DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 132 576 CS 203 096

AUTHOR Bavrogenes, Nancy A.; Cummins, Joan S.TITLE What Ever Happened to Little Red Riding Hood? A Study

of a Nursery Tale and Its Language.PUB DATB 76NOTE 17p.

BDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$1.67 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Childrens Literature; *Language Usage; Linguistics;

*Literary History; *Literature; Readability; SentenceStructure; *Vocabulary

IDENTIFIERS *Little Red Riding Hood

ABSTRACTThe first section of this study traces the history of

the story o "Little Red Riding Hood," from its possible primitiveorigins, through its first publication in 1697, up to its currentstatus. The second section analyzes the language of an interesting1856 version of the-tale and compares it with more modern versions.Table I indicates levels of reading difficulty for editions of thestory.according to Pry's readability technique. Table II presents alinguistic analysis of 16 of the 27 versions of the folktale. Thisanalysis reveals that, from 1697 to 1974, sentences have becomeshorter, the use of complex and complex-compound sentences hasdecreased, and simple sentences have become_more usual._Noreover, itsuggests that_the level of literary sophistication7-evidenced by useof subplots, interior monologue, multiple morals, and imagery--hasdeclined since the 1856 version. It further suggests that children beexposed to more and different kinds of literature during theirformative years. (LL)

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WHAT EVIKR ITAPMED LNG HOOD?

A Stu4y of a NUrsery Tale and Its Language

t DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.Epucamem WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATION

THIS DOCuMENT HAS REEN REPRO-DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN-ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED DO NOT NECESSAR ice REPRE-SENT OFFIcAL NATIoNAL INSTITuTE OFEOUCATiON POSITION OP POLICY

Mincy A. 1vrogeriu, Reading and English teacher, West High School, Aurora,Illinois.

Address: 613 Home Stret, St. Charles, Illinois 60174

---46-an S.

Abstracts

This is

first s tion

5th grade teacher, MUnhall School, St. Charls, Illinois

study of the tale "Little Red Riding Hood."

of the story, from its possible prini

origins, through its first publication in 1697, to its continuing popularity

today. The second section analyses the language of an interest_ 1856

version of the tale and compares it with mere modern versions. Ely look-

ing at the kinds of words used, the length of sentences and words1 the

kinds and complexity of sentences, and literary sophietiesstion, iho

study Mhoes how a decline has taken place in the use of th Etglikh language

and offers ideas on a possible remedy.

'NAT EVER HAFFEWED LTTTLE RED RIDING HOOD?

A Study of a Nursery Tale and Its Langtge

The accompanying version of "Little Red Riding Hood was published by

McLoughlin Brothers in New York City in 1856 as part of "Aunt Mary's Series,*

At that tim the cost of the McLoughlin Brothers various editions of this

famous old nursery tale ranged from 6 cents plain to 12 cente colored. This

particular edition.is interesting for two reason's First, because of its story

and, second, because af its language. The purpose of this artIcle is to in-

vest gate th we two aspects of the 1856 "Red Riding Hood" in order to shed

light on elements both past and present in children's literature.

Part Is Th Folk Tale

Charles Perrault. The story of Little Red Riding Hood was first published

is in 1697 by Charles Perrault in his Histoires ou Contes du temPs pass;;;

smcs. Moralitoze However, within the last twenty five years an original manu-

script containing five of Perrault's tales (inoludin "Red Riding Hood") has

eons to light dated 1695.1 This masa daluxe dedication copy intended for

Madamoieelle glisabeth Charlotte d!OOlans, niec of Louis XIV, and ie nom

the Pierpoist Morgan Library in NOW 'fork Citys Beare the end of 1697 Perraultge

telee.-*Red Riding Hood Sleeping Beauty nnue Beard 'Pose in

"Cinderella among othrshad teas r rint.'! in Rolland and Prano.

The existence of the etory befor Perrault is

have attempted to find its origin in primitive mylhologY

as early man's attempt to explain natural phen memo Thus Red Riding Hood becomes

dawn suallowe4 --1 -ce the sun) represented

**Thie oop Iiosn.dby Mr. *as a gift to his =that ben hefor publication permission.

'41

Red Riding Rood.4

by the wolf, or She is described as Spring, crowned with flowers, tho cannot

main in the belly of the wolf or 'inter.2

Furthermore' the story is linked

to th o ancient " -_low" legends like Cronus diegorging his ',allow d children

in Gr olagy, ar Jonah being swallowed by the *hale in the Old Testament

Other scholars have attempted to find evidence of the folk ori n of the

story in Perrault's language. The word ehaperon," for instance, in the French

title Le Petit Chaperon Rouge" is defined in sem'snteenth century dictionaries

very old type of tat worn the Middle Ages.4 Also, the name TMMoihor

Goose" has been co_ected-with early folklore or even history. Thin familiar

term vas mdc famous by Perrault in his 1697 edition, the frontispiece of Which

showed thres children and an old woman in front of the fire with a plaque on

the yell reading "Contes de ma mere 1 Oye." It has been euggesied that in

French medieval villages an old woman kept track of the geese and, as a stock

teller of tales, could be call d "ma slire l'Oy "5 The name Mother Goose in

French hes also been traced ba k to the mother of Charlemagn Brtha, "Queen

Goosefoot," orto Bertha min) of Robert 11, king of France in the llth century,

called Bertha Goosefoot.7 Finally, comparative folkloriste, by matching Per-

tilt' version with folk versions dating after him ean find elements thick

he redowed as being "in bad taste, puerile, or too primitives8 for instance,

the girl being invited to eat her grandmother's flesh or her question about the

hairy body of the wolf.

Sevente th tienturv.;. Ail such theories, however, have by no means been

proven. in fact, it is clear that the story of Little Red Riding Hood has n

circula ed midday where folktalee are learned orally; practically all versions

are ba ed upon Perrault or the brothers Grimm. Inded, there are scholars who

So so far as to belieVe that Perrault invented this

It ie also clear that fairy

verity years before Perrault's publications

_ 'court of Louis

Madame =de Svigni° to

her daughter, written in 1676, m

Red Riding Hood-3

fairy t they amuse the ladies

vith at Versailles."' This vas the Age of Recision' _he Neo-Classioal Age, when

bucolics and eclogues, on mlassical models, and thus stories of peasants were

in fashion.12

There would then be two levels of the tale: the literal one for

children and the symbolic for adult', wherein the wolf in bed educes the girl.

At least Perrault has A "MOrtaite t the end of his story warning young ladies

about gentle wolves1 a rational effort by Perrault, it hae been suggested, to

excuse adult enjoyment of puerile matter.13

After, Pejrault. Since Perrault's publication of his folk tales, they bawl

been translated into English, German, Russian, Swedish, Chinese, and Japanese14

and become thorouglay familiar to children everywhere. The first translation

of Perrault into Engliih vas made by Robert Samber in 1729 and appeared in

London; before ths end of the eighteenth century thie tranelation had been re-

Printed many times in En- d. The first American edition amber s t- nslation,

ed by Peter Edss in Haverhill, 1g.chusitie1 in 179416, o

Rivington in New York in 1795.17

al Brothers Gr. The brothers Grimm col d a peasant version of Red

Riding Hood9 having some German traditions but based en Perrault's printed tale,

and printed it as Rotkappchen in their collection of 1812.1 Their ending,

ebb* presumably save frva German folklore, is different frms Perrault: either

Red Riding Hood alone or with her grandmother is resoued , either before or

after being swallowed by the wolf.19

Centurc. During the nineteenth century, !operate tales of

Perrftult1 and esatimes of Orimmi wsre produded as Chapbooks "oherip books "

000ting only a pen4Y (in Engiand) or a few cents in Americo); it 111.1 through

these oditions-that the storios booms so populer.20 Our 1856 version or "Lit

Rod Riding Hired," costing only a tow e.nti9 would obviously fit in at_this po--

a period of rapid-growth in the-children kr=trado in botti_Engiand an_

-

Red Riding Hood.-4

the firwt Hans Christian Andersen tales in English and the first book of Lear

non sen appeared in the 1840's, "Red Riding Hood" vas published in the Home

Treasury Series in 1843, and the Peter Parley booko were varY P

By this tim, there were many variances in the tale. Par instance, Red

Riding Hood may oarry in her basket 'tardy butter, cakes egge , dainties,

bread, cookiae, meat, vine y combination of thes 22 And the endings

re manys the volf drowne in hat sausage 'eater; or he is slit open and filled

with stones; or he is burned in the throat by Red Riding Hood' cs;p; or he

tears the entrails and brains oat of the girl and her grandmother; or after

the wolf is killed, Rod Riding Hood, her mother, grandmother, and wood nymphs

all join in zinging the Varseillaise. 23

The 1856 jersion. Our 1856 version has some unusual variac.sz vhile

the wolf is devouring grandmotherf Red Riding Hood has some adventures herself.

She me ts a. mem, a little tom-tit, and "an aged crone gathering vatercresses."

At the end fter having relayed a secret message to the green huntesan from

the old woman, the girl is saved by this huntsman who has been warned by the

sp and tomr-tit. Also, by this time the "old crone" has turned into a beautifnl

young fairy vho vill alvays protect Little Rad Riding Hood because the has bean

so kind to the wasp1 tom-tit wateraresn lady. The only indication of the

origin of this version has been found in one book,24 vherein the veep, a little

bird and an old dame looking for crosses appear in a version included in the

section France." The fairy element and moral are not in this version, however.

It may be of additional interest to note that both the gasp and vatercress26

are conception symbolsthat is, in some folk literature they cause conception

if eaten.

-..tifulkat-itim. in

Riding Hiod can be seen in

th girl's adV_

the vide inf f Little Red

nays. :A FroUdien interOretetion of the

Oediial eago-in thedevelopment of tilt-,

Red Riding Hood-5

child, the huntsman being the strong father figure.27 The psychoanalyst Erich

Fromm goes even further, "the wolf is really displaying pregmancy-envy when he

fills his elly (womb) with the girl and her grandmother, and is punished when

Little Red Riding Hood EtOWS tønes, the symbol of sterility, in his insides.

This is presented as a tale of women who hate men and sex. On a less exalted

plane, a modern version of the tale is entitled "Little Eaack Riding Hood" and

her basket contains soul food; She wears a red Pants suit, and at the end every

one is saved, including the wolf, who is taken to the city soo milers he's

29&mired of three meals a day. Indeed, this charming folkiale ins had a long

nd hardy lifel

Fart IIs The Iangge

of xtdi.I. Another interesting feature of this 1856 version of "Little

Red Riding Hood" is the high leVel of its Language. Of course it exhibits "old-

fashioned" terms no longer in uses "prithee," "quoth," "grandam," "posy," "be-

thought, "Goody," and "espied." But it also uses words which are still accepted

in standard English at a rather sophisticated level infentine," "vora_

"eloquent "demur _it" "knoll "stagnant," "trudged," "nostril," "decrepit-

"fervently," and rtal." Such words would nevtr be found on any kind of a list

of common words, such as the Dals-Chall list of 3000 "familiar" words known by

at le%st 8C of fourth-grade students."

Lengtk of Septenoes ea. Dap The language of our xhibits

y,

sophistication and depth on several other levels as wells Ou measure of mach

depth is the length:of sentencs and vordspas indicated by a readability tech

nique. Fry's procedure and graph provide * grade level for reading material

based on sentence and word length 31 Tabl I gives grade:levels accordin

rrY's graph for tw

,random from l

-each maws

seven editions of "Little-Red Ri " pulled a

_elves in order to obtains. chronologioal sampling,

1 it of aPpretely one_hundred_words_eackwere averaged

,ordertoobtain one scorei,_.,From 1001 on all versions produced a-soore o_

_

TABLE It LOY

-blication

Red Riding Hood6

ending Difficulty for Editions of "Little Red Riding Hood"According to Fry's Readability Technique

Grade Le Grade

1697 (Perrault) Ith no date tadesrly anh century

7th

1729 (Satber) 7th 1913 4th

1820 Oth 1925 7th

1854 8th 1928 7th

1866 7th 1932 5th

187- 9thww 1936 4th

1875 7th 1944 6th

1890 7th 1957 6th

1895 6th 1962 6th

1895 7th 1967 6th

1901 9thie* 1967 7th

1907 6th 1968 5th

1907 6th 1974 4th

1856 s

*VI'he.e ecoree must be conei.dered appro mate since the average numbereentances per 100 word is so low that the point falls off ths graph.

between 4th and 7th grades, with a mean score of 5.7. The only scores hi

than 7th grade were in versions before 1902, and our 1856 story tands at the

top at 9th. grade. The wean score before 1907 is 706.

KAnglelud Cogplexity a Sentences. Although sentence length correlates

highly with sentence Complezity.32 a long sentence is not necesearily complex

in thought. A string of short kernel sentencs-a long compound entence

will consist of structures available to immature language users. But mature

speakers and writrs will use subordinate °lawless, noun modifiersi verbalsi

and more oomplicated complex senteneeS.3.3 Table II presents a linguistio

Red Riding Hood7

Date

No. ofwordssampled

No. ofsentences

Averagesentencelengthin wrds

TABLE Iis Sentence ComplexityAM/

of No. ofmdje No. of

verbmls

No. ofsub.

clauses

Percentages of total numbersentenoew._

Complex',

Compound-complex

Compl& comp-

pound-. ,i

Comp.

poundSimple tives

1697 517 31 16.7 8% 36% 58 14 21

1729 524 20 26.2 45 5 10% 58 18 36

820 506 18 28.1 58% 6% 77 23 27

7- 544 14 35.9 2 65 2 68 10 18

1875 501 26 19.3 46% 1 65% 4 % 65 19 21

1890 517 31 16.7 55% 44 45 9 23

1895 501 22 23.1 23% 73% 1 51 14 26

1913 504 33 15.3 1.5% 27% 5 1 44 8 19

1928 504 36 14.0 63% 31 82 18 33

1932 515 29 17.8 21% 59% 4 2 62 9 21

1936 501 32 15.7 9% 59% 13% 28% 59 B 23

1957 526 34 15.5 9% 58% 6% 44% 63 15 20

1967 529 35 15.1 6% 43% 9% 49% 58 14 20

1968 515 44 11.7 41% 7% % zg 58% 49 9 25

1974 518 43 12.0 26% Tg 33% 9% 5 60 8 20

L856 507 19 26.7 98% 5% 95 5% 0 64 9 33.

_......-

ie of sixteen of the twenty 0Yen Vs :_ons of our tolkt.ale. Theme sixteen

versions were selected at random, again to provide a chronological eampling.

In all MOOS the first Approximately five hundred worde were used, variations

depending on where a sentence stopped. Besides averag sentence length

.qualities measured were kinds of sentenoo -omplex, compoundcomplex, a combi-

nation of these two kinds, compound, and simple number of adjective's:number

of ver -le

clause's.

Same clear çatt.rne emerge: f

plea, ge-

Red Riding Hood-6

and number of subordinate

1697 to 1974 sentences ve become

shorter, the use of complex and complex-vompound sentences irne lessened, and

simple sentences have become more ueual. There also meems to be a trend toward

fewer verbal, and for subo-d1xte clauses. Our particular 1656 version stands

out emphatically in complex or compound amp ex sentences (95%), in average

sentence length (26.7 words), in number of subordimste clauses and adjectives

used, and in the complete lack of simple sentences. Considsr, for instance,

the degree of language eophistioat on needed to understand a sentence like this

one at the climax of our story:

"The better to eat you up," exelaimed the wolf, Silo vas jUst about tomake a spring at the poor little girl, 'hen a wasp, who had followed herinto the cottage, stung the wolf in his nostril, and made him awes, aloud,vhich SAvo this signal to a towitit perched on a branch near the open case-mentp.lho called out "Tweat--tweat," shieh earned the green huntsman, vhoaccordingly let fly his arrow' that struok the wolf right through the earand killed him on the spot.

Not only is this a very long sentence--e_ -eight verde--but t ie a sentence

wherein idea is piled upon idea Within the eight stibordinate elauees are at

leaet eleven chronological events: the wasp flie into the cottage, the tom-tit

perches on a branch, the w lf cries out, the woir is about to spring on the girl,

the sae stings the wolf, the volf sneezes 'the,enee__ signals the tom-tit, the

tom-tit Galls out, the huntentn shoote an arrow, the arrow hits the ear, the

wolf dies.

bitararTagghiglislami In addition to quality of words, length of

sentences and of words, and complexit- of sentences and thus of thought, a

broader dimension enters into language soPhietications

put together. In this Mee our 1656 ver ion Xhibits a

shich consists of the uge of sOpl ts, intertor monologue, multftle

and imagery 34 11111; the wolf is at grandmo

7-1the whole is

ry- -sophistication

Red Riding Hood-9

sp the tomr.tit, and the watercress lady, mho eventually turns out to be a

fairy complete with riddle and QM gtc. It would seem to require a higher level

ur version

the readers are presented with the inner workings of both the wolf and the girl

they ponder the vents. Therefore the reader (or listen cope with

shifts from external to interior action.35 Likewise, we are exposed here to

several morels not just the usual one of being careful of strangers: first,

the difference in industriousness between a wasp and a bee; second, an exhorta-

tio to say one's prayers and pay attention to God; and third, the major point

having "goodness of heart." And, finally, there are several kinds of images

used here, ranging from the specific colors of the flowers to the si-mile of

Rad Riding Hood darting into the forest "like a frightened hare."

Conclusion

There is today e general concern in our country about a decline in the use

of the English language. This decline is evidenced in lower verbal scores on

the national Scholastic Aptitude Tests, in increased numbers of college remedial

English courses, in the years of euphemisms ard double-talk and lies during

Viet Nam and Watergate, and in the examples of "verbal atrocities" catalogued in

popular hooks such as Edwin Newman's Strictly Speaking.36 Since languuge is

thinking and thus even civilization, such concern would MOM TiMrraftied.

of thought to folloe several plots instead of just one. Alec+,

Our analysis of this 1856 version of LittleAled Riding Hood" may

cluee to one reason shy such a decline has taken places the English language

to which Children have beet exposed hal; experi wed a continual decrease in

sophistication and depth-in quality and thus exaetness of worde used, in length

of sentences and wordo in complexity of sentences and thus of thougnt, and in

the complexity and artietry with *hit* the whole is put to7-ther. Although

Ern st Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in literatumfor the profound

his simple and direct style and althea:

implify_

,he world'llse_

ffect of

Henry David

simplicity to simple0

Red Riding Hood-10

mindedness had best be stopPed. Children from the earliest ages should be

exposed to all kinds of oral language including Perhaps our 1856 nursery

and, whenever they start to learn to read, they "should be given ays 6_atic

training thrm gh the reading program so.they may develop more facility at an

earlier ago in understanding increasingly complex communieations from the printed

37PlIga This burden of building up language, and thus exorcising the thinking

-7

process instead of watering damn and decimating language, and thur leake,

the ability to think, must be placed upon teachor3, school officials, aut

publishers, librarians, paren in ahort upon us all. Otherwise, man

not even be able to "endure," much less "prevail," as William Faulkner so

lucidly spelled out the human task in his Nobel Prise acceptance speech.

SOURCES REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT

1Frederiak B. Adam "Family Friend of All the World," Wilmon Library Bulle-tin, v. 41, February 1967, p. 5731 also Jacques Barchilon, FIrrault's Tales ofMother Goose: Tba Dedioation Manuscript of 1695 Reproduced in Collotipe Fac-simile with Introduction and Critical Text New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1956

Henry Betty furserY Rhymes and Talees Their Prigin and Histort New York: HenrYHolt, 1924), pp. 16-21; John Tbackray Bunco, Fairy Tales: Their Origin andMeaning (London: Macmillan, 1878), pp. 1p5-188; Eleanor Hull, "Review of LasContee de Perrault et les Re'aits Paralleles by P. Saintrres," Folk-Lore: Trans-actions of the Folk-Lore Society, v. 35 Maroh 1924, pp. 100-101; Andrew Langeed., Perrault'g Fqpu2.ar Tales (Oxfords Clarendon PrJes, 1888), pp. lvi-lix.

Lang.,sp. cit., pp. lvi-lvii and Betts, 5,11. cit., P. 21.

4Jacques Barahilon and Henry Pettit, The Ave.uentic Mother Goose Fairy lea(Denver, Alan Swallow, 1960), p. 13, and Parcival Horace Muir, Znglidh ChildrenBooks 1600 to 1900 Londons B.T. Batsfoidv 1954), p. 39.

5Barchilon and Pettit, aboit., p. 10.

&William and Cecil Baring-Gould, The Annotated Mother 00003 (New York, ClarkaonN. Potter, 1962), pp. 16-17.

7Muir, 22. cit., p. 49.

8Pan1 Delarue, ed., The_ kausl Book or French Folk Ales (New Yorks Nnop t1956), p. 10.

9Stith Thompson, The ,Folktala (New York Holt5 Rinehart and-Winston, 1 46),

10Barchilon and Pettit, -at. cit., p. 13, and Alexander Haggerty Krappe, 32NL_kienCe:Ofyelklori:(New Yorks W.W. Nortionl:154 ), 38.

12Darton, Children p2ok i 3n4

mamma

_.nive ra Preac, 1966),

13Barchilon and Pettit, 22. cit., p. 29.

14Barchilon, 1956, 92. AI" p. 14.

15Rarchilon and Pettit, o ci p. 10.

1611", P. 10.

17Charles Evans, American RiblioaTaPhy (New York: Peter 5rnith 1942), v. 10, P. 169.

18Barchilon and Pettit, 22. at.. p. 7.

19Delarueo IE. cit., pp. 381-382.

2°01irt cit., P. 40, and Mary F. ThsAi(London* Library Aseociation,_1972 )- p. 36.

Thsaite, Ibid.., PP. 98400.

rry B. Vets- Littlo Red Riding Hood Tren_ons privately printed , 1939),

_o Pleasu_ in Res

23rbid.

241.14. Lee Folk Tals of All Nations New Yorks

25Maria Leach, ed., maFunk and Wagnslls, 1949

&t&rd plaits=p. 1166-67.

t. PP. .4667

F lkl (NewYorks

261bitley Stokes, Lflve. of Sank* (Oxfords Clarendon Press, 1890), p: 286, see9200 Stith ThalP03n0::wakilatt of L LiterAtnie Blaimingion indiara-Indiana University Press, 19554956), tyPes,T511.202 and B376.

27J.S. HeUscher0, Psychiatric: gt:_jk of Bilc Tales (Springfield, IllinoissThomas, 1963 )p'PP. 7679.-

,28Richard M. Do eon, ed.,-Folklorw a- -Folklif__ I troduotion (University of Chicago Press, 1972375. 28.

29"Litt1s Black Riding Hood," Young FilAtmakers' Festival,-FoUrth Natiopresented by the Publio Broadeasting Service,-june 20-21, 1975.

8.

30Bdgar Dale and Jeanne s..chaug- "A, Formula -for Predict_ bility,"tiowl- Hesetirsh`WieLV., vo 'XV/119- January 21 and, Yebrua_ , 1948-11-20,-, 28, --37-4.

.,

31BduarctApril _196_

"0-44-4

New Reading Material:18, April 1975, pp. 531-534.

Red Riding Hood-12

Jun or Novel, Journal of &SUB&

53-rbid.

36"Canot Anyone Here Speak English?" nab VI 106, Auguet 25, 1975, p. 340

"Jean E. Robertson, "Pupil Underetanding of Connectives in Reading," ReadingReseardm quarterly, v. nil Spring 1968, pp. 387-411.

Editions of "Little R lading Hood"

The Arthur Rackhme %ITT Book. Philadelphia: Lippincott, no t.

Coueems, P.W. A Child's Book of Stories. New York: Duffield and Co., 1913.

The Entertainigg Story of Little fl =_ng Hood moi Tom Thumb's Ta. YorkEnglandz J. Kendrew, 1820.

Caldone, Paul. ittl e Red Riding Hood. York: McGraw Hill, 1974.

Johnson Clifton, ed. The pak!Trloo at& Book. Boston: Little Broin, 1925.

Lang' Andrew, ed. The Red atm.,. Books London: Longman, Greene 1890.

Lee, R. H. Folk Tale' of All-Nations.- New York: GowardAkCann, 1932.

Little Red Riding Hood. New York: Golden Press, 1967.

Little Red Bilksialtd. New Yorks McLoughlin Brothers, 1856 lAunt Mary"$,Se187 Uncle Fipin's Series); 1875 (Aunt Friendly's Colorod Floture Books

*other Goose _-_rserv sand:Itim.TS1ee. London: George Routledge, 1895.

Perrault, Charls. Historiee or Talee of Fast Ttmee, tr. Robert Ss:Mb:or. London:

J. Pote and R. Montagu, 1729.

------. PerrAult's COsPlete Fairs Tales,Dodd, Mead, 1861.

r. A.E. John.on and other., Now Yorks

The Renowned:History of Little Red Riding Hood.:

Rhys, Ernest. Fairy_ G i A Book of Old Mira& DI= Tales. London: J.M. Dent 1

Steel, Flora A.,Englieh Fairy lalm. New York: Macndllan C., 1962.

Stories that W Alms the Ch4147en Little BALRiding Hood. Chicago: NZ.Comkey, 1907,

Story of 14ttle Red Nang Hood. London: Good Clerkenwell Green, 1854.

The k 'of Nurieri 'New York: ,Harper'ind Raw-1944.

Tanan, b

--A ,Treamare- Meet e_ uri

Watson, Nancy D., adapter. TheCarden City Books, 1957.

Watts, Bernadette, tr. Little Be jr4 flEdImag, Brothers Grimm. Clevelands

World Publishing Co., 1968.

Red Riding Hood...13

Picture Book. Garden City' R.Y.s

W013, B. Ethel' arranger. Cinderella- Jaok the Giant Killer, Little RedHood and Other Favorita-Ealn Tales. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1928.

_al of 1856 "Little Red mans Hood"

TITLE PAGE (and front cover)i AUNT MARY'S SERIESLIT= RED RIDING HOOD

PUbliehed by McLoughlin Brothers, 24 Beckman Street, New YorkEntered according to Act of Congress:, in the year 1856, by McLoughlin Bros., in

the Clerk's Offic of the Dig-trio* Court of the UoSeg for the Southern Dixtriet of N.T.

In a retired and pleasant village there once lived a little girl, who vas oneof the prettiest children ever seen. Her mother loved her to excess, and as to hergrandmother, the vas doatingly fond of her, and looked upon her as the delight ofher eyes, and the comfort of her declining years. The good old dame had a littlehood of scarlet velvet made for her darling, vhich became her so daintily, thatfor miles round she had been nicknamed Little Red Riding Hood.

Gee day, when her mother had inked a batch of cakes she said to Little RedRiding Hoods "I hear your poor grandam has been ailing, so, prithee, go and see ifshe be any better, and take her this cake-and a-little-pot-of butter." Little-Red --if

Riding Hood, Who was& willing child, and elvays ready to be useful, put the thingsinto a basket, and immediately set off for the village where ger grandmother lived,which lay on the other side of a thick wood. As she reached the outskirts of theforest, the met a wolf, who would have liked vastly to have devoured her at once,had there not been some wood-auttrs near at hand, wham he feared might kill himin turn. So he sidled up to the little girl, and said, in as winning& tone ai hecould assume, "Good morning, Little Red Riding Hood." "Good morning, Master Wolf

newered she, who had no idea of being afraid of so civil spoken an animal. "And

pray where may you be going so early?" quoth the wolf. "I am going to my grand-mother's," replied Little Red Riding Hood, who thought there could be no ham intelling hte. "Ind what aro you carrying in your basket, my pretty little maid?"continued the volf, miffing its contents. "Why, a cake and a pot of butter,"answered simple Little Red Riding Hood, "because grandmother has been ill," "And

where does poor grandmsnma livnl" inquired the wolf, in a tone of great interest."Down beyond the mill, an the other side of the wood," said I she. "Well " cried the

wolf, "I don't minclif I gp and see'her too. So I'll take this roe4 and do yougo through the wood; -aid ve'll Nee which of us ehall be there first.

Now,_ the wily wolf knew well enough that he Wield be the,winner itt_inach a:ractsletting ,alone hielronr:foot iitinot'!pooi Rod;Ridiii Rood! 5 _ WO

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Red Riding Hood-14

voice as best he might. "I have come to bring you a cake and a pot of butter tbmother sends you." "Lift the latch, and the bolt will fall." The wolf did sotand in he went, and, without saying a word mores he fell upon the poor old creatuand ate her up in no time, for be had not tasted food for the last three days. Henext shut the door, and putting on the grandam's nightcap and nightgom, he got intothe bed, drew the curtains arsd buried his head in the pillow, and kept laughing inhis sleeve at the trick he meant to put upon poor Little Red Riding Hood, andwondering how long it would be before she came.

Meanwhile Little Red Riding Hood rambled through the wood With child-like gleesstopping every now and then to listen to the birds that were singing so sweetly onthe green bought, and picking strawberries, which the knew her grandam loved to eatwith cream, till she had nearly filled her basket; nor had she neglected to gatherall'the pretty flowers, red, blue, whits, or yellows that hid their sweet littleheads amidst the moss; and of these her apron vas at Dist so full, that she mat downunder a tree to sort thew and wind them into a swath

'While she was thus occupied, a mop came bussing along and delighted at fiso sway flowers without the trouble of searching for them, he began to drink uptheir honey very voraciously. Little Red Riding Hood knew well the difference of awasp and bee--how lazy the ones and how induetrious the other, yet, as they areall God's creatures, she wouldn't kill it, and only maids "Take as much honey asyou likes poor wasp, only do not sting me." The wasp inured louder, ass if to thankher for her kindness, ands when he had sipped his fill, flew away. Presently, alittIe tom-tit, mho had been hopping about on a bough opposite, darted down on thebasket, and pecked at one of the strawberries. "Eat as much as you like, pretty tons-.tits" said Little Red Riding Hoods "there will be still plenty left for uandam andfor me." The tom-tit replied, -"Tweat--tweat--," in his own eloquent language; andsafter gobbling up at least three ,strawherries, flew assays and me sool2 out of_ sightLittle Rod Riding Hood now bethought her it was time to go on; 7 so putting her wreathinto her baskets she tripped along dmnurely enough, till the earn to a brook, whereshe saw an aged crone, almost bent doubles seeking for something along the bank."What are you looking for Goody?" said the little girl. "For witer-cresses, myPretty said," mumbled the poor old vsnzln; "and a sorry trade it iss that does notearn me half bread enough to eat." Little Red RidLng Hood thought it very hArd the,poor old creature should work and be hungry too, so she drew from her pocket a largepiece of bread, uhieh her mother had given her to eat by the way, and skid, "Sitdown, Goody, and eat this's and I will gather your vater-cressoi for you." The oldwoona willingly accepted the- offer, and sat down on a knoll,. while Little Red RiHood set to work in good,eirnests and had presently filledl her basket With water-,creases. When her task'sas finished, the-old -crone rose up.ibriskly 2" and pitting tlittle einiid's head, said, in quit a --different voic you, my pretty:LitRed RidIng Hood, and now, if-you-happen to mei the, green' huntsman as you,-gu alepray give him ray rospecti, hit there inz_thejiirid." Little,Red;Hood promieed to do .50- and waiked-'oirbat -_presintay ,she -looked lyzick to see, howold woman saa getting Long, butsilook as! *ZIT- as shi light; -die could -see rioof hers- nor ,of -her vater-oresses. "-` She ,"isiessid:.te- hews vaisished clean out 'of at"It is very: odds" thought Litti. Hie Riding Hood,.to hirielf21- 4:for surelY"faster, than she. n she k t- 1 -4_ ut hers',,and-prying'Into,a11,-;thelbeito see for_ Ike greenhuntsarj, sham ;pile had never beard of-be ores a !sclera&

, ,th0-01d4van b94,4kOn ea0 ol of stagrm.nt latex grass, and

into' it 2 as.,Little A before5 thou'e- that' same '2May.,,e

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his bows without taking any farther notice o

onwards wondering What it all meant.

Presently the little girl reached her grandmother's wel -known co tage, andknocked at the door. "lho is there?" cried the wolf, forgetting to disguise hisvoice. Little Red Riding Hood vas somewhat startled at first; then thinking hergrandam had a bad cold that made her very hearse, she answered: "It is your grandchildiLittle Red Riding Hood, who has brought you a mike, and a little pet of butter, which,:12mother sends you." The golf then softened his voice a little, as he replied: "Liftthe latch, and the bolt will fall." Little Red Riding Hood did as dile was told, andentered the cottage. The wolf then hid his head under the bed-clothes, and maid: "the eake and the pot of butter on the shelf, my dear, and come and help me to rise.Little Red Riding Hood sot down her basket, and then went and drew back tha eurtaineshshe was much surprised to see how oddly her grandmother looked in her night-clothes.

"Dear mel grandmamma," maid the little girl, "what long arms you have goti"The better to hug you my child," answered the wolf.

But, grandmamma, what long oars you have got: persisted Litt"The better to listen to you, my child," replied the wolf.

"But, grandmamma, what large iyes you hav got: continued the"The better to see you, my child," maid the wolf.

"But, grandmamma, what terrible large ttieth you have got: cried Little RedRiding Hood, who now began to be frightened.

"The better to eat you up," Xclaimed the wolf, who vas just about to make aspring at the poor little girl, when a wasp, who had followed-her-into-the cottagesstung the wolf in his nostril, and made him sneeze aloud, which gave the signal toa,tom-tit perched on a branch near the open casement, 'mho called out "Tweat--tisat,"which warned the gresn,hunteman, Who accordingly let fly his arrow, that struck thewoIf right through the ear and killed him on the spot.

Little Red Riding Hood vas to frightened, even after the wolf had fallen backdead, that Ohs bounced out of the cottage, and, shutting the door, darted into theforst like a frightened hare, and ran till ihe vas out of breath, when she droppdown quite exhausted under a tree.

Red Riding Ho

Little Red Riding Hood, who trudged

Red Ridin &RA,

Here'ehe discovered that she had mistaken the road, 'hong to her great reliefShe:espied her old,friend the vateroress womanvat same distance; and, feelingz'

, she Oeuld ippon:Overtake the aged diasuilie againset off fialling:out'tp_herSiiii-noir'and then0O:;_stop'.::: The old crone wewer,:seemed:too;deat to hearvand,it.;.

tonot:tilltheylhadreaChed tbe skirt* of the fOristthitehiCrturned-rOUnd,:when,,,,Little'Rect,Ridingjliod's surprises sb. rceived & young and beautif41,being-ia -0of:theAeCrisPWoriatUre she-thougirt-sh following.

"Little ..RWRiHeed_

or .e. ..._our,gooheart hie:. sAWOC You rroi a the poo1deatiwoman,: She Twold:netlhave sent w rdto the gr.enafltn,to--martall*iiiteee*ie!. e d.n omit

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former'opuld not have' l -zegiven the b11

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