssay Test

Evaluation: Essay Test

Objectives:

Students will:1. Identify Morton as Indiana's governor during the Civil War.2. recognize Morton's efforts in contributing to Indiana's

war effort.

3. become familiar with the maJor events in Morton's life.4. complete a variety of worksheets to reinforce basic facts

concerning Morton's life.

Activities:

1. Teachers should familarize themselves with the backgroundmaterial and the information in the students' packet prior toleading a class discussion of the time period and events.

2. Students should read the Morton biography packet. This can bedone individually, In small groups or as a whole class.

3. Teacher-led discussion of information in the packet to ensurestudents understand events and activities in Morton's life andthe Civil War period in Indiana.

4. Several activities are Included to reinforce main facts aboutMorton. These can be done using the biography packet tolocate answers, or withou l. the packet, to act as a preliminaryevaluation activity. Worksheets can be teacher-led activitiesor individually done.

1. Timeline Activity2. Crossword Puzzle3. Sentence Completion4. Map Activity

5. Evaluation of students' knowledge is measured by a simpleidentification and a short essay activity.

3 A

91Iver P, Morton

Indiana's Civil War Governm

farlv Life 1823-1860

Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton was born on August 4. 1823 In a small

village called Saulsbury in Wayne County on Indiana's central eastern

boundary. His parents were James and Sarah (Miller) Throck Morton. Sarah

died after the birth of her fourth stillborn child In 1826. Oliver was only

three years old at the time of her death and too young to be without a

mother's care. He was sent to live with his grandparents and their two

widowed daughters, cn a farm in Springfield, Ohio. Morton grew up there,

living with Aunt Polly, Aunt Hannah, and Grandfather Miller for twelve years.

He was called Perry in their strict, religious home where Bible reading was a

daily event, and Sunday church was an all-day service. He was pampered and

waited on by his aunts and was one of Aunt Hannah's students in the

neighborhood school.

His father moved to Centerville, Indiana, not far from Saulsbury and

decided that fifteen year old Perry should leave the farm and attend a city

school. Morton stayed at the school only one year before his grandparents and

aunts also moved to Centerville. Shortly thereafter his grandfather died.

At the age of fifteen, it was time for a young man to make a decision

about a career in life. Oliver became a helper/clerk for a Dr. Swain. He was

supposed to become a doctor by studying with Dr. Swain. When the doctor

caught Oliver reading instead of clerking, he became angered and struck

Oliver. Oliver returned the blow and was immediately dismissed from his

medical studies. He returned to his family In disgrace and was sent learn to

ii*********************************** 2 **************************************

be a hat maker for four years with his half brother, William. Oliver did not

like this, but he spent three and a half years learning the craft. In 1843 .

six months before this apprenticeship was completed, Morton took his

inheritance from Grandfather Miller, bought out the remaining time, and

enrolled In Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

Morton spent two years at Miami University taking classes that interested

him. He did not graduate. He was remembered at Miami as being a "good

fellow, a leader In athletic contests, an enthusiastic but rather poor

musician, an excellent debater and outstanding math student."

After two years In college, his money was gone but he had foun his

direction in life: a career in law and marriage to Lucinda Burbank. He left

school and married Lucirda in May of 1845. They had five children between

1846 and 1860, three sons and two daughters.

From 1846 to 1852, Morton was a lawyer in Centerville. There he and

Lucinda began their family. In 1848, he first tried to be elected to public

office. He was a candidate for prosecuting attorney of the circuit court. He

did not win.

In 1852 the General Assembly of Indiana appointed Morton to be a Judge in

the county court. Although only holding the office eight months, this was an

Important time in Morton's career. During the summer court session, he

exchanged courts with an Indianapolis Judge and held his court in the capital

city. For the first time, Oliver Morton had moved outside of Centerville to

the capital city.

He had also made two personal decisions about his career as a lawyer.

First, he wanted to remain a practicing lawyer, not a Judge. Secondly, Morton

felt his incomplete education was not good enough for a career as a lawyer.

*********************************** 3 **************************************

So he left his wife and son In Centerville, and enrolled in Cincinnati College

law school for one term. Morton successfully completed the term and returned

home In the spring. He established a successful law pcactice with a partner.

Records show that they were Involved on one side or the other in all the

important cases in the county. They worked with the railroad companies and

earned quite large fees. The law office was across the street from the

courthouse and became a natural gathering place for anyone interested In law,

Politics and current events.

At this time one of the most talked about issues in the country was the

question of slavery in the South and in new states that were being added to

the Union. The Democratic Party supported slavery and said tho new states

could make their own decision about slavery. Many Americans felt slaverr was

very wrong and should be forbidden in new states. Although Morton was a

Democrat, he didn't think slavery was right. He did all he could to stop

Indiana Democrats from supporting slavery at Its meeting in May 1854. When the

convention voted to support slavery, Morton walked out of the meeting in anger

and defeat.

The other political party was against slavery In the South and In new

states. Morton soon became involved in this group and by 1855 was giving

speeches all over Indiana. This new party was calling Itself the Republican

party.

In May 1856, Indiana Republicans nominated Morton to run for the

governor's office. He was not elected and was very disappointed and

discouraged with politics. He vowed "he was through with politics and was

going back to the law for good." He believed that "that was the end of his

career as a politician." Of course he did not quit politics and return to

6

************************************ 4 **************************************

Centerville to practice law. During the next four years, Morton was a popular

speaker across the state. As the 1860 elections drew closer, it seemed clear

that he would be the nominee for governor again. Another Republican, Henry S.

Lane, also wanted the nomination. Lane had more support and was chosen.

Friends of both men made a compromise. If Lane and Morton won the election

Lane would be chosen as the United States Senator and Morton would become the

governor. In the fall election, Lane and Morton won the election. It was the

first time that Oliver Morton had won an election.

By 1860 the slavery question had torn the country apart. The South

greatly feared the election of Abraham Lincoln and promised to seceed from the

Union if he was elected. Some of the Northern people wanted to let the South

leave without a fight, but Lincoln, Morton, and many others wouldn't let that

happen. Morton's speeches show his support of the Union above everything and

against all enemies. He said it was the federal government's right and duty

to make laws for the whole country and the new states. He said, "It (the

Union] must and shall be preserved . . . the Union first, last and all the

time, and we will wage uncompromising warfare upon all parties that

contt plate its destruction."

The War Governor and Soldiers' Friend 1861-1865

The winter and spring of 1860-61 were filled with uncertainty and fear.

No one knew what would the new president or the Southern states would do about

each other. People were afraid and worried about the future of the United

States and the possibility of war. During this time Governor Morton continued

to work to encourage Hoosiers to support the Union in the war he felt was

0.1

************************************ 5 **************************************

surely coming. In a speech in Indianapolis in late November, he said the

President had no choice but to preserve order, with military force if

necessary. He predicted that if one state was allowed to seceed, then others

would and soon there would be thlity-three small "countries', Instead of the

United States of America. That was especially dangerous to states like

Indiana because we would be cut off from world ocean transportation routes.

Indiana's economic future depended ol the United States staying one big

country.

Morton was ready to support armed conflict in order to preserve the

Union. 'If South Carolina gets out of the Union, I trust It will be at the

point of the bayonet, after our best efforts have failed to compel her

submission to the laws. setter concede her Independence to force, to

revolution, than to right and principle." The American Revolution had set the

pattern for armed conflict over secession.

On January 14, Lane and Morton were sworn into office. On January 15,

the General Assembly selected Lane as Indiana's senator. Lane resigned and

Morton was sworn in as governor. Morton was the first governor to be a native

Hoosier.

In February, as Lincoln traveled through Indianapolis towards Washington

and his first term of office, Morton welcomed him and promised to support him

in every way necessary to keep the South from leaving the country. He visited

Lincoln in Washington in March and promised 6000 Indiana soldiers for the

defense of the Union, a loyal Indiana and wholehearted support of Lincoln's

administration.

The Southern bombing of Fort Sumter in the harbor In Charleston, South

Carolina, on April 12 officially started the Civil War. When President

8

************************************ 6 **************************************

Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteer troops to defend the Union, Gov. Morton

telegraphed the following reply:

"Indianapolis, April 15, 1861.

"To Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States:

"On behalf of the State of Indiana, I tender to you for the defense of

the nation, and to uphold the auhority of the government, ten thousand men.

Oliver P. Morton,

"Governor of Indiana."

The state of Indiana was not prepared to supply nearly that many

soldiers. The state militia had less than 500 men in It. No one knew where

the state's weapons, uniforms, or military equipment wcre kept and in what

quantities or condition they were in. A count of arms In January of 1861

found only 500 workable small guns and eight cannons in the state. There was

only $10,000 in the state treasury and it could not be used to get more

soldiers or guns.

Morton called the legislators into special session and requested one

million dollars to supply Indiana's troops, they voted $2,000,000!

Throughout the war, Governor Morton always took care of Indiana's soldiers and

made sure that Hoosier boys had the best Indiana could give. They called him

"the soldiers' friend".

Within a week of Lincoln's call and Morton's promise of troops, nearly

12,000 men organized Into local units and went to Indianapolis from all parts

of the state. Training, equipping and feeding all those eager volunteers was

************************************ 7 **************************************

an enormous task. Within two days the state fairgrounds were converted into

Camp Morton. Display halls and farm animal stalls were closed in and bunks

built. Horse and cattle stables became living quarters, and the dining hall

became the cafeteria.

By early 1862, over 53,000 men were in uniform and all had come through

Camp Morton in Inalanapolls. Arrival in Indianapolis was a thrilling

adventure planned to excite patriotism and military enthusiasm. New soldiers

were met at the train station by an honor guard and drum and bugle band. Each

company was escorted through the packed and cheering crowds to the southeast

corner of the State House. There Governor Morton made a speech and the

soldiers ware sworn in. They were then marched to Camp Morton, fed, and

assigned to their tents or cattle stalls.

Governor Morton continued to be interested In Indiana's soldiers even

after they had Joined the federal trocps. In February 1862, he established

the Indiana Sanitary Commission, which acted like the Red Cross today. It

took care of the health need of our soldiers. Nearly every town in Indiana

had a committee to gather supplies to help their fighting men. The Sanitary

Commission provided many various goods, services, and supplies on the

battlefield, on marches, and in hospitals. It distributed clothing, bandages,

towels, and blankets, wrote letters and did other favors for the men, saw to

the burial of the dead, kept records of the general health and comfort, talked

with the officers and privates, and checked on all complaints. It got leaves

to come home for the sick and wounded, visited hospitals, provided reading

matter and other things to help soldiers feel comfortable and happy.

While Morton worked to provide Hoosier soldiers with the best equipment,

Provisions, care, and honor, he also concerned himself that proper care was

1 0

****4****************************** 8 **************************************

given to several thousand Confederate prisoners at Camp Mortal in 1862. He

appointed Richard Owen as commander of the camp and together they provided

needed clothing, blankets, medical care, and food for the Confederates.

The war was not going well for the north during the latter half of 1862.

After major victories at Shiloh and New Orleans In April, Union troops had not

been able to continue their success. Second Bull Run, Antietam. Fredricksburg

had heavy northern casualties. In Indiana, the threat of the invasion of

Kentucky by Confederate troops caused a great fear in southern Indiana.

Morton raised 20,000 5oldiers and sent them to help defend Kentucky. When

Morton needed dioney to equip them, he left his office in the Statehouse and

walked down the street to a bank to borrow $30,000. The president of the bank

asked him how he was going to carry Oat much money if he gave It to h.m in

cash. Gov. Morton replied that he'd find a way, went to a neighboring store

for a basket and filled It up with the money. He walked back to his office,

carrying $30,000 In a market basket!

Eighteen sixty-two was an election year and a new General Assembly was

to be chosen. Unhappy with the Republican conduct of the war, the increasing

taxes, the national government's halting of some of American's basic rights,

aild finally, Lincoln's Emancipation Procimation, Indiana voters elected many

Democrat candidates. The Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln's document that

freed the black slaves, angered many Hoosiers. They felt Lincoln and the

Republican party had changed the reason for the war from saving the Union to

outlawing slavery and most Hoosiers did not want to die to free the slaves.

When the General Assembly met in Indianapolis in 1863, the Democrats

threatened to make the governor resign and the governor called them supporters

of the South and traitors. They argued with each other endlessly. To mdke

****44******************************* 9 **************************************

sure the Democrats couldn't do anything, the Republicans ran away from the

sttehouse, all the way to Madison, so they could cross the Ohio River If the

Democrats tried to force them to return to the capital city. The Democrats

were sure Gov. Morton would make the Republicans come back, because no one had

voted to pay any of the state's oills yet and unless the money was vot,d on,

the state would be penniless.

Governor Morton refused to be blackmailed. He had a plan. He was

going to run the state by himself, without the legislature. He would make

taxes and borrow money in his own name to pay the state's bills for two years

until the next election. He did just that! He got money from Indiana

counties, businesses, the federal government, and many ordinary citizens.

None of this money could be put Into the state treasury, which was

controlled by Democrats, so Morton put the money in his office safe. He also

wrote to a New York banking business owned by James F. D. Lanier, a former

Indiana resident. Lanier agreed to lend the state nearly $640,000.

During this same summer, the war came to Indiana. In July, General John

Hunt Morgan and 2000 Confederate soldiers Invaded southern Indiana. Morgan

and his raiders swept through Indiana, from Corydon to the Ohio border,

burning bridges, tearing up railroad lines, and stealing horses, food, and

anything else they wanted, Indianapolis and southern Indiana were In a panic.

Many thought Morgan was heading toward lAdianapolis to free prisoners In the

Confederate prison camp and capture the state ammunition factory there.

Governor Morton called for volunteers to protect the capital and southern

Indiana. Within two days 20,000 men were in Indianapolis and 45,000 were

ready to be called to the capital. Morgan never dld go Into central Indiana.

************************************ 10 **************************************

He went on into Ohio, where he was later captured and imprisoned. Governor

Morton was credited with saving Indiana from the horrors of war.

The war came to an end with Lee's surrender on April 9, and President

Lincoln was assassinated on the fourteenth. Morton was deeply saddened by

Lincoln's death. He had worked with him and supported him for five years.

When Lincoln's funeral train passed through Indianapolis, Morton arranged for

the body to lie In state in the capitol rotunda. He, and other state leaders,

met the funeral train in Richmond, and accompanied it to Indianapolis.

During the summer of 1865, Gwiernor Morton was not well. He felt

increasingly tired, somewhat confused, and worried. One morning, he was

unable to get out of bed, and from that day on was paralyzed from his hips

down. Several days later, on the advice of his doctors, Morton left to visit

specialists In Europe. On his way, he stopped for a week in Washington and

visited the new president. He and Mrs. Morton arrived In Paris, France in

February, 1866, and he began the very painful treatments, which didn't help

him.

Later Life 1865-1877

He returned to Indianapolis and continued to govern the state until

January of 186o, when the General Assembly chose him to be Indiana's Unit-d

States Senator In Washington D. C. Although unable to walk or even stand for

any length of time, Oliver Morton was an active member of the Senate for ten

years. He helped make laws for the country in the years after the Civil War,

and continued to strongly support the Union and oppose the South's actions.

*********************************** 11 **************************************

In June of 1877, he went to the Pacific coast on Senate business. While

there, his paralysis spread to other parts of his body. He insisted on

traveling back to Indiana. During his Illness, the President of the United

States came to visit hlm, as did many other friends and former soldiers. On

November 1, he died. On his deathbed, he said, "I am dying. I am worn out."

His funeral was a huge affair, and he is buried in Indianapolis.

Epilooue

In 1905, the Union veterans of Indiana wanted to honor "the soldier's

friend." They requested that the state put up a statue to honor Oliver

Mortov :n july, 1907 a twelve foot statue of Morton and two Hoosier soldiers

was unvtiied in front of the Statehouse in Indianapolis. Present at the

ceremony were Mrs. Morton, eight year old Oliver Perry Throck Morton, the

governor's grandson, many family members and other government leaders. The

statue Is still there, watching over Market Street and busy Indianapolis.

*****************************************************************************

Indiana's Civil War Governor

Timeline

1823 Oliver Morton W29 born in Saulsbury, Indiana

1826 Mother died-Went to live with his grandparents

1838 Returned to Centerville and worked as a medical clerk

1839 Began apprenticeship as a hat maker

1843 Attended Miami University in Ohio

1845 Married Lucinda Burbank

1846 Practiced law in Centerville

1856 Defeated in his campaign to be governor of Indiana

1860 Elected as Lt. Governor with Henry S. Lane

1861 January-becomes Governor when Lane resigns

1861 April-Civil War began and Gov. Morton promised Pres. Lincoln 10,000Hoosier soldiers

1862 Gov. Morton created Indiana Sanitary Commission to care forIndiana's fighting men

1863 Gov. Morton borrowed money to run the stateIndiana Invaded by Confederate troops

1865 Civil War ended, Pres. Lincoln assassinated, and Morton paralyzed

1e66 Went to Washington D.C. as Indiana's Senator

1877 Died in Indianapolis

1907 Statue erected in front of statehouse in Indianapolis

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WORD LIST: INDIANA/CIVIL WAR

ABRAHAMLINCOLNCAMPMORTONINDIANAPOLISJAMESFDLANIER

ANSWERS: INDIANA/CIVIL WAR

JOHNHUNTMORGANMARKETBASKETNORTHOLIVERPMORTON

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Use these events to fill in the timeline for GovernorMorton's life.

************************************************************

Began law practice in Centerville, Tndiana

Died in Indianapolis

Defeated in campaign to become governor of Indiana

Born in Saulsbury, Indiana

Became first Hoosier born governor

Elected as the Lt. Governor with Henry Lane

Borrowed money to run the state

Went to Washington D. C. as United States Senator

Statue erected in front of the statehouse in Indianapolis

Civil War ended, Lincoln assassinated, Morton paralyzed

Went to live with his grandparents

Worked as a medical clerk

Created the Indiana Sanitary Commission to care for Hoosiersoldiers

Civil War began and Gov. Morton promised Pres. Lincoln10,000 soldiers

Married Lucinda Burbank

Attneded Miami University

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20

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Name

Directions: Beside each date, fill in the correct event fromOliver P. Morton's life.

Oliver P. MortoqIndiana's Civil War Governor

Timeline

1823

1826

1838

1839

1843

1845

1846

1856

1860

1861 January

1861 April

1862

1863

1865

1866

187Z_

1907._

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Name

Answer the following quesclons using your knowlt thelife of Oliver P. Morton and the Civil War. Use tnebiography packet to find the corzect answers. Spell themcorrectly, please.

************************************************************Oliver P. Morton

Indiana's Clvil War Governor

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Who was the governor of Indiana during the Civil ar?

2. When was Oliver P. Morton born and in what town?

411*.m...Ira.

3. In 1852, Morton served as a for eightmonths.

4. What political party did Oliver Morton belong to during

Civil War?

5. What was Gov. Morton's nickname?

6. What was one of the most discussed questions in the

United States during the 1850/s?

7. What ycar did Morton become the goveror of Indiana?

8. The Civil War began with the Southern bombing of what

place?

9. What was the name of the place in Indianapolis where

Indiana men were trained to become soldiers?

10. What group of people took care of Indiana soldiers

during the Civil War?

11. When Gov. Morton borrowed money from Indianapolis banks,

what did he carry It to his office I

12. What document, that Pres. Lincoln wrote, gave slaves

their freedom?

13. Who was the Indiana banker in New York City that loaned

the state of Indiana over a half million dollars?

14. Who was a Confederate general who invaded southern

Indiana in 1863?

15. Where is there a statue of Oliver P. Morton?

16. Gov. Morton had serious health problems while he was

governor. What happened to him in 1865?

5 21 itt lat ciLAI 414

MASIIR Name

34 The Civil War (part 1)

Below is a map of the United States at the beginning of the Civil War.Study the map. Then fill out the lists on Master 35.

CAL/FORNIA:

Key:

11.:iof %1\ I

Union Stalesand territories

Confederate Stalesof AmericaTerritory supportingConfederacy

Undecided territory0 250 500 Miles

Scale0 250 500 Kilometers

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Union and Confederacy, 1861

MASTER

35Name

The Civil War (part2)

On Master 34 you saw a map.of the United States in 1861. The

map shows how the states and territories divided against each

other during the Civil War. After studying the map, make the

following lists:

1. States of the Confederacy

2. Territory supporting Confederacy

3. States of the Union

4. Territories supporting the Union

5. Undecided territory

NameOliver P. Morton Test

Write ono sentence about each of the following people,places, or thing. Be sure you tell who or what it is andhow it Is connected to our study of Indiana history.

1. Oliver .. 6..Icton

2. Abraham Lincoln

3. Civil War

Choose on of the following statements and write a paragraphabout it. Remember to Indent your paragraph, use completesentences, capital letters, and periods. Begin with a topicsentence. Write at least FIVE good sentences. Write yourparagraph on the back of this paper.

1. You are Oliver P. Morton. It Iq 1860 d you have beenelected as the Lt. Governor of Indiana. You know you willbecome the governor In January. Write a speech telling thepeople of Indiana why the southern states should NOT beallowed to leave the Union.

2. You are Gov. Morton and it is 1863. The General Assemblyrefuses to give you money to run the state for the next twoyears. Write to the Indianpolls newspapers telling how youare going to handle the problem.

3. You are Gov. Morton's grandson and It is 1907. You haveuncovered your famous grandfather's statue In front of thestatehouse in Indianapolis. Write a journal entrydescribing the ceremony and your grandfather's place inIndiana history.

27