document

Railway reservation system

Introduction

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INTRODUCTION

To cope up with these day-to-day activities in Railway Reservation, the use of computer (in Railway Sector) is unavoidable.

This project provides the facility to all users to reserve the seats. They can also update and delete the reservation, and also get the information of the status of the train.

The Railway Reservation System aims at solving these day-to-day functions in reservation Sector:

Reservation,

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Modification,

Cancellation,

Show All Transaction, etc.

SDLC Model

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SDLC MODEL The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC),is a methodology that has been constructed to ensure that systems are designed and implemented in a methodical, logical and step-by-step approach.

There are various software deveolpemt approaches defined and designed which are used/employed during development process of software, these approaches are also referred as “Software Development Process Models”.

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Each process model follows a particular life cycle in order to ensure successin process of software development.

One such approach/process which we are using for this site is “The waterfall Model”. Waterfall approach was first Process Model to be introduced and followed widely in Software Engineering to ensure success of the project. In “The Waterfall” approach, the whole process of software development is divided into separate process phases. The phases in Waterfall model are:Requirment specifications phase, Software Design, Implementation and Testing & Maintenance. All these phases are cascaded to each other so that second phase is started as and when defined set of goals are achieved for Methods and processes undertaken in Waterfall Model are more visible.

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The software process model used for the railway reservation system is the “waterfall model”.

The waterfall model suggests a systematic, sequential approach to software development that begins at the system level and progresses through analysis, design,

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Requirements/Analysis and Specifications

Design

Implementation and unit testing

Integration and system testing

Operation and maintainance


coding, testing, and support. This model encompasses the following activities:

Software Requirement Analysis

The goal of this phase is understand the exact requirement of the customer and to document them properly. This phase produces a large documents, which contain a description of what the system will do without describing how it will done. The resultant document is known as SoftwareRequirement Specifications(SRS).

Design

The goal of the phase is to transform the requirement specifications into a structure i.e suitable for implementation in some programming language. This work is documented and known as software design description(SDD) document.

Implementation and unit testing

The implementation or coding phase proceeds smoothly because all information

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neededby the software developers contained in the SDD. During testing,the major activities are centered around the examination and modification of the code.

Integration ande system testing

Effective testing will contributed the delivery of higher quality software products,most satisfied the users, lower maintainence cost and more accurate and reliable results. This is little chance to determine that the interface between modules is also correct and for this reason integration testing is performed.

Operation and maintenance

Software maintenance is a task that every development group has to face,when the software is delivered to the customer side,installed and is operational. Maintenance is a very broad activity that includes error correction, enhancement of capabilities deletion of absolute capabilities and optimization.

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Reasons for choosing WATERFALL MODEL :

In this model, a detailed checking is

done at each and every step by software

quality assurance (SQA) group and also

by the clients. That is why it involves

less risk of rejection by clients.

Good progress tracking due to clear

development stages

It is very easy to understand and

implement.

It is documentation driven, that is,

documentation is produced at every

stage.

Testing is inherent to every phase of the

waterfall model. So there is no need for

a separate testing phase.

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Getting the requirements and design out

of the way first also improves quality; it's

much easier to catch and correct

possible flaws at the design stage.

Finally, the first two phases end in the

production of a formal specification, the

waterfall model can aid efficient

knowledge transfer when team members

are dispersed in different locations.

There are some disadvantages of the

waterfall model.

1)As it is very important to gather all possible

requirements during the Requirement 10


Gathering and Analysis phase in order to

properly design the system, not all

requirements are received at once, the

requirements from customer goes on

getting added to the list even after the end

of “Requirement Gathering and Analysis”

phase, this affects the system development

process and its success in negative aspects.

2)The problems with one phase are never

solved completely during that phase and in

fact many problems regarding a particular

phase arise after the phase is signed off,

this result in badly structured system as not

all the problem (related to a phase) are

solved during the same phase.

3)The project is not partitioned in phases in

flexible way.

As the requirements of the customer goes on getting added to the list, not all the requirements are fulfilled, this results in

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development of almost unusable system. These requirements are then met in newer version of the system; this increases the cost of system development.

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System

Analysis

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

What is System?

The term system is derived from the Greek word systema, which means an organized relationship among functioning units or components. A system exists

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because it is designed to achieve one or more objectives. This means a system is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective. The study of systems concept has three basic implications:A system must be designed to achieve a predetermined objective.Interrelationship and interdependence must exits among components.The objectives of the organization as a whole have higher priority that the objectives of its subsystems.

How we know these objectives of the system? From the analysis of user’s requirements and studying present system. First of all we have to analyze present system thoroughly and asking all the problems of the user. Then check the feasibility of the system.

2.1 Feasibility Study and Cost Benefit Analysis of the System:

Feasibility Study:Feasibility study is done after

preliminary investigation. The feasibility

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study means to check the feasibility of new system. There may be other alternative to the problems. Feasibility study is mainly three type eg. technical ,economic and operational feasibility. We have to check all conditions to the new system. From the analysis it is found that new system is feasible. Main points are as:

Technical Feasibility: During this study, it is found that the institute has enough resource to implement new system. There is already exists a computer systems with suitable hardware and software in the concerned department. There is no problem of financial resources and budgets. Thus the new system is technically feasible.

Economic Feasibility: Economic feasibility is the most important study that determines the cost and benefits of the proposed system and compares with the budget. The cost of the new system does not outweigh the budget. The cost of the project includes the cost of hardware, software, development and implementation. The new system also provides benefits that are expected from

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the proposed system and compare these with the costs expected to spend on development of the system. Benefits are found to be more than costs, thus it is decided to develop new system. The new system provides both tangible (e.g., increased productivity, low operating cost, etc.) and intangible benefits (e.g., improved organizational planning, improved asset utilization, etc.) in a formal way. Thus the new system is economical feasible.

Operational Feasibility: It is found that the new system is both economic and technical feasible, the next step is to determine whether it is operationally feasible or not. During operational feasibility study, it is found that the system will operate in the way that user wants. There is enough human resources and there are qualified and experienced manpower available for development and implementation of the system. The new system is acceptable to the peoples and management. Thus the new system is also operational feasible. User involvement is more required in determining the operational feasibility.

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Cost Benefit Analysis:Since cost plays an important role in

deciding the new system, it must be identified and estimated properly. Costs vary in types and consist of various distinct elements. Benefits are also of different type and can be grouped on the basis of advantages they provides to management. In estimating cost for the system, we considered several cost estimates which the concern will have to pay. Some cost factors are as:

Hardware Cost: This cost relates to actual purchase of computer and peripherals. Organization already has computer system and other peripherals. Thus there is no need to by new system. Thus system is cost feasible.

Personnel Cost: This cost include EDP staff salaries and benefits. In the organization there is already proper staff available. Thus there is no need to recruit additional staff. Thus new system is cost feasible.

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Facility Costs: These are expenses incurred in the preparation of the site where computers are to be installed. This includes wiring, flooring etc. since there is proper site so there is no need to prepare extra site.

Supply Costs: These are variable costs which increase with increased use like the use of paper, disks, ink cartridges etc. since the system is fully automatic so it there is no problem of supply cost against the benefit.

Benefits of a system include four types:

Cost-saving Benefit: These benefits lead to reduction in administrative and operational costs. After implementation of new system there is no need to recruit extra staff. Even if extra person required to transfer information is not required because system is on Local network and Information can be accessed easily. So this system provides cost saving benefit over the administrative and operating cost.

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Cost-Avoidance Benefit: These benefits are those, which eliminate future administrating and operational costs. Since there is enough person to handle the new system, so there is no need to hire additional staff in future. Thus the new system provides cost avoidance benefit.

Improved-Service-Level-benefit: These benefits are those where the performance of a system is improved by new system. Since there is manual system in the existing system, after implementation of new computer based system the performance of process will increases.

Improved-information-Benefit: This is the benefit where computer based methods leads to better information for decision-making. This system generates reports automatically, thus processing speed increased. Now more volume of transaction can be handled easily.Thus from above discussion the new system is better choice over traditional manual system.

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2.2. System Planning

The system planning process consists the following:-

Setting the project start date.

Setting the project complete date.

Selecting the methodology or project life cycle to be used.

Determining the scope of the project in terms of the phase of the selecting project methodology or project life cycle.

Identifying any pre determined interim milestone on other critical dates which must be met.

Listing tasks, by project phase, in order in which they might be accomplished.

Determining skill level necessary to perform each task.

Determining task dependencies

o Which task can be done in parallel?

o Which task requires the completion of other tasks before they can start?

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Performing project cost estimation and cost- benefit analysis.

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System analysis is a process of gathering

and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems

and the information to recommend

improvements on the system. It is a problem

solving activity that requires intensive

communication between the system users

and system developers. System analysis or

study is an important phase of any system

development process. The system is studied

to the minutest detail and analyzed. The

system analyst plays the role of the

interrogator and dwells deep into the

working of the present system. The system

is viewed as a whole and the input to the

system are identified. The outputs from the

organizations are traced to the various

processes. System analysis is concerned

with becoming aware of the problem,

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identifying the relevant and decisional

variables, analyzing and synthesizing the

various factors and determining an optimal

or at least a satisfactory solution or program

of action.

A detailed study of the process must be

made by various techniques like interviews,

questionnaires etc. The data collected by

these sources must be scrutinized to arrive

to a conclusion. The conclusion is an

understanding of how the system functions.

This system is called the existing system.

Now the existing system is subjected to

close study and problem areas are

identified. The designer now functions as a

problem solver and tries to sort out the

difficulties that the enterprise faces. The

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solutions are given as proposals. The

proposal is then weighed with the existing

system analytically and the best one is

selected. The proposal is presented to the

user for an endorsement by the user.

The proposal is reviewed on user request

and suitable changes are made. This is loop

that ends as soon as the user is satisfied

with proposal.

Preliminary study is the process of

gathering and interpreting facts, using the

information for further studies on the

system. Preliminary study is problem solving

activity that requires intensive

communication between the system users

and system developers. It does various

feasibility studies. In these studies a rough

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figure of the system activities can be

obtained, from which the decision about the

strategies to be followed for effective

system study and analysis can be taken.

Existing System

In the existing system the exams are done

only manually but in proposed system we

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have to computerize all the exams using

this software.

Lack of security of data.

More man power.

Time consuming.

Consumes large volume of pare

work.

Needs manual calculations.

No direct role for the higher officials.

Proposed System

The aim of proposed system is to

develop a system of improved facilities. The

proposed system can overcome all the

limitations of the existing system. The 26


system provides proper security and

reduces the manual work.

Security of data.

Ensure data accuracy’s.

Proper control of the higher officials.

Minimize manual data entry.

Minimum time needed for the various

processing.

Greater efficiency.

Better service.

User friendliness and interactive.

Minimum time required.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

It’s the first step in the system development

life cycle to evaluate the feasibility of the

system. The goal of the preliminary

investigation is to appraise project requests. 27


It is neither a design study nor the collection

of details to explain the system in all

regards. But it is the collection of

information that assists the committee

members in making the appraisal of the

project requested and determine the

feasibility of the proposed project as an

informed judgment.

Following targets are achieved in the

process of preliminary investigation:

Understanding the concept and

objectives of the project requested.

Optimum size of the project.

Cost-benefits-analysis of alternative

approaches.

Evaluate the technical and operational

feasibility of alternatives.

Formation of report (Conclusion).

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Submission of report to management -

recommendation, acceptance and

rejection of the project requested.

Conducting the investigation

Conducting the investigation means the

collection of data by the analysts during the

preliminary investigation through three

primary techniques, these are as follows.

I. Reviewing organization documents:

According to this method, the analysts

engaged in the investigation first

acknowledge themselves about the

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organization involved in, or affected by

the project by examining organization

charts and studying written operating

procedures. For example, to review in

Offline examination proposal means

knowing first how the works & also how

the links are connected with the

databases. In this way, reviewing

organization document method proved

useful in achieving the stated objectives.

II. On-site observations: It is an another

significant techniques to collect data for

the purpose of investigation. As per this

method, the analyst observe the activity

of the system directly. One purpose of

on-site observation is to get as chose as

possible to the real system being

studied. All that is highly significant in

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conducting the investigation in reference

to the proposed project.

III. Conducting Interviews: The above two

techniques tell the analyst how the

system operates but not provide enough

details to have a decision to be made

about the merits of a system proposal

and also the user views about current

operations, For this, analyst use

interviews to collect such details which

tell about the nature of the project

request and the reasons for submitting it.

Interview furnishes the details that

further explain the project and show

whether assistance is merited

economically, operationally and

technically.

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OBJECTIVE

To design a database comprising of the required tables and to provide a Front End Application.

To allow a valid user to use the application.

Provide interface to all the tables used in the application for modification, cancellation and reservation of ticket (Reservation of tickets, modification tickets, cancellation tickets By Authorized Person).

Providing the reservation information and helping them to search reservation records.

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1.1 Problem analysis

The system will make the management of reservation efficient. It will make easier for the user to maintain the reservation records in a systematic way. The information flows from one stage to other become easy and more accessible.

The use of proper system will enable the user to quickly answer customer’s queries. And there will be no need of searching whole lot of registers for small information.

Thus, it will make the processing of information faster. The system provides printed reports to the customer, thus accelerating the response time. The system ensures security of the

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customer’s record, so that no illegal modifications can be made to it.

1.2 Requirement Analysis

User Interface

Here, our the user interface of the proposed system shall be VB forms containing Menu bars, Buttons, Keyboard Shortcuts, Check boxes, List boxes etc. according to the requirement. User can use Mouse to click the button or choose from the menu and Keyboard to enter the data.

Hardware Interfaces

This software product shall be run properly on IBM PC or any other PC the minimum hardware requirement for this

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software product shall be 64 MB RAM, 10 GB or more secondary memory, CD ROM for installation of this product. This software product shall use WINDOW 98 operating system for establish the interface between software and hardware. The interfaces provided by the Windows OS are sufficient. Oracle and VB also use same interfaces.

Software Interfaces We shall uses the following software to design this product :

Microsoft VISUAL BASIC version 6.0 as programming language and as front end user interface.

ORACLE version as a data base.

WINDOW version 95/98 as an operating system.

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MDAC (Microsoft Data Access Component) or ODBC (Open Data Base Connectivity) to create an inter face between Microsoft VB and product ORACLE.

MDAC or ODBC is a S/W that acts as an interface between Oracle and VB forms. In case of Intranet/LAN workstations, where same data is shared among many users, global data area is used.

Communication Interfaces

Since our proposed system shall be net-enabled so, communication interface is Required . Proposed system contains four sites working concurrently. In the proposed system, single database which is common to all four sites will be available on server and all sites will be attached to server actively. In case of intranetworking, Windows NT protocols are already in use. In case of mailing to developers for further query,

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Microsoft Outlook Express is by default used by the Windows OS.

1.3 Hardware and Software Requirement

RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM requires following resources for its optimal performance: -

Railway System works on systems having Windows as the Operating System. Railway System can work on any of the Windows Versions such as Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows NT etc.

The Software used for developing our project named “ Railway reservation System ” is as follows: -1) Coding of the project – Visual Basic 6.02) Components of the project – Visual Basic 6.03) Maintenance and recording of data – Oracle4) Hardware required - Pentium 4 160 GB Hard disk

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504 MB RAM

1.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY

1.4.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

It is mainly related to human organizational and political aspects. The points to be considered are:

What changes will be brought with the system?

What organizational structures are disturbed?

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Feasibility study

Operationalfeasibility

Economicalfeasibility

Technicalfeasibilty


What new skills will be required? Do the existing staff members have these skills?

If not, can they be trained in due course of time?

Generally project will not be rejected simply because of operational in feasibility but such considerations are likely to critically affect the nature and scope of the eventual recommendations.

For operational feasibility study we appointed a small group of people who are familiar with information system techniques, who understand the parts of the business that are relevant to the project and are skilled in system analysis and design process.

1.4.2 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system. More commonly known as cost / benefit analysis; in this procedure we determine the benefits and savings that are expected

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from a proposed system and compare them with costs. We found the benefits outweigh the costs; we take a decision to design and implement the new proposed system.

It is very essential to ascertain the cost, which is to incur for developing the project, before starting the development of the project. If the benefit, which is to be accrued by developing the software, exceeds the cost to be incurred for developing the project by a fair amount of margin, then only the software should be developed. The process of cost and benefit analysis is not only limited prior to the time period of development of the project, but this process is a continuous process, and it keeps on going during the entire life cycle of the software.

ANALYSIS OF COST

The programmer has done the analysis of cost of the project named “Railway Reservation System” in a very effective manner. According to the programmer, the total cost involved in the development and

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implementation of the software at the client site would be around Rs. 40000. This is so, as the process is manual, a computer system is to be purchased to implement the project at the Organization. The computer system would cost around Rs.26000, the cost involved in the development of the project would be around Rs.5000, the cost involved in the purchase of software required for implementing the project would be around Rs.5000, and above all the cost of training the manager to use the software is around Rs.3000 as the manager is not familiar with computers.

ANALYSIS OF BENEFIT

As it is necessary to do cost analysis of the developed project, it is also very essential to do benefit analysis along with it. The programmer has done the analysis of the benefit arising from the use of the software named “Railway Reservation system” in a very effective way.

1.4.3 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

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This is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include:

The facility to produce outputs in a given time.

Response time under certain conditions.

Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed.

Facility to communicate data to distant location.

After examining technical feasibility, we give more importance to the configuration of the system than the actual make of hardware. The configuration gives the

complete picture about the system's requirements: Twenty to thirty workstations are required; these units should be interconnected through LAN or Internet so

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that they could operate and communicate smoothly.

They should have enough speeds of input and output to achieve a particular quality of printing.

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System

Design

DESIGN

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Design Principles

The design should be traceable to the analysis model.

The design should “ minimize the intellectual distance” between the software and the problem as it exists in the real world.

The design should exhibit uniformity and integration.

The design should be structured to accommodate change.

The design should be structured to degrade gently, even when aberrant data, events, or operating conditions are encountered.

The design is not coding, coding is not design.

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The design should be assessed for quality as it is being created, not after the fact.

The design should be reviewed to minimize conceptual errors.

2.1 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

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ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

OF THE PROJECT

Explaining the ER diagram drawn before with respect to the above components.

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PASSENGERPASSENGER

TRAINTRAIN

RESERVE TICKET

ADDRESSADDRESSNAMENAME

TRAIN DATE

TRAIN DATE

PH_NO.PH_NO.

TRAIN_NOTRAIN_NO

DESTINATIONDESTINATION

IDID

TIC_NOTIC_NO


Data objects involved in our system:

Passenger

Train

Attributes of each data object are:

Attributes of data object “Passenger” are:Id, name , address,Tic_no, & ph_ no.

Attributes of data object “Train” are: Train_no,Traindate and destinction.

Relationship between data object are defined as follows:

Many passenger can request for reservation to a single user and occurrences of both are mandatory.

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A report is released corresponding to

each result and occurrences of both are

mandatory.

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2.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a diagram that describes the flow of data and the processes that change or transform data throughout a system. It’s a structured analysis and design tool that can be used for flowcharting in place of, or in association with, information oriented and process oriented system flowcharts.

When analysts prepare the Data Flow Diagram, they specify the user needs at a level of detail that virtually determines the information flow into and out of the system and the required data resources. This network is constructed by using a set of symbols that do not imply a physical implementation.

The Data Flow Diagram reviews the current physical system, prepares input and output specification, specifies the implementation plan etc.

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Four basic symbols are used to construct data flow diagrams. They are symbols that represent data source, data flows, and data transformations and data storage. The points at which data are transformed are represented by enclosed figures, usually circles, which are called nodes.

Data Flow Diagram Symbols:-

(1) Source or Destination of data (External Entities) :

External entities represents any entity that supplies or receives information from

the system but is not a part of the system

(2) Data Flow :

The data flow is used to describe the movement of chunks or packets of

information from one part of the system to another part. Flows represents data

in motion.

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(3) Process :

Process shows a part of the system that transforms inputs into outputs. That is, it

shows how one or more inputs are changed into outputs.

(4) Storage :

The data store is used to model a collection of data packets at rest. Any place

accumulates is a data store.

CONTEXT LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

LEVEL-1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

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PASSENGER

RAILWAY

RESERVATION

SYSTEM

ISSUE

TICKET

REJECT

REQUEST

QUERY

VALID REQUEST

INVALID REQUEST

PASSENGER


Train

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Interact with user

(atten-dant)

DATA ENTRY &

VERIFICA-TIONS

TRAIN

TIMETABLE

Transaction

occur

Review and approval

ISSUE TICKET

Reports

Approved result

Resultant data

Add passenger

detail

Analyzed data

Reserve


2.3 DATABASE DESIGN

Table Name: TRAIN

Field Name Data TypeT_NO Number(4)T_NAME Varchar2(20)ST_FROM Varchar2(20)ST_TO Varchar2(20)DEP_DT DateDEP_TIME Number(5,2)FC_TOT Number(3)BC_BK Number(3)SC_TOT Number(3)SC_BK Number(3)AC_TOT Number(3)AC_BK Number(3)

This table contains the information of the train.

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Table Name: RESERVE

This table contain the information of the ticket reservation.

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Field Name Data TypeT_NO Number(4)TIC_NO Number(5)NAME Varchar2(20)ST_FROM Varchar2(12)ST_TO Varchar2(12)J_DT DateCLASS Varchar2(15)


2.3 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

Railway System fulfills the following criteria: -

LOGIN SCREEN

This is login screen where you can enter password. When you enter password and click on enter then software validate your password, when your password is correct then software

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provide all facility of the software otherwise show error message and exit out form the software.

SPLASH SCREEN

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MDIFORM

This is main screen, you can see the control screen. You can operate all function of the software only from here.

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RESERVATION

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This is reservation screen from where you can take reservation of the railway where you want to go.

QUERY

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This is used for select the criteria for query.

REPORT

It shows the report about train information and reservation information.

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SUCCESS

It shows the reservation have been completed.62


CANCEL

It shows the reservation have been cancelled.

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QUIT

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Coding

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CODING

The goal of coding or programming is to translate the design of the system produced during the design phase into code in a given programming language which can be executed by a computer and that performs the computation specified by the design for a given design the aim is to implement the design in a best possible manner.

During the implementation,it should be kept in mind that the programs should not be constructed so that they easy to write but so that they easy to read and understand.

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LOGIN SCREEN

Private Sub Command2_Click()EndEnd Sub

Private Sub lgn_Click()If pw.Text = "railway" Then Unload Me Load frmSplash frmSplash.ShowElse MsgBox "Invalid password"

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End IfEnd Sub

SPLASH SCREEN

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()I = I + 1If I > 3 ThenUnload Me'Load mainMDIForm1.ShowEnd IfEnd Sub

Private Sub Timer2_Timer()Label3.ForeColor = RGB(255, 255, 255) * RndLabel4.ForeColor = RGB(255, 255, 255) * RndLabel5.ForeColor = RGB(255, 255, 255) * RndLabel6.ForeColor = RGB(255, 255, 255) * RndEnd Sub

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QUERY

Public connect As New ADODB.ConnectionDim RS As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim comm As New ADODB.Command

Private Sub COMFIELD_CLICK()Text1.Text = " "MSHFlexGrid1.ClearEnd Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()Select Case COMFIELD.TextCase "T_NO"

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If LIST1.Text = "TRAIN DETAILS" Then Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM TRAIN WHERE T_NO='" & Text1.Text & "'") End If If LIST1.Text = "RESERVATION DETAILS" Then Set rs1 = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM RESERVE WHERE T_NO='" & Text1.Text & "'") End IfCase "T_NAME" Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM TRAIN WHERE T_NAME='" & Text1.Text & "'")Case "DEP_DT" Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM TRAIN WHERE DEP_DT='" & Text1.Text & "'")Case "TIC_NO" Set rs1 = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM RESERVE WHERE TIC_NO='" & Text1.Text & "'")Case "CLASS" Set rs1 = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM RESERVE WHERE CLASS='" & Text1.Text & "'")End SelectIf LIST1.Text = "TRAIN DETAILS" Then If RS.RecordCount = 0 Then MsgBox "NO RECORD FOUND" Else

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Set MSHFlexGrid1.Recordset = RS End IfEnd IfIf LIST1.Text = "RESERVATION DETAILS" Then If rs1.RecordCount = 0 Then MsgBox "NO RECORD FOUND" Else Set MSHFlexGrid1.Recordset = rs1 End IfEnd IfEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()connect = "Provider=MSDAORA.1;Password=tiger;User ID=scott;Persist Security Info =True"connect.Opencomm.ActiveConnection = connectconnect.CursorLocation = adUseClientLIST1.AddItem "TRAIN DETAILS"LIST1.AddItem "RESERVATION DETAILS"RS.Open "SELECT * FROM TRAIN", connect, adOpenKeyset, adLockBatchOptimisticrs1.Open "SELECT * FROM RESERVE", connect, adOpenKeyset, adLockBatchOptimistic

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End Sub

Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)connect.CloseEnd Sub

Private Sub List1_Click()COMFIELD.ClearText1.Text = " "MSHFlexGrid1.ClearDim numfield As IntegerIf LIST1.Text = "TRAIN DETAILS" Then Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT T_NO,T_NAME,DEP_DT FROM TRAIN") numfield = RS.Fields.Count For I = 0 To numfield - 1 COMFIELD.AddItem RS.Fields(I).Name NextEnd IfIf LIST1.Text = "RESERVATION DETAILS" Then Set rs1 = connect.Execute("select T_NO,TIC_NO,CLASS from reserve") numfield = rs1.Fields.Count For I = 0 To numfield - 1 COMFIELD.AddItem rs1.Fields(I).Name

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NextEnd IfEnd Sub

Private Sub Text1_KeyUp(KeyCode As Integer, Shift As Integer)If KeyCode = 13 Then Command1.SetFocus Command1_ClickEnd IfEnd Sub

RESERVATION

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Public connect As New ADODB.ConnectionDim RS As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.Recordset'Dim rs2 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim comm As New ADODB.CommandDim ADDCHECK As Boolean ' BY DEFAULT FALSEDim MODCHECK As BooleanDim MCLASS As StringDim LCLASS As StringDim MTICNO As StringDim LTICNO As String

Private Sub Datatno_Change()Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM train where t_no=" & Datatno.Text)

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tname.Text = RS("t_name")tstfr.Text = RS("st_from")tstto.Text = RS("st_to")tdtdp.Text = Format(RS!dep_dt, "DD-MMM-YYYY")tdptm.Text = RS("dep_time")pjdt.Text = tdtdp.TextIf ADDCHECK = True Or MODCHECK = True Then pname.SetFocusEnd IfEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()connect = "Provider=MSDAORA.1;Password=tiger;User ID=scott;Persist Security Info =True"connect.Opencomm.ActiveConnection = connectconnect.CursorLocation = adUseClientRS.Open "SELECT * FROM TRAIN", connect, adOpenKeyset, adLockBatchOptimisticWith Datatno.ListField = "T_NO"Set .RowSource = RSIf Not RS.EOF Then RS.MoveFirst

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.Text = RS("T_NO")End IfEnd Withrs1.Open "select * from reserve", connect, adOpenKeyset, adLockBatchOptimisticDatatno_ChangeEnd Sub

Function ADDFUNCTION()BUTTONHANDLER ("00000110")ADDCHECK = TrueDatatno.Enabled = Truepname.Enabled = Truepclass.Enabled = Truepticno.Enabled = Truepname.Text = " "pticno.Text = " "pclac2.Value = Falsepclfc.Value = Falsepclsc.Value = False'rs1.AddNewEnd Function

Function SAVEFUNCTION()Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM train where t_no=" & Datatno.Text)

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If pname.Text = " " Or _ (pclac2.Value = False And pclfc.Value = False And pclsc.Value = False) Or _ pticno.Text = " " Then MsgBox "FIELD CAN'T BE LEFT BLANK" BUTTONHANDLER ("00000110") Exit FunctionEnd IfIf ADDCHECK = True Then If pclac2.Value = True Then MCLASS = "AC2" ElseIf pclfc.Value = True Then MCLASS = "FC" ElseIf pclsc.Value = True Then MCLASS = "SC" End If connect.Execute ("INSERT INTO RESERVE VALUES('" & Datatno.Text & "' , '" & pticno.Text & "' , '" & pname.Text & "' , '" & tstfr.Text & "' , '" & tstto.Text & "' , '" & pjdt.Text & "' , '" & MCLASS & "')") If MCLASS = "AC2" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET AC2_TOT=AC2_TOT-1,AC2_BK=AC2_BK+1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text)

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End If If MCLASS = "FC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET FC_TOT=FC_TOT-1,FC_BK=FC_BK+1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If MCLASS = "SC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET SC_TOT=SC_TOT-1,SC_BK=SC_BK+1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End IfSuccess.showEnd IfIf MODCHECK = True Then If pclac2.Value = True Then MCLASS = "AC2" ElseIf pclfc.Value = True Then MCLASS = "FC" ElseIf pclsc.Value = True Then MCLASS = "SC" End If connect.Execute ("UPDATE RESERVE SET TIC_NO='" & pticno.Text & "' ,NAME='" & pname.Text & "' ,CLASS= '" & MCLASS & "' WHERE TIC_NO='" & LTICNO & "'")

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' UPDATE TRAIN WITH THE OLD VALUES If LCLASS = "AC2" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET AC2_TOT=AC2_TOT+1,AC2_BK=AC2_BK-1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If LCLASS = "FC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET FC_TOT=FC_TOT+1,BC_BK=BC_BK-1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If LCLASS = "SC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET SC_TOT=SC_TOT+1,SC_BK=SC_BK-1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If' UPDATE TRAIN WITH THE NEW VALUES If MCLASS = "AC2" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET AC2_TOT=AC2_TOT-1,AC2_BK=AC2_BK+1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If MCLASS = "FC" Then

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connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET FC_TOT=FC_TOT-1,BC_BK=BC_BK+1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If MCLASS = "SC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET SC_TOT=SC_TOT-1,SC_BK=SC_BK+1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End IfEnd If

ADDCHECK = FalseMODCHECK = FalseDatatno.Enabled = Falsepname.Enabled = Falsepclass.Enabled = Falsepticno.Enabled = Falsepname.Text = " "pticno.Text = " "pclac2.Value = Falsepclfc.Value = Falsepclsc.Value = FalseBUTTONHANDLER ("11000001")End Function

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Function SRHFUNCTION()MTICNO = InputBox("ENTER TICKET NUMBER")Set rs1 = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM RESERVE WHERE TIC_NO='" & MTICNO & "'")If rs1.RecordCount = 0 Then MsgBox "DATA NOT FOUND" BUTTONHANDLER ("11000001")Else Datatno.Text = rs1("T_NO") Datatno_Change pname.Text = rs1("NAME") pticno.Text = rs1("TIC_NO") LTICNO = rs1("TIC_NO") pjdt.Text = Format(rs1!J_DT, "DD-MMM-YYYY") LCLASS = rs1("CLASS") If rs1("Class") = "AC2" Then pclac2.Value = True ElseIf rs1("CLASS") = "FC" Then pclfc.Value = True ElseIf rs1("CLASS") = "SC" Then pclsc.Value = True End If BUTTONHANDLER ("00111001")End If

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End Function

Function CLRFUNCTION()pname.Text = " "pticno.Text = " "pclac2.Value = Falsepclfc.Value = Falsepclsc.Value = FalseBUTTONHANDLER ("11000001")End Function

Function MODFUNCTION()MODCHECK = Truepname.Enabled = Truepclass.Enabled = Truepticno.Enabled = TrueBUTTONHANDLER ("00000110")End Function

Function DELFUNCTION()Set RS = connect.Execute("SELECT * FROM train where t_no=" & Datatno.Text) If pclac2.Value = True Then MCLASS = "AC2" ElseIf pclfc.Value = True Then

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MCLASS = "FC" ElseIf pclsc.Value = True Then MCLASS = "SC" End If connect.Execute ("DELETE FROM RESERVE WHERE TIC_NO='" & pticno.Text & "'")' UPDATE TRAIN WITH THE OLD VALUES If LCLASS = "AC2" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET AC2_TOT=AC2_TOT+1,AC2_BK=AC2_BK-1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If LCLASS = "FC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET FC_TOT=FC_TOT+1,BC_BK=BC_BK-1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End If If LCLASS = "SC" Then connect.Execute ("UPDATE TRAIN SET SC_TOT=SC_TOT+1,SC_BK=SC_BK-1 WHERE T_NO=" & Datatno.Text) End IfCLRFUNCTIONBUTTONHANDLER ("11000001")Cancel.show

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End Function

Function CANFUNCTION()ADDCHECK = FalseMODCHECK = FalseDatatno.Enabled = Falsepname.Enabled = Falsepclass.Enabled = Falsepticno.Enabled = Falsepname.Text = " "pticno.Text = " "pclac2.Value = Falsepclfc.Value = Falsepclsc.Value = FalseBUTTONHANDLER ("11000001")End Function

Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)connect.CloseEnd Sub

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REPORT

Private Sub Form_Activate()Option1.Value = FalseOption2.Value = FalseEnd Sub

Private Sub Option2_Click()85


If Option2.Value = True ThenRESERVERPT.ShowElseREPORT.ShowEnd IfEnd Sub

Private Sub Option1_Click()If Option1.Value = True ThenTRAINRPT.ShowElseREPORT.ShowEnd IfEnd Sub

MDIFORM

Private Sub MNUFEXIT_Click()End

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End Sub

Private Sub MNUFQRY_Click()BUTTONHANDLER ("00000001")QUERY.ShowEnd Sub

Private Sub MNUFRES_Click()BUTTONHANDLER ("11000001")reserve.ShowEnd Sub

Private Sub MNUFRP_Click()BUTTONHANDLER ("00000001")REPORT.ShowEnd Sub

Private Sub Toolbar1_ButtonClick(ByVal Button As MSComctlLib.Button)Dim FRM As VariantOn Error GoTo ERRHANDLERSet FRM = MDIForm1.ActiveFormSelect Case Button.KeyCase "ADDREC" FRM.ADDFUNCTION

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Case "SRHREC" FRM.SRHFUNCTIONCase "CLRREC" FRM.CLRFUNCTIONCase "MODREC" FRM.MODFUNCTIONCase "DELREC" FRM.DELFUNCTIONCase "SAVEREC" FRM.SAVEFUNCTIONCase "CANREC" FRM.CANFUNCTIONCase "CLSFRM" Unload FRMEnd SelectERRHANDLER:Exit SubEnd Sub

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CANCEL

Private Sub CMDNO_Click()Unload Me MDIForm1.ShowEnd Sub

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Private Sub CMDYES_Click() LOGIN.ShowEnd Sub

SUCCESS

Private Sub CMDNO_Click()Unload MeEnd Sub

Private Sub CMDYES_Click()

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Unload MeLOGIN.ShowEnd Sub

QUIT

Private Sub CMDNO_Click()Unload MeLoad MDIForm1 MDIForm1.ShowEnd Sub

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Private Sub CMDYES_Click() EndEnd SubMODULE

Dim SECONNECT As ADODB.ConnectionDim STRCONNECTION As String

Sub MAIN()STRCONNECTION = "Provider=MSDAORA.1;Password=TIGER;User ID=SCOTT;Persist Security Info=True"OPENDATALOGIN.Show'MDIForm1.Show'Unload USEREnd Sub

Function OPENDATA()On Error Resume NextCLOSEDATASECONNECT.Open STRCONNECTIONEnd FunctionFunction CLOSEDATA()

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On Error Resume NextSECONNECT.CloseEnd FunctionFunction BUTTONHANDLER(BTNSTATE As String)Dim I As IntegerFor I = 1 To Len(BTNSTATE)If Mid(BTNSTATE, I, 1) = "1" ThenMDIForm1.Toolbar1.Buttons(I).Enabled = TrueElseIf Mid(BTNSTATE, I, 1) = "0" ThenMDIForm1.Toolbar1.Buttons(I).Enabled = FalseEnd IfNextEnd Function

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Testing

TESTING

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Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification, design, and code generation. Once source code has been generated, software must be tested to uncover as many tests as possible before delivery to the customer.

These techniques provide systematic guidance for designing tests that exercise the internal logic of software components and exercise the input and output domains of the program to uncover errors in program function, behavior, and performance.

Testing Objectives:

The rules that can serve well as testing objectives:

Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.

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A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet-undiscovered error.

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Testing Screen

LOGIN SCREEN

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Wrong password

RESERVATION

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Wrong ticket number

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Field left bank

QUERY100


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No record found

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Reservation details

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Reservation confirmed

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Reservation cancelled

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Reports

Report 1

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Report 2

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Report 3

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CONCLUSION

The project is developed keeping in mind the growing necessity of the RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM.

“Railway reservation system” is a useful product for managing the reservation within an organization. This project provides the facility to all users to do operations of the train. They can also update & delete the reservation, and also get the information of the status of reservation. The project provides the facility to add new customer. The user has the right to get any information about the reservation at any time without any permission of regarding department.

Though this project the working department can enter the information of the new reservation, can update reservation & can also delete reservation as per the request of the user.

So, the project has capabilities of improving from its present state. The project in future can

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be used as a base to develop a new project with more facilities added in it. We can also change this project so that it can work on different platform.

Future Scope and Limitations

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Scope of project

The main benefit of this project is that it

facilitate user to communicate in a faster

manner in comparison of manual system.

Through this system the current status of the

reservation can be known easily whereas in

manual system it is a difficult task.

To provide quick service without any delay.

The future project can include the facility of web-application so that customer can access their reservation, pay bills and solve their queries online

The future project can provide a back plan for

functionality.

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Limitation of the project

Railway System may not work properly on Linux and Macintosh based Systems.

Railway System requires its users to have prior knowledge of both computers and reservation procedure.

There is no provision for waiting list, ID proof, photograph and Signature for verification purpose.

BIBLIOGRAPHY112


Software Engineering – A Practitioner’s Approach

By Roger S. Pressman

Software Engineering By K. K. Aggarwal

Yogesh Singh

An Introduction to Database SystemsBy Elmasri

Navathe

Oracle PL/SQLBy Ivan Bayross

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document

Documents

waterfall model

software process model

system level

system testing operation

reservation sector

railway sector

software developers

software engineering