doctrine sufism
DESCRIPTION
sufismTRANSCRIPT
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The Doctrines Of Sufism
Perfecting The ReligiousExperience
Improving The Spiritual Self
Kashf: Enlightenment
Wali: Spiritual Guide/sainthood
Annihilation
Unity Of Existence
The doctrines of sufism.mmap - 3/4/2006 - Mindjet Team
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Annihilation
The Context: (The Approaches ToFaith And Understanding)
Sufism
Emphasizes perception, maarifa leadingto direct knowledge of Self and God, anduses the heart as its medium
Kalam
Emphasizes reason, ilm leading tounderstanding of God, uses the Aaql asits medium, and subjects reason torevelation
Philosophy
Emphasizes reason, ilm leading tounderstanding of God, uses the Aaql asits medium
The Goals Of The Spiritual JourneyTaqwa: Piety
AL BAQARA
QAAF
AL HADEED
The Origins Of Annihilation
AL RAHMAN
The Motivation For Annihilation
Living the Shahada
Results from the negation in the first partof the Shahada (fana)
And from the affirmation of thesubsistence in the second part of theShahada: (Baqa)
Living the TawheedBe witness to the divine reality, andeliminate the egocentric self
Self transformation
Start as a stone
Be shuttered by the divine light of thedivine reality you witness
Emerge restructed as a jewel
The Consequence Of Annihilation
Sobriety
IntoxicationParadox and biwelderment
PerplexityAbu Bakr (RAA): Incapacity to perceive is perception
Annihilation By ExamplesAl Junayd
Al Hallaj
Annihilation.mmap - 3/6/2006 - Mindjet Team
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AL JUNAYD
Biography
Born and Raised in Baghdad (died in 910 or 198 H)
His education focused on Fiqh and Hadith
He studied under the Jurist Abu Thawr:An extraordinary jurist started as aHanafii, then followed the Shafi schoolonce al Imam Al Shafi came to Baghdad.Abu Thawr was equally skilled in Fiqh andHadith
The strength of Al Junayd in classicalstudies was Fiqh
Although he distinguished himself earlyenough as a gifted mystic he refused toteach as a sign of respect for his teacherSari As-Saqati
He also learned from AL Muhasibi andconsidered him his spiritual master
He was a silk merchant by trade
Maintained a balanced life style: Noexcessive material life and no extremeausterity
He was also balanced in character
The Mystical School Of BaghdadIn The 10th Century
Tawhid as opposed to Kalam
Esoteric Character
Suffered great persecutions foraccusations ranging from innovations andquestionable practices to heresy
The Writings Of Al Junayd
Kitab Amthal Al Quran
Kitab Al Rasail
Other historians and biographers haveattributed to Al Junayd many more books
The Doctrines Of Al Junayd
Unification (Tawheed): using his famousdefinition=> "Unification is the separationof that which has from that which wasoriginated in time"
Separate and fix the Eternal Essence ofGod and reject all others
Separate and fix the attributes of God anddisapprove all others
Separate the actions of God and refute all others
Mithaq: Covenant
Understand the relationship between Godthe creator and the Human the created,and the realization by the human ofhis/her place before God: Surah Al Ahzab
Fana: Annihilation/Obliteration
"true" Tawheed can only achieved oncethe created human loses his/herindividuality and asserts only the divinepresence
Details Of Fana In Al Junayd's Theory
Fana: of natural qualities in one's motiveswhen one carries out religious duties. Thisis moral and objective.
Fana: of pursuit after pleasures toeliminate intermediation with God. This ismental and subjective.
Fana: of consciousness. This is where AlJunayd restore the Baqa. When this stageis attained the worshipper should recoversobriety after intoxication
Preventing Excess And InsuringThe Supremacy Of Sharia
Baqa: Subsistence. This is theprescription against pantheism
Sahw: . This is the prescription againstlibertinism and antinomianism
Al Junayd.mmap - 3/4/2006 - Mindjet Team
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AL HALLAJ
Biography
Born and Raised in Tur south-westernIran (in 858 or 244 H)
His education focused on FiqhAlthough a Sunni he found himself in Shiite milieu
The strength of Al Hallaj was Hanbali Fiqh
Prior to his focus on sufism he was known at a preacherAl Hallaj came under the influence of AlJunayd and Amr Al Makki
He was a wool carder by trade
He was a social activists who denouncedinjustice and became a voice for the weakand the oppressed in Basra
After his death his mutilated body was laid to rest in Karkh
The Mystical School Of BaghdadIn The 10th Century
Tawhid as opposed to Kalam
Esoteric Character
Suffered great persecutions foraccusations ranging from innovations andquestionable practices to heresy
The Writings Of Al Hallaj
Diwan
Diwan Al Hallaj
Tawassin
Example A
The Ta-Sin of the Circle
1. The first door representsthe one who reaches the circleof Truth. The second doorrepresents the person whoreaches it, who after enteringit comes to a closed door. Thethird door represents the onewho goes astray in the desertof the Truth-Nature of thetruth.
2. He that enters the circle isfar from the Truth because theway is blocked and the seekeris sent back. The point on highrepresents his yearning. Thelower point represents hisreturn to his point ofdeparture, and the middlepoint is his bewilderment.
3. The inner circle does nothave a door, and the pointwhich is in the center is Truth.
4. The meaning of Truth isthat from which externals andinternals are not absent, and itdoes not tolerate forms.
Example B
The Ta-Sin of the Point1. Finer still than that is themention of the PrimordialPoint, which is the Source, andwhich does not grow ordecrease, nor consume itself.
2. The one who denies myspiritual state denies itbecause he does not see me,and he calls me a heretic. Hecharges me with evil, andseeing my glory he calls forhelp, and it is to the sacredcircle which is beyond thebeyond that he cries.
3. He who reaches the secondcircle imagines me to be theInspired Master.
4. He who reaches the thridcircle thinks that I am at thebottom of all desires.
5. And he who reaches thecircle of Truth forgets me andhis attention is distracted fromme.
The Doctrines Of Al HallajUnification (Tawheed)
Fana: Annihilation/Obliteration
Fana For Al Hallaj's: Devotion And Martyrdom
Fana: Total and complete annihilationleading to intoxication with sobriety
The Reactions To His Death
Massignon and Mason (BU)
His inquisitors
His contemporariesLater generations of Muslims
The ambivalence continues to this day
The Martyrdom of al-Hallaj, Baghdad 17thcentury Indian painting (Allahabad,1017a) from Diwan, by Amir Najm-ad-dinDihlavi (Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore)
Al Hallaj.mmap - 3/5/2006 - Mindjet Team