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TRANSCRIPT
Alkane
ˈalkeɪn/
any of the series of saturated hydrocarbons including methane, ethane, propane, and higher members
Alkene
ˈalkiːn/
any of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a double bond, including ethylene and propene
Alkyne
ˈalkʌɪn/
any of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a triple bond, including acetylene
Alveolus
ˌalvɪˈəʊləs,alˈvɪələs/
any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
Amplitude
ˈamplɪtjuːd/
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.
Analysis
əˈnalɪsɪs/
detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
Ancillary
anˈsɪləri/
providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, system, etc.
Angstrom
ˈaŋstrəm/
a unit of length equal to one hundred-millionth of a centimetre, 10−10 metre, used mainly to express wavelengths and interatomic distances.
Anion
ˈanʌɪən/
a negatively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
Assumption
əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/
a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.
Borax
ˈbɔːraks/
a white compound which occurs as a mineral in some alkaline salt deposits and is used in making glass and ceramics, as a metallurgical flux, and as an antiseptic.
Beta
ˈbiːtə/
the second letter of the Greek alphabet ( Β, β ), transliterated as ‘b’, denoting the second of a series of items, categories, forms of a chemical compound, etc.
Buoyancy
ˈbɔɪənsi/
the ability or tendency of something to float in water or other fluid.
Beam
biːm/
a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal used to support the roof or floor of a building.
Buckling
ˈbʌklɪŋ/
a sudden failure of a structural member subjected to high compressive stress, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less than the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding.
Barometer
bəˈrɒmɪtə/
an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting the weather and determining altitude.
Bioinformatics
ˌbʌɪəʊˌɪnfəˈmatɪks/
the science of collecting and analysing complex biological data such as genetic codes.
Bacterium
bakˈtɪərɪəm/
a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some which can cause disease.
Biochemical (adjective)
ˌbʌɪəʊˈkɛmɪk(ə)l/
relating to the chemical processes and substances which occur within living organisms.
Biodiversity
ˌbʌɪə(ʊ)dʌɪˈvəːsɪti/
the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable.
Catabolism
kəˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/
the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
Cytosol
ˈsʌɪtə(ʊ)sɒl/
the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.
Cytoskeleton
ˈsʌɪtəʊˌskɛlɪt(ə)n/
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
Catalyst
ˈkat(ə)lɪst/
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.Chromoplast
ˈkrəʊməplast,-plɑːst/
a coloured plastid other than a chloroplast, typically containing a yellow or orange pigment.
Criticism
ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/
the expression of disapproval of someone or something on the basis of perceived faults or mistakes.
Cruise (verb)
kruːz/
sail about in an area without a precise destination, especially for pleasure.
Cation
ˈkatʌɪən/
a positively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
Capacitance
kəˈpasɪt(ə)ns/
the ability of a system to store an electric charge.
Chromatography
ˌkrəʊməˈtɒgrəfi/
a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
Delta
ˈdɛltə/
the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Δ, δ ), transliterated as ‘d’.
Density
ˈdɛnsɪti/
the degree of compactness of a substance.
Distillation
ˌdɪstɪˈleɪʃn/
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
Dimension
dɪˈmɛnʃ(ə)n,dʌɪ-/
a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height.
Displacement
dɪsˈpleɪsm(ə)nt/
the action of moving something from its place or position.
Dynamics
dʌɪˈnamɪks/
the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces.
Deficiency
dɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/
a lack or shortage.
Dominance
ˈdɒmɪnəns/
the phenomenon whereby, in an individual containing two allelic forms of a gene, one is expressed to the exclusion of the other.
Differentiation
ˌdɪfərɛnʃɪˈeɪʃn/
the action or process of differentiating.
Distance
ˈdɪst(ə)ns/
the length of the space between two points.
Ellipse
ɪˈlɪps/
a regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points (the foci) is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base.
Enzyme
ˈɛnzʌɪm/
a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Electrophoresis
ɪˌlɛktrə(ʊ)fəˈriːsɪs/
the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field.
Electron
ɪˈlɛktrɒn/
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Elasticity
ɛlaˈstɪsɪti,iː-,ɪ-/
the ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed; stretchiness.
Elastomerɪˈlastəmə/
a natural or synthetic polymer having elastic properties, e.g. rubber.
Energy
ˈɛnədʒi/
the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity.
Equilibrium
ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm,ˌɛkwɪ-/
a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
Event
ɪˈvɛnt/
A set of possible outcomes resulting from a particular experiment.
Electromagnetism
ɪˌlɛktrəʊˈmagnɪtɪz(ə)m/
the phenomenon of the interaction of electric currents or fields and magnetic fields.
Fructose
ˈfrʌktəʊz,-s/
a sugar of the hexose class found especially in honey and fruit.
Fluorescence
flʊəˈrɛs(ə)ns,flɔː-/
the visible or invisible radiation produced from certain substances as a result of incident radiation of a shorter wavelength such as X-rays or ultraviolet light.
Finite (adjective)
ˈfʌɪnʌɪt/
limited in size or extentFunction
ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/
a relation or expression involving one or more variables.
Fullerene
ˈfʊləriːn/
a form of carbon having a large spheroidal molecule consisting of a hollow cage of sixty or more atoms, of which buckminsterfullerene was the first known example.
Force
fɔːs/
strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.
Friction
ˈfrɪkʃ(ə)n/
the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
Fluid
ˈfluːɪd/
a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure; a gas or (especially) a liquid.
Fusion
ˈfjuːʒ(ə)n/
the process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity.
Frequency
ˈfriːkw(ə)nsi/
the rate at which something occurs over a particular period of time or in a given sample.
Gene
dʒiːn/
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Gas
gas/
an air-like fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity.
Graphite
ˈgrafʌɪt/
a grey crystalline allotropic form of carbon which occurs as a mineral in some rocks and can be made from coke.
Geometry
dʒɪˈɒmɪtri/
the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, surfaces, solids, and higher dimensional analogues.
Geocentric (adjective)
dʒiːə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk/
having or representing the earth as the centre, as in former astronomical systems.
Geostationary (adjective)
dʒiːə(ʊ)ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/
(of an artificial satellite of the earth) moving in a circular geosynchronous orbit in the plane of the equator, so that it appears to be stationary in the sky above a fixed point on the surface.
Gravity
ˈgravɪti/
the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.
Genetics
dʒɪˈnɛtɪks/
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Gill
gɪl/
the paired respiratory organ of fish and some amphibians, by which oxygen is extracted from water flowing over surfaces within or attached to the walls of the pharynx.
Glucose
ˈgluːkəʊs,-z/
a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Hydrogen
ˈhʌɪdrədʒ(ə)n/
a colourless, odourless, highly flammable gas, the chemical element of atomic number 1.
Halogen
ˈhalədʒ(ə)n,ˈheɪl-/
any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table.
Hydrolysis
hʌɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/
the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
Hydrate
ˈhʌɪdreɪt/
a compound, typically a crystalline one, in which water molecules are chemically bound to another compound or an element.
Heat
hiːt/
the quality of being hot; high temperature.
Harmonic
hɑːˈmɒnɪk/
a component frequency of an oscillation or wave.
Hertz
həːts/
the SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.
Heliocentric (adjective)
ˌhiːlɪə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk/
having or representing the sun as the centre, as in the accepted astronomical model of the solar system.
Hydraulics
hʌɪˈdrɔːlɪks,-ˈdrɒlɪks/
the branch of science and technology concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of mechanical force or control.
Hexose
ˈhɛksəʊz,-s/
any of the class of simple sugars whose molecules contain six carbon atoms, such as glucose and fructose.
Isotope
ˈʌɪsətəʊp/
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Isoelectronic (adjective)
ˌʌɪsəʊɪlɛkˈtrɒnɪk,-ɛl-/
having the same numbers of electrons or the same electronic structure.
Ion
ˈʌɪən/
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Impulse
ˈɪmpʌls/
a force acting briefly on a body and producing a finite change of momentum.
Interference
ɪntəˈfɪər(ə)ns/
the combination of two or more electromagnetic waveforms to form a resultant wave in which the displacement is either reinforced or cancelled.
Intellectual
ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃʊəl,-tjʊəl/
a person possessing a highly developed intellect.
Insulin
ˈɪnsjʊlɪn/
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
Interphase
ˈɪntəfeɪz/
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Intercellular
ɪntəˈsɛljʊlə/
located or occurring between cells.
Intron
ˈɪntrɒn/
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Joule
dʒuːl/
The joule, symbol J, is a derived unit of energy, work, or amount of heat in the International System of Units
Jerk
dʒəːk/
a quick, sharp, sudden movement.
Jet
dʒɛt/
a rapid stream of liquid or gas forced out of a small opening.
Java
ˈdʒɑːvə/
a general-purpose computer programming language designed to produce programs that will run on any computer system.
Just (adjective)
dʒʌst/
based on or behaving according to what is morally right and fair.
Joliotium
ˌdʒɒlɪˈəʊtɪəm/
the name proposed by IUPAC for the chemical element of atomic number 105, now called dubnium.
Jaw
dʒɔː/
each of the upper and lower bony structures in vertebrates forming the framework of the mouth and containing the teeth.
Joystick
ˈdʒɔɪstɪk/
an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
Joypad
an input device for a computer games console which uses buttons to control the motion of an image on the screen.
Joint
dʒɔɪnt/
a point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined.
Kinematics
ˌkɪnɪˈmatɪks,ˌkʌɪn-/
the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces which cause the motion.
Kinetic (adjective)
kɪˈnɛtɪk,kʌɪ-/
relating to or resulting from motion.
Ketosis
kɪˈtəʊsɪs/
a condition characterized by raised levels of ketone bodies in the body, associated with abnormal fat metabolism and diabetes mellitus.
Kilogram
ˈkɪləgram/
the SI unit of mass, equivalent to the international standard kept at Sèvres near Paris (approximately 2.205 lb).
ketone
ˈkiːtəʊn/
an organic compound containing a carbonyl group =C=O bonded to two hydrocarbon groups, made by oxidizing secondary alcohols.
Kelvin
ˈkɛlvɪn/
the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius.
Karyotype
ˈkarɪə(ʊ)tʌɪp/
the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
Kilowatt
ˈkɪləwɒt/
a measure of one thousand watts of electrical power.
Krypton
ˈkrɪptɒn/
the chemical element of atomic number 36, a member of the noble gas series. It is obtained by distillation of liquid air, and is used in some kinds of electric light.
Kurchatovium
ˌkəːtʃəˈtəʊvɪəm/
a name proposed in the Soviet Union for the artificial radioactive element of atomic number 104, now called rutherfordium.
Liquid
ˈlɪkwɪd/
a substance that flows freely but is of constant volume, having a consistency like that of water or oil.
Lanthanide
ˈlanθənʌɪd/
any of the series of fifteen metallic elements from lanthanum to lutetium in the periodic table (atomic numbers 57–71).
Literature
ˈlɪt(ə)rətʃə/
written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
Lithium
ˈlɪθɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 3, a soft silver-white metal. It is the lightest of the alkali metals.
Lymphocyte
a form of small leucocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system.
Light
lʌɪt/
the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible.
Lamella
ləˈmɛlə/
a thin layer, membrane, or plate of tissue, especially in bone.
Lumen
ˈluːmən/
the central cavity of a tubular or other hollow structure in an organism or cell.
Lipid
ˈlɪpɪd/
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Lysosome
ˈlʌɪsəsəʊm/
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Magnesium
magˈniːzɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 12, a silver-white metal of the alkaline earth series.
Membrane
ˈmɛmbreɪn/
a pliable sheet-like structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism.
Motion
ˈməʊʃ(ə)n
the action or process of moving or being moved.
Momentum
məˈmɛntəm/
the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.
Mass
mas/
a large body of matter with no definite shape
Mole
məʊl/
the SI unit of amount of substance, equal to the quantity containing as many elementary units as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12.
Matter
ˈmatə/
physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, especially as distinct from energy.
Molecule
ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Microscope
ˈmʌɪkrəskəʊp/
an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times.
Modelling
ˈmɒd(ə)lɪŋ/
the activity of making three-dimensional models.
Node
nəʊd/
the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling.
Neutron
ˈnjuːtrɒn/
a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.
Nucleon
ˈnjuːklɪɒn/
a proton or neutron.
Nucleus
ˈnjuːklɪəs/
the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
Nucleotide
ˈnjuːklɪətʌɪd/
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Nitrogen
ˈnʌɪtrədʒ(ə)n/
the chemical element of atomic number 7, a colourless, odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78 per cent of the earth's atmosphere.
Neon
ˈniːɒn/
the chemical element of atomic number 10, an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group.
Ninhydrin
nɪnˈhʌɪdrɪn/
a synthetic crystalline compound which forms deeply coloured products with primary amines and is used in analytical tests for amino acids.
Nitrate
a salt or ester of nitric acid, containing the anion NO3− or the group —NO3
Nitrite
ˈnʌɪtrʌɪt/
a salt or ester of nitrous acid, containing the anion NO2− or the group —NO2.
Optics
ˈɒptɪks/
the scientific study of sight and the behaviour of light, or the properties of transmission and deflection of other forms of radiation.
Orbit
ˈɔːbɪt/
the regularly repeated elliptical course of a celestial object or spacecraft about a star or planet.
Organism
ˈɔːg(ə)nɪz(ə)m/
an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Origin
ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/
a fixed point from which coordinates are measured
Oscillation
ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃn/
movement back and forth in a regular rhythm.
Osmosis
ɒzˈməʊsɪs/
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
Oxidant
ˈɒksɪd(ə)nt/
an oxidizing agent.
Oxidation
ɒksɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
the process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized.
Oxygen
ˈɒksɪdʒ(ə)n/
a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.
Ozone
ˈəʊzəʊn/
a colourless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odour and powerful oxidizing properties, formed from oxygen by electrical discharges or ultraviolet light.
Parallax
ˈparəlaks/
the effect whereby the position or direction of an object appears to differ when viewed from different positions, e.g. through the viewfinder and the lens of a camera.
Permeability
pəːmɪəˈbɪlɪti/
a quantity measuring the influence of a substance on the magnetic flux in the region it occupies.
Permittivity
ˌpəːmɪˈtɪvɪti/
the ability of a substance to store electrical energy in an electric field.
Phospholipid
ˌfɒsfə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/
a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g. phosphatidylcholine.
Pitch
pɪtʃ/
the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.
Plasticity
plaˈstɪsɪti/
the quality of being easily shaped or moulded.
Power
ˈpaʊə/
the ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way.Pressure
ˈprɛʃə/
continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.
Projectile (adjective)
prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛktʌɪl,-tɪl/
propelled with great force.
Pulse
pʌls/
a single disturbance that moves through a medium from one point to the next point.
Quantum
ˈkwɒntəm/
a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents.
Quotient
ˈkwəʊʃ(ə)nt/
a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another.
Quark
kwɑːk,kwɔːk/
any of a number of subatomic particles carrying a fractional electric charge, postulated as building blocks of the hadrons.
Quadrivalent (adjective)
ˌkwɒdrɪˈveɪl(ə)nt/
having a valency of four.
Quadrupole
ˈkwɒdrʊpəʊl/
a distribution of electric charge or magnetization consisting of four equal monopoles, or two equal dipoles, arranged close together with alternating polarity and operating as a unit.
Quartz
kwɔːts/
a hard mineral consisting of silica, found widely in igneous and metamorphic rocks and typically occurring as colourless or white hexagonal prisms.
Quadrant
ˈkwɒdr(ə)nt/
each of four quarters of a circle.
Quantitative (adjective)
ˈkwɒntɪˌtətɪv,-ˌteɪtɪv/
relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality.
Qualitative (adjective)
ˈkwɒlɪtətɪv/
relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.
Quench (verb)
kwɛn(t)ʃ/
rapidly cool (red-hot metal or other material), especially in cold water or oil.
Radar
ˈreɪdɑː/
an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects.
Radian
ˈreɪdɪən/
a unit of measurement of angles equal to about 57.3°, equivalent to the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius.
Radiation
reɪdɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.
Radical
ˈradɪk(ə)l/
a group of atoms behaving as a unit in a number of compounds.
Radioactive (adjective)
ˌreɪdɪəʊˈaktɪv/
emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.
Radium
ˈreɪdɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 88, a rare radioactive metal of the alkaline earth series.
Ray
reɪ/
each of the lines in which light (and heat) may seem to stream from the sun or any luminous body, or pass through a small opening.
Reductionism
rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m/
the practice of analysing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of its simple or fundamental constituents, especially when this is said to provide a sufficient explanation.
Resonance
ˈrɛz(ə)nəns/
the property of having a molecular structure which cannot adequately be represented by a single structural formula but is a composite of two or more structures of higher energy.
Ribosome
ˈrʌɪbə(ʊ)səʊm/
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
Scalar (adjective)
ˈskeɪlə/
(of a quantity) having only magnitude, not direction.
Smog
smɒg/
fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants.
Sound
saʊnd/
vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear.
Speed
spiːd/
the rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Strain (verb)
streɪn/
the magnitude of a deformation, equal to the change in the dimension of a deformed object divided by its original dimension.
Streamline (verb)
ˈstriːmlʌɪn/
design or provide with a form that presents very little resistance to a flow of air or water, increasing speed and ease of movement.
Stress
strɛs/
pressure or tension exerted on a material object.
Silicon
ˈsɪlɪk(ə)n/
the chemical element of atomic number 14, a non-metal with semiconducting properties, used in making electronic circuits.
Symmetry
ˈsɪmɪtri/
the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.
Syngas
ˈsɪngas/
short for synthesis gas.
Temperature
ˈtɛmp(ə)rətʃə/
the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch.
Tension
ˈtɛnʃ(ə)n/
the state of being stretched tight.
Thermodynamics
ˌθəːmə(ʊ)dʌɪˈnamɪks/
a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
Thymine
ˈθʌɪmiːn/
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
Torque
tɔːk/
a force that tends to cause rotation.
Transcription
tranˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n,trɑːn-/
the process of transcribing RNA, with existing DNA serving as a template, or vice versa.
Translation
transˈleɪʃ(ə)n,trɑːns-,-nz-/
the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein.
Trigonometry
ˌtrɪgəˈnɒmɪtri/
the branch of mathematics dealing with the relations of the sides and angles of triangles and with the relevant functions of any angles.
Tritium
ˈtrɪtɪəm/
a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a mass approximately three times that of the usual isotope.
Tune
tjuːn/
a melody, especially one which characterizes a certain piece of music.
Ultracentrifuge
ʌltrəˈsɛntrɪfjuːdʒ/
a very fast centrifuge used to precipitate large biological molecules from solution or separate them by their different rates of sedimentation.
Ultrasonic (adjective)
ʌltrəˈsɒnɪk/
of or involving sound waves with a frequency above the upper limit of human hearing.
Unicellular (adjective)
ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə/
(of protozoans, certain algae, spores, etc.) consisting of a single cell.
Unification
ˌjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
the process of being united or made into a whole.
Union
ˈjuːnjən,-ɪən/
the set that comprises all the elements (and no others) contained in any of two or more given sets.
Unit
ˈjuːnɪt/
a quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other quantities may be expressed.
Univalent
ˌjuːnɪˈveɪl(ə)nt/
another term for monovalent.
Upthrust
ˈʌpθrʌst/
the upward force that a liquid or gas exerts on a body floating in it.
Uracil
ˈjʊərəsɪl/
a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA it is replaced by thymine.
Uranium
jʊˈreɪnɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 92, a dense grey radioactive metal used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.
Vacuum
ˈvakjʊəm/
a space entirely devoid of matter.
Valence
ˈveɪl(ə)ns/
relating to or denoting electrons involved in or available for chemical bond formation.
Vanadium
vəˈneɪdɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 23, a hard grey metal of the transition series, used to make alloy steels.
Vane
veɪn/
a broad blade attached to a rotating axis or wheel which pushes or is pushed by wind or water.
Vector
ˈvɛktə/
a quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another.
Velocity
vɪˈlɒsɪti/
the speed of something in a given direction.
Vibration
vʌɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/
an instance of vibrating.
Viscosity
vɪˈskɒsɪti/
the state of being thick, sticky, and semi-fluid in consistency, due to internal friction.
Voltage
ˈvəʊltɪdʒ,ˈvɒltɪdʒ/
an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.
Volume
ˈvɒljuːm/
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container.
Water
ˈwɔːtə/
a colourless, transparent, odourless, liquid which forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms.
Watt
wɒt/
the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the rate of consumption of energy in an electric circuit where the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere.
Watt-hour
wɒt-ˈaʊə/
a measure of electrical energy equivalent to a power consumption of one watt for one hour.
Wattmeter
ˈwɒtmiːtə/
a meter for measuring electric power in watts.
Wave
weɪv/
a periodic disturbance of the particles of a substance which may be propagated without net movement of the particles
Waveform
ˈweɪvfɔːm/
a curve showing the shape of a wave at a given time.
Wavelengthˈweɪvlɛŋθ,-lɛŋkθ/
the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
Weight
weɪt/
a body's relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it, giving rise to a downward force; the heaviness of a person or thing.
Whey
weɪ/
the watery part of milk that remains after the formation of curds.
Work
wəːk/
the exertion of force overcoming resistance or producing molecular change.
X
ɛks/
the first unknown quantity in an algebraic expression, usually the independent variable.
Xanthate
ˈzanθeɪt/
a salt or ester of xanthic acid.
Xanthine
ˈzanθiːn/
a crystalline compound found in blood and urine which is an intermediate in the metabolic breakdown of nucleic acids to uric acid.
Xanthophyll
ˈzanθə(ʊ)fɪl/
a yellow or brown carotenoid plant pigment which causes the autumn colours of leaves.
x-axis
ɛks-ˈaksɪs/
the principal or horizontal axis of a system of coordinates, points along which have a value of zero for all other coordinates.
Xenobiotic (adjective)
ˌzɛnə(ʊ)bʌɪˈɒtɪk/
relating to or denoting a substance, typically a synthetic chemical, that is foreign to the body or to an ecological system.
Xenogamy
zɛˈnɒgəmi/
fertilization of a flower by pollen from a flower on a genetically different plant.
Xenon
ˈzɛnɒn,ˈziː-/
the chemical element of atomic number 54, a member of the noble gas series. It is obtained by distillation of liquid air, and is used in some specialized electric lamps.
X-ray
ˈɛksreɪ/
an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials opaque to light.
Xylem
ˈzʌɪləm/
the vascular tissue in plants which conducts water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.
Yard
jɑːd/
a unit of linear measure equal to 3 feet (0.9144 metre).
y-axis
ˈwaɪ-ˈaksɪs/
the secondary or vertical axis of a system of coordinates, points along which have a value of zero for all other coordinates.
Year
jɪə,jəː/
the time taken by the earth to make one revolution around the sun.
yeast
jiːst/
a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
yocto- (combining form)
ˈjɒktəʊ/
(used in units of measurement) denoting a factor of 10−24.
Yolk
jəʊk/
the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, which is surrounded by the white, is rich in protein and fat, and nourishes the developing embryo.
yotta- (combining form)
ˈjɒtə/
(used in units of measurement) denoting a factor of 1024.
Ytterbium
ɪˈtəːbɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 70, a silvery-white metal of the lanthanide series.
Yttrium
ˈɪtrɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 39, a greyish-white metal generally included among the rare earth elements.
Zeolite
ˈziːəlʌɪt/
any of a large group of minerals consisting of hydrated aluminosilicates of sodium, potassium, calcium, and barium.
Zepto- (combining form)
ˈzɛptəʊ/
(used in units of measurement) denoting a factor of 10−21
Zero (noun)
ˈzɪərəʊ/
no quantity or number; nought; the figure 0.
zetta- (combining form)
ˈzɛtə/
(used in units of measurement) denoting a factor of 1021.
Zinc
zɪŋk/
the chemical element of atomic number 30, a silvery-white metal which is a constituent of brass and is used for coating (galvanizing) iron and steel to protect against corrosion.
Zincateˈzɪŋkeɪt/
. a salt of zinc hydroxide, such as Zn(OH)2.
Zincite
ˈzɪŋkʌɪt/
a rare deep red or orange-yellow mineral consisting chiefly of zinc oxide, occurring typically as granular or foliated masses.
Zirconium
zəːˈkəʊnɪəm/
the chemical element of atomic number 40, a hard silver-grey metal of the transition series.
Zwitterion
ˈzwɪtərʌɪən,ˈtsvɪ-/
a molecule or ion having separate positively and negatively charged groups.
Zygote
ˈzʌɪgəʊt/
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.