ED 185 855

TITLEINSTITUTIONE2PORT NOPUB DATENOTL.;

AVAILABLE FROM

LANGUAGE

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

ABSTRACT

DOCOMM RESUME

FL 011 346

Persian Easic Course: Volume VII, Lessons 77-88.Defense Language Inst., Monterey, Calif.PF0014SMar 66234p.: For related documents, see FL 011 338-350.Defense Language.Institute, Foreign Language Center,Nonresident Division, Presidio cf Mcnterey, CA 93940($4.00, accompanying cassettes $9.60)English: Persian

MF01/PC10 Plus Postacie.*Audiolingual Method5: Communicative Competence(Languages) : *Dialogs (Language): *Grammar:Instructional Materials: *Intensive Language Courses:language Usage: Listening Comprehension: MilitarySc'ence: Pattern Drills (Language) ; *Eersian; ReadingCotnrehension: *Second Language Instructicn: StandardSpok n Usage: Vocabulary Development: WritingSkill_

The seven. '1 of 10 volumes of a basic course inPersian is presented that 1...designed for,use in the Defense LanguageInstitute's intensive prograai for native English speakerE. Thecentral feature of the daily _?sson is the structured dialogue inwhich a number o..E grammatical t,-ntnres are systematicallyincorporated in a daily situatol Fach lesson begins with a seriesof perception drill patterns to be used extensively prior to theintroduction of the daily dialogue, which is followed by atranslation in idiomatic Fnglish. Thu nrammar analysis sectioncontains a summary of tIve various func'ions and usage of a givenitem, and grammar drills utilize the ne ° struci.ural patterns as wellas new ;;Iocabulary ard review vocabulary. 'The reading and questionssection consists of a narrative containing the assimilated lexicalitems. A list of new vocatulary introduced 'n the dialcgue completesthe daily lesson. This vclume attempts to pruent common situations

.

and the normal mode of speech appropr:i.ate to e.lch situation in thedialogues. The reading section and dialogues ar.,- designed to preparethe student for understanding newspapers and rac'o/television.Milit:-.ny terminology is also introduced. Tapes ac.ompany the text.(SW)

***********************************************************************Reprodui:tions supplied by FDPS are the best that can be made

from the original document.***********************************************************************

PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN qRANTED BY

J.) L4

10 THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC

PERSIANBasic Course

Volume VII

Lessons 77 - 88

March 1966

U S DEPARTMEI, r OF IIEALTHEDUCATION IL OELFARENATIONAL. IMST.TVTE Of

EDUCAT,ON

THIS DO(UMUNI H . BE EN PEDut ED EXAC TL Y C 1 riF CL I rawTHE PERSON CR DUGAN lA TIONOYiGo4A T ING T POINIS OF VIEW OR OPINION',STATED DO NOT NE(I-SSAWILY T4tPE.SENT O T iCrAt NA /WAAL Iho,TrE,iTE 01E OUT A ON P0',IT ION OH POL (

DE FE NSE LA NGUA GE I NST TUTE

PRI13 0(4s

44,101SHIS PUBLICATION IS TO BE USED MMARILY.IN SUPPORT OF.RAINING MILITARY PERSONNEL AS PART OF THE DEFENSE .

LANGUAGE PROGRAM (RESIDENT AND NONRESI)ENT).- INQUIRIESCONCERNING THE USE OF THE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS

-

FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO:

DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTEFOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTERNONRESIDENT'INSTRUCTION DIVISION'PREIDIO:OF MONTEREY, CA 9394O

TOPICS IN'THE ARF1AS OF POLITNS,'INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS,MORES, ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED SCONTROVERSIAL FROM.'SOME PO/NTS OF VIEW ARE SOMETIMES roam= tm-TahouAGE'TRAINING FOR DLIFLC STUDENTS, SINCE MILITARYMAY FrND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS mft,trangOF CONVERSATIONS'OR WRITTEN MUM Or mit NAtOgo6watmEESENTIAL TO THEIR MISSION. Tar.PRZSISNCS OF COMOVIIMALSTATEMENTSWHETHER REAL OR APpARENT4h-IN DLIFtiq mouta4sSHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUnD AS REPRESENTING THE .OPINIONS OPtHE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE WIGUAGE INSTITUT.:, oft op THVDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.

;!4)'

ti,..11;c1'07

Vol

3 PREFACE

The Persian Cou-ine, consisting of 124 lemsons in10 volumes, is one.of the Defense Language Tnstitute'saasic Course Series, .The material was developed at theDefense Language Institute and approved for publicationby the Institute's Curriculum Development Board,

The course:is designed to train native.Englishlanguage sneakers to Level 3 proficiency in comprehen-sion and sneaking and Level 2. proficiency in readingand.writing Persian, The texts are intended for class-room use in the Defense Language Institute's intensivePrograms emnloying the audio-lingual methodology. Tamesaccompany the texts.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

3

5

8

Introduction

LIMON 77

111HII

Perception Drill

0/11.aw 11

ets

Cartoon Guide - ..P

Dialogue (The Climate of Iran)------------------------- 9

Translation of Dialogue --- . . 10

Grammar Analysis (Tbe Various Uses of "jJj", and the

Usage of Nfili .. dr

Grammar Drill --*mem 01.1.....adomemeo ImmoomM

17Questions on

Hoeswork--------_-----------

Vocabulary19imminrIl 11

LESSON 78211110. 401.M104.00 !M11141111.. =MOM

Perception Drill23

Cartoon Guide76

Dialogue (The Use27

of ------ -___----

Translation Dialogue'28

oft

Grammar Analysis (Present Subjunctive) 29

Grammar Drill 32molow

Reading

Questions Reading, 3E1on

Homeuork 37,

Vocabulary-, 38

LESSON 79- 40

Perception Drill 42

Cartoon Guide 46

Dialogue (On Being Transferred)---- ------------ 47

Translation of Dialpgue 48

Grammar Analysia (The Usage of "ciLi.A. ".and " uPtr",

"Inseparable Pronouns") 49also,

Grammar Drill 52

Reading:6- 55

Questions on.Reading 56

HOmework 57

Vocabulary 58

LZSSON 80 60

Perception Drill 62

Cartoon Guide 66

ii

t;

II

Dialogue (At Theleundry) ...... 61

Translation Dialogue 68of

Grammar Aitalysis (The VariOus Uses of 69

Grammar Drill 70

Reading 73

Questions Reading 74on

Homework 75

Vocabulary 76

LESSON 81 78.

Perception Drill 80

Cartoon Guide 82

Dialogue (Sights of Iran, Based on Film Unit, "Capital

of Iran") 83

Translation of Dialogue g'

Grammar Analysis (Pest Subjunctive)---- ..... ..... 85

Grammar Drill ....... 88

Reeding 91

Questions on Rehding 92

Homework 93

vochbulary 94

iii

LESSON'82 96

Perception.M411. 98

Cartoon Guide 74- . 101

Dialogue (Advance Toward Enemy Lines)

Translation of Dialogue-

Grammar Analysis (Whether.... or not)

Grammar Drill -- - --

Reading

.10.11D

102

103

104

106

109

QuestiOlt on Reeding 110

Homework 111

Vocab9lry. 112

\ tESON 83' 114

or

Perception Drill - 116

Cartoon Guide 119

Dialogue (At'The Beach) 120

Tranalation of Dialogue 121

Grammar Analysis (Persian Pronouns) 122

Grammar Drill 127

'Reading .130

Questions on Reading 131

2

.1

Vocabulary------ -,--------- 133

LESSON 84 - -- 135

1

perception -------- -------- 137

Dialogue (At The Shoe Store) 140

Translation DialOgue 141of -----

Grammar Analysis (The.Suffix "41;1"):-- 142--------

Grammar Drill 144____

leading 147----

Questions Reading 148on -- --7

Homework 149

Vocabulary 150-------

, LESSON 85 -- 152

Perception Drill - 154

Cartoon,Guide _---- 157

Dialogue (Preparation For Defense Against Enemy Attack)15E

Translation of Dialogui!

Grammar Analysis (Expressions In The Polite Form of

Speech)

Grammar Drill

Reading

159

------------ 160

-

-163.

166

Questions on Reading---d

Homework_____________- ..... .... -___---_-- -------

167

168

Vocabulary -- 169

LESSON 86, 171

Perception Drill.: 173

Cartoon Guide 176

Dialogue (Agri.cuiture Im Iran) 177

Translation of Dialogue 178

Grammar.Ana1ysis (either....or)----------- ..... 179

Grammar Drill

Reading -

Questions on Reading

Homework

Vocabulary

LESSON 87

Perception Drill

---- 181

--- 184

-- 185

186

187

189

191

Cartoon Guide 193

Dialogue (At The Museum; Based on Film Dhit "Capital

Of Iran") 194

vi

l

195Translation of 0101. 0041.41111.1.11.1.N....1.

Grammar Analysis (The Various Use of 1111).O.VW..104..10.14. 196

Grammar Drill MININHIIND 196

Reading 201-

Questions on Redding 202

Homework 203

Vocabulary 204

LESSON 88 206

Perception Drill 208

Cartoon Guide 210

Dialogue (Reconnaisance Hission)- 211

Translation of Dialogue 212

Grammar.Analysis (The Use of " j1 and A A0.11213

Grammar Drill 216

Reading .219

Questlons on Reading 220

Romewrrk 221

Vocabularr 222

INTRODUCTION

In this volume we have strived to follow the same generalpattern as we have used in our previous books. The centralfeature of'the daily lesson is still the structural dia-logue in which a number of grammatical features are systemati-cally incorporated in a daily situstion.

As before, 8 seriea of Perception Drill patterns are pre-pared for extensive use prior to the introduction of the dailydialogue. This will enable the student to assimilate the newstructural patterns through the use of familiar vocabuhry.

Each dialogue is followed by a translation in idiomaticEnglish. Where the exact translation would not be consideredidiomatic, for the sake of clarity, the idiomatic English hasbeen given'and the exact English equivalent of the Persiantext has been put in parentheses.

The Grammar Analysis section contains a summary of the va-rious functione and usage of a given item. This, we believe,will give the student an over-all picture of.the exact placeof any expression or item in tho whole speech pattern. Themore amb4tious student will benefit from this section by lear-ning from it the many different weys in which he can use theverbs, phrases, etc. that he has learned.

Grammar Drill which utilises the new structural patternsas well as new vocabulary and review vocabulary, Aallowe theGrammar Analysis. .

The Reading end Questions section consists of a narrativecontaining the assimilated lexical items. It has been plannedso as to afford better situational application of the material.

, As before, homework is both aural-oral, and written, andbasitally followw the structural patterns and vocabulary intro-duced in the preceding lesson.

A,list of new vocabulary introduced in the dialogue withmewling in English completes the daily lesson. The words aremarke0 with diacriticel marks for clarity of pronunciation.

Although the method of presentation and the form in this

book follow the same general pattern of the previous volumes,there has been a slight change in emphasis in various sectiona.

In the dialogues, we have strived to present common situa-

tions and the normal mode of speech appropriate to each situa-

tion. In the Reading section/ we have tried tc assimilate the

new vocabulary in a manner approaching the everyde7 written

forms. This is intended to prepare the student for understan-ding the type of language used in newpapers and in the radio

and television addresses. We have also continued to introducemore military terminology through dialoguna concerning basicmilitary situations.

1

2

LESSON SEVENTT-SEVEI

3

IA

461.

..'

111)!Ito,-milmomm

A44--.

The tillage of Nata in the Elburz mountains

Mughtlitk, nOrfil Teiterqn

. Mithi AlinhL_

'" 710.011111,

det".4*

Yi7 ,

4

4 1

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PERCEPT ION DRILL SEVENTY-S EN

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PERCEPTION DRILL SEV NTY-SEVEN

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PER.CEPTION DR'ILL SENIENTT-SEVEN

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9)

DIALOGUE SEVENTY-SEVEN

(Translation) 1

1- How is the weather in Iran (how iS Iran from the point of

view of weather)?

The weather in Iran varies in different parts.

2- How i3 the weathet around the coast of the Caspian Sea?

Tha climate around the coast of the Caspian Sea ia hgmid and

relatively toiperate,

3- I've 'heari that th coast of the Persian Gulf is extremely

hot, is that right?

Yes, and sometimes the, temperature reaches sixty degrees

centisrade there.

In the winter:does the weather get very'cold in Tehran?

Yes; and sometimes it snows.

5- How is the weather in'Tehran in the spring?-$

In spring, it rains a lot and the weather changes.

6- How is autumn in Tehran?

Autumn in Tehran is really beautiful.

What type of crops are raised on the northern coast?

On the northern coast,'rice and citrus fruits, are raised.

8- What type Zof crops are raised on the southern coast? ,

On the southern coast, dates are raised.

9- What is raised in the central and western parts?

In these parts barley and wheat are raised.

1.0- Are coffee and tea raised in Iran too?

Coffee is not, but tea is raised on the northern coast.

10

1

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS SEVENTY-SEVEN

" meaning "value, worth" is used in the following sensess

J

411 L

1,6R1

J

441.t61 r `` ; " FJ

how much

Row much rent do you pay a

month?

3 0 much

I had never enjoyed a MOVie30 much.

S 0

I'm'so tired that I can't sleep.

He speaks Persian so well thatyou wouldn't believe he,is not

Persian.

no matter how....

I'll buy it no matter howexpensive it may be.

as much as

I don't enjoy movies as much as

you do.

"mit only but" is rendered by ti 41; . 1.4z 4;

in Persian.

Example:

11

fr

1

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS SEVENTeicSEVEN

jc)ijIzie 4= 4;

i....40..ecjli

r "J4t La; )) L44.

fJIJJA 144

r 43LLoru-L:-,3 4:**

Not only the food in thatrestaurant is good but it isinexpensive too.

Not only,do I go to school inthe daytime but I have classesin the evening also.

Not only is the merchandisein that shop good, butthe prices ere reasonable also.

He speaks not only Persianbut Fronoh also,

Q

* In this statAment, since both verbs are the same, thesecond verb maybe omitted.

12

GRAMMAR DRILL SEVENTY-SEVEN

*I ).1. J " tiP'17'

riot, J-10-11..\- T

4:.3711trovii LtYA t

t I 1

YJ *kr' J ;." " ul-P3 I 5 I )416 A

...I

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0

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4,; ir.JJ ja.L. Iv

JUJIcip; ItjJ.)11. .IATZ....1444 ...n

tJjltwoljif VIJ.. T.

ol)if ;)R.J Tit,J.ikv. JLJ,II ):"J11 Gm- TT

thiJkvA. jP.' 85 ?J. 1*

13r):

4

GRAMMAR DRILL SEVENTYSEVIN

?JAI?. jAolikti Tt

T.A..J44.3)... ;As JJ4c.ASJII. To.g..WILd .prA p.A

oga:4 01,0 1p.A.1%.:, .... TY

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T I 4..:46 4.1.t." A; L. j I pi.

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t

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GRA)IMAR DRILL S ENT YSEVEN

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ONIGV211

READING SEVENTY-SEVEN

Questions on reading:

c:, Is I trC

.11J ri 4 _.Y

tr,yJLLJI,m ts- rt 4; XJ,.! &il}.4101.1.)%1

t 44. o

111 JAA0 J )."

t G J

I')

,

,./f J el 4 1 - r14 j I J.."r . i

,17

HOMEWORK SEVENTY-SEVEN

Use each of the following items in a sentenae.

Example 3

J1J is rJj.;.

18

Jpetts IlAso

r1/2 - t

4104 _

;I ....

4441 "

j1.6; A

iec

VOCABUIARY SEVENTY-SEVEN

from the stazxl point of

shores

Caspian Sea

e

j S-4" "

damp, humid `-..

moderate Jtruss

Persian Gulf c.e

extraoriinary 0J6J1410

centigrade JIAsr.;

to rain, to snow (`-;/: 01J1.1) 0111J1:

It is raining today ;it? 411:

it rained yesterday

tomorrow it will rain

changeable

really

crop (crops)

19

)1:

I 1.61 a I 11: `

VOCABULARY SEVENT.Y-SEVEN

to grow, to be raised (only used in referenceto vegetation)

dates,

central

western

wheat

barley

not only

'-to this extent

various, different64181.

citrus

,to pick

to pick flowers, to pick fruits

g

ts:Ji

46111 a.;

J

C.)4-24" lir

eitaer

'IR' ;A

.LESSON SEVZITT.-EIGHT

21

-

- p.' :.'"

dor*Aar- 4N.

" 411

'W

-MP

1*

2:.

Shemiran, located at the foot of the Albors Mountains

22

.d1114

r

,

:

PERCSPTION DRILL SEVENTY-EIGHT

jot

I jr1.1 4; ;I v.& cp.)

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)

J I

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23

PERCE4PTION DRILL SEVENTT.EIGHT

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PERCEPTION DRILL SEVENTY-EIGHT

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DIALOGUS.SEVENTTEIGHT

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C--.tr, 4; 6 01 A44*

Jr.. ur: 614$ t.Pief 4.4 4.:LiN pal

4a dttbA rIk! 44 P I** P:' sio."4

c...410 algab rLlii J10 j 4:144.40J Ago* $ 4

DIALOGUE S,EVENTY-EIGHT.

(Translation)

1- Captain Jones* which bramch of the'service do you belong to?

I am in the artillery branch.

2- Have you ever been in the front?

Yes, I was 'in Korea for two years.

3- Whit was your job?

I was the commandr of a battery.

4- Did you fight the enemy at the front lines?

No, we fought the enemy from the roar (behind the linee).

5- Does the artillery fight with the enemy only from behind thelines?

Most of the time yes, but sometimes it also fights at thefront lines.

6- Who'operates the guns?

The gun crew does it.

7- How many men does the gun crew consist of?

It depends on the size of the gun. Usually it consists ofnime men.

8. Is the artillery used only in assault?

No, the artillery ia used both in assault and in defense.

9- What is the most important task of the artillery?

The artillery gives fire support to the,infantry.

10- Then, the artillery and the infantry must cooperate?

Yes, the cooperation of the artillery and the infantry iB

always necessary.

2i

4

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS SEVENT -EIGHT

rresent Sublunctive

It will be useful hare to recapitulate the various uses of the)present subjunctive and to add''some remarks concerning them.

The present subjunctive is used:

1, After " 1114 " (must, ought),, referring to the present orfuture, ass

-s.htft ir u 4.4

I must go.

He must learn Persian.

2- After * JLt P (perhaps, maybe), referring to the present orfuture, as:

.144 JP.* 4..L4

r 4;Laitbstr-Lui .04

3- In conditional clauses, as:

rtf.1

'.1..-mo.fre-;, 1JLIP.

Perhaps he is home.

I may go to the librarytonight.

If I have time, I'll come toyour house.

If you leave now you willarrive on time.

4. After " 4...1044" (with or without 4r)fora state or condi,tion about which there is an element of doubt, orwhich might ormight not come to pass, as:

J,ke It is possible that he mightcome.

294

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS SEVENTY-EIGHT

-1/41e C.) IIt might rain.

. .

5- After the auxiliary verbs " ciLmily; " (to be able) and" (to want):owww

(.1 "ith-f*r;11:"c.,AAS si I j ore .11 "MIA;

I can go to the library.

He can't believn this.

6- After the verb " .i.CuLti pc" (to request), aa:

A1L J ;It f4A. aiA113.Jr..,

Please come to our house.

Whenever a verb foliate another verb and is dependent upon theprocr. ing verb for its action, the se:.ond 'verb appears in thesubjunctive. Each Of the following examples may ba used withor without " N.

± J JK`ti J)IJ PI

fr. ,pf jtabf c.; resc L

etratLifJ;

).06 j;Ijc-jts

)1 is); tf-sw cr

trz JlavJ,.4#h I 1.A

30

I !

He-has in mind to do this.

We have decided to go north.

The commander ordered every=to go to the barracks.

He Is used to eating dinnerat Aix o'clock.

I have to get up early in themorning.

I think the weather is goingto be nice tomorrow.

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS SEVENTY-EIGHT

J tr. j 4* 1 kit.. cjtJ 3 1

He told me to go to his house.

He wants to learn Persian.

7- After " b " (ly the time that, until), in general statementsand risferir'..:Ag to the present and future,'as:

Jib$J J.LrL JdLb

. b

4:-104 4 41-0)-64o-JJ b::.;

r:Sta; JO: r:rej dj.1

31

4

By the time you come dinnerwill be ready.

It'll be too late by the timeyou get here.

.Don't eat until you get hungry.

If you don't study you willnot learn.

I won't believe it unttl I seeit.

GRAMMAR -DRILL SEVENTY-EIG.11/

t .1.1:.........:6.0; &I..) I?. 16,4 I

tc......Irli4Age.j.tk- j Yt L14; J 1.4 Itc... Ir

I' c...... i ors ..; 6.0; ..:....)

t Ar......,.tiv: 014.2it. 0 Ltiti

t

t .1/41 J.11 It* .4per j J 4:494,6 . 1

t Que.'. lo J.pf dif Lir j J of . Y41.11t- A

it cz.....er j LAIT 1 INV Isji at, J Vls.am a. i

t Jo. JI.t 0 Spit,. lej. 1/14". aril . i it At Jjito Mt. crmte J 4 464,t..1.).%;.) J L.: I Y

? 4:...1 Jillta t> J 11 44en .1.," J j j . i t.

t . 3.4p 4 4: - cp.:. J 4 0.4:e. 1,6:j J 6;1AV i i

taiji&:11jtC! IJsr,t; I _ i

T At.11.$41A!)te.i. L'I I 1

t 'It; Wit:Jtt: 1J`r,7 4.2;:i I N',

I A

I' k:-..I jai; 11; rh eiryfsri.' at 44 .Li- I i

L. 1'

? tr-14ry; ,..,ti. .2;.-4x)6 01,1j jt 4, its j Kt 10. j J ...:Lwit: 1 Y

Y Jipte jKt catUJ JJ..:Iiiv; 1 t

32

GRAMMAR DRILL. SEVENTIEIGHT

t7s.,,,,tttli.3).3 jbyj j 4.1

604 43 6.03 Y 1

r4. cclt &tu1 1TYtc-...14Ar e.1.5r114;dJt% titti-4 0.17 TA

tc.I rtk4A.4ta".4.0;1.4augfrliu:4J116140....)tla.14

t eAek, I

coti....4..) b I y

t 4o1.16rat;

t 1,48

,Ltie be.ty. kJ...L: tt lj LI.J*1.4 .; t

t a;liv: t T

tatz,...A.:6v,..iI L.4

thafik:. .0111 ...it

t

t fpih/t 6;6.0v0 LAO t

33

GRAMMAR DRILL IIITEN/T-EIGHT

t fi'%; lj :6141: otif

Al; eaer It! 54"; 412;1*-1: t A

t J11.411..14pi t I

trJJeiiiJ -re a JON. Cora: J Act;

t rt..141.0. di, cr. T

t..t.;,stieJ 01.40.0. Ji Act, 0;6. t

roltuJJ-4-4 t5erJ1 L

L.t let Lai/ J.:16);

t .1.011 a.; lig La.j..A;Iji cir

te")411* J d kr".4Jrle J ri ji+t-j14 LAIL" ce 4AJIJJ

....111

...

1.

tipito J.:14: libifi 01,11r.,4 I

t lp,i4S j..1:61 014 1 t

J. L.j I A; 63),S 1tL . tt 61,41. J44,7 .; L. .6J I JI..; . 1

t trw.a Ls cj 61; 4.;1ji Iti . 11

flliasJL4 le..;Liv.1,ijiCab .1YJ jj trkAa (1.1%; 4 Ago ewaysf j j J 1A

fLim v.% J.) . 11

34

4

a

4

READING SEVENTY-EIGHT

tcm; I az 4) I j J.1.4. ;1 IA 4:6.4,7;

cs: (AL r I JIN 40 J I i.Late.

9. 11S. 111.; u$1...A I Al 4; UN Itga4t..4 01:.; Jte

*j.43.1 jir.4.11 .1.4- ;1 4iLiNc..01J) T JI Q.4.I

.4.10 01, Jji..$ A-4-01.- Jir-ur

a kVA 14:1

j 4.11 j; ; j1 lAal A I j ciL:11. ,

/41A 44' /41 J J.- s 4 41-tea

As rial, I (Ja olta.,,

Several

35

4 Ia.

READING SEVENTY-EIGHT

Questions on reading:

JI j Le j /1.40. ;1 lot I

t 44. ti* 44m. Jo j pa.A. 4i; LAV co. T

I %Le LjIj4JL, 4G...IJSr

t4.1,4i):*.e.atIli;40,1j; 4:6Ep::

tjArjeget, jimtgelg ;111;4;614}....0IJA um O.

Jj1J pal XI- Isairu

I) Nr Po; Lff

alt }ta A

t Lw IJ,S'JL.tI4hvLJ1

t AI.? I j I pa. el.-. .1.

HOMEWORK SEVENTY-EIONT

Translate the following sentences into Persian:

1- Rice and tea are raised in'the northern part of Iran.

2- The climate around the coast of the Persian Oulf is extremelyhot and humid.

3- ,Not only he is a good student, tut he i3 a good father too.

4- What do you want o much whiskey for?

5-. It was so cold y,sterday that I had to stay home all day.

6- I had never en,joyed a trip so much bsfore.

7- Not only do they have good food but they have good music too.

8- Dates and citrus fruits grow well in the southern part of Iran.

V OCABULARY S'EVENTY-EIGHT

branch, corpa

front

war

Korea

job, profession, occupation

1.

lines

to fight

enemy

rear

to ccmaist of, to be composed of

assault, attack

defense

duty

infantry

38

44

(

Jr.4.

1,f

j00.0

1114:41.

ft.14

/4.

46.1.41;

C) JS Iatior 6 41e;

Uroi: lex

VOCAHOLARY SEVENTY-EIGHT

fire support

cooperation

to cuoperate (urith)

to adjust, to regulate

to be used

39

( ) J JS. KAJI:

'1141,

/..4:114) J

a

LESSON SEVENT-T-NINE

6

,

At

One of the many vegetabiNtslie stoma _Teheran WWI

PERCEPTION DRILL 'SVENTY-NINE

: J ,1 JJi.)Li

4: Am' ' 414.", I

p I

t I j oar 1.61

: j

A: 'sr Aistsib

cX Jai I

Jeakir Vat 6.2

42

r;

PERCEPTION DRILL SEVENTY-NINE

I

. rilf... J)If IJ !I

Js Li 1 1r---- 1)7 -J I-

f 4:JA; JA IJ !I Lat. 0 i J''''

0..i.f Let: )

rho., j.f Lek

z......1 .JA1.11.7 104 ji )I

.1514G..: )1;1 U.

(

r

at.; c.)L...

PERCEPTION DRILL' SEVENTY- NINE

J),c 1,;* L.1 is4Gz5I

*Z.4.4V d *4 L4 aLek.

j

c).-1)Y Jtexi )

."wvid." JLI

aSJI.k.,-I 1.; 1 'wit., 5

ir It .) js- G.-.: 1.4; ti;

J t.Z I A

c.....14.1.4 jkl.:..)1).4-.;4:,

,

PERCEPTION DR J.LL SEVENTY-NINE

TJ1J.:

ra jk-u Cy*

JjL....?-; crt. 44.1151)-0

J;4-...; cf:

J Love y 14,t plo t5 I I.J116 p

.0401,4bma allbor.64*.loriftaar.lart.ew

45

-;':& 1..11

-

MICA: I

d

A 0

OM

11.140

fr<k

44:

a

VP:'

-

_ANL_

%

I I

DIALOGUE SEVENTYNINE

-I, Ar ot har.-t4 ti- dt

4/14Ji Le.;

r;s (A Ara ea paih in;

I ono. 4:r 31 , I 0 Ha:

f45.11.44

."A/6).' r-1/J01;141! 40-41:-/

ratr Shum 10 (4.;. tftst LAL":0 t

41.1;; Q-4 0- 44:I ;I A,

.0)1,?6,. JO).*

. c)....4 I jJ riaJ jS1 j,0

fa IR I,j1Lr» AtehiLe

I

.5

Jm.JI is I Jo: 4,14 ILiI

%Lwow 4.). I dr Iiir

is Jr..torA tzo.9-r.

.44.;.criJ;). / Ji: cr; I ble 4f

Lt *1-4f r 1

ftt*./ 14'1° i".lf rt; P"'f 1:1 rt.: six :" LPN

47

A

DIALOGUE SEVENTY-NINE.(Translation)

By the vey, Jimshid is going to Switserland next month.

Really (are you serious)?

2-, Yes, didn't you know?

No, end / still can't believe it.

3- Homiest, (by Oodl) I'm telling the truth. H. is transferred to

Switserland.

*ere did you hear this (news)?

4- I saw him at the Officers Club last night and be told me himmelf-

Loaky for,him. I wish / would be transferred to ltiropetoo.

5- Why, don't you like it hire?

Yes, but the olimate does not agree with me.

6- Why don't 'mu ask for a transfer then?

I have thought ol it. I will make a requeat the first chance

I get.

7- Where would yott like to go?

I. would rather go to Paris.

8- As a matter of fact Paris is a good place for a person like

yon

Why is it a good place for me?

9- 'Because you are both a bachelor and a fun-loving person.'

You know it doesn't sake aey differenoe to me, I like Paris

for its museums!

10- Listen, / have a lot to do now, I'll see you later.

Then, oome to dinner tonight so that we Can talk a little more.

48

5')

GRAM MAR ANALTSIS SEVEETT-NINE

, .

L.." is used in the following senses:

Lt 4r ; I I ;?..

to make

Of what is a table made?

to manufacture

LA 4.61 1!:i. ;

.)..,jb 64;1..4.-

I ci-L J.4.4

L!..;e. 1 Ls

Ci-J"L

rt ; le 4:1:

"

They manufacture good carsthere.'

to build

They have built many newhouses in this city.

to agree with, to suit/The climate here does notagree with me.

put up with, to tolerate

We have to put up with him.

"would that" or."I wish that"

Wishes are expressed by " (sztr II, followed by the pest

progressive.

Example:

49

I wish he would come.

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS SIVIINTY-NINN

11. L ji.41C-41dish i wed rain.

ft .11\ J.:5 I *sh we mild go.

-1,4JP-64%;.:1 ot.:If I vish he could be transferredhere.

* ( J.ter) Ii5t LP*.(r.:14.) es:A.) jp4 0146

I wish the weather vas good.

I wish / had money.

In speaking of unfulfilled wishes, instead of past progrtesive,the past perfect may be wed.

&temples

111. I 'wish he had cJ.,f4 Aa JAW

taJis ourt Jupt telf!) 4.,fmt

I wish he had gone.

Disiatak.fragnimsSometimes, in colloquial Persian, the following utteramoes aresimplified es follows*

(-co !),1

I saw him.cote

* Ii ease of irregular verbs " OIllit" and " 0:4-4 J", the simplepast is used instead of the past progressive.

50

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS 81VINTI7NINN

f 4'1,16 OT

0644;

flee, ,!1)

I bought it.

I so* you.

?

In easpread verbs, the inseparable pronouno are added to thenon verbal part of the verb.

t 01;01 1.) J1

tJAith;3.tat

JJS

I turned hin out.

H. informed hip.

I invited him.

I'll use it.

GRAMMAR DRILL SEVENTr-NINE

p.st I

44*?d.tL4?JJJS,I'- l le 3 J J r

. If I t

j1 0kte

zX?lIJ J.4 A

11 .11 LJJJt ..ure j 4 LA kip; I

AA; 4.;

Y

i r

it 'St. .)1.1. .1 t

4.4 14,66.1 _ 1

'A: tY" 4"... `If

11 44 ,Sicui pi, v..; i L ,) b.-. "J --1AJ ,$ 14: 4 .11 44 )1

kli:j. t.A; k) le 4.- fa.w kji T

* fije... jA b- I

.mew*Wwwva.aaro.rmw.airer 0111011WMIVIIMO 041,4

J.; Jur: 41,.. 1Joit);14 pl.S'

52 cZ 43

GRAMMAR DRI-LL SEVENTYNINE

t's54if \ixk.A.jtf.,..014t. .YY

r40.14.0/JkjI aLt: L.4 . Yr

t j...; 1.44 Jk.6.1aLetz .Yi44; Jia. 11 jr4;IJUtz. Y o

J)-CtAwl 45 LW; 415" .Y1

,..sefjDsuldl.erc )1 TY

? J3J)tikjiaLit% 01;1 TA

Y1

..i4JAStj;L:t; 4g. ji ;I .r.,,JAL41.jk.;14514,kc....;t:):J91

414.%lm41 4rr4161 jet. )31 04. JJj..tt jt).411 1

Lrtuib

J el j 1,3.h Let, %".% %an J r A

J N. twAt 0 J J.:4w rif444 124 Ijob:-.)j 4.51-4;,0- .t

JO: I) I Ls 14; r )1. tJ)-61.4.1

.L.JA 1,4 Is, 'Lipp-4,44i, L4 .t.rTJsrs. JO: Idv-erscAld)A.VI: t t

risf Ocri sr)! f 4-4 .1. :ye re.+5.Tr.

L L 1:4:11, ;I r se r dn. *if ;mn-;irrr -104 ze) ;*ryrri ^

o irr.) tteciffl .4e" irt zr) ;swim (.1

IL it ri r'irtle 1 nr ;TP "If fr

AL it 4nr flr''"4:rtm "rie) "'Ire'

AL r ;re, vrf r %--fre 7r iriel

tL 1 irt44rgrol.er.1-7-%

irsz g 7r

to "". I leIrAff "":"%. fie r ;re;7 4

va rr-44ce r ;-"Tri

Ao r -4 :""ri ;oh ;iff) sty,.

L r 71 ;64 .Ael r r

0 0 574 t 7.4-1 r e 1.1 ir. ;IP V' 1 ":" In I ;:iir,r

19 fte ;in se r Cr

10 a- r irre. 'roll

to f ryrn r C' rc f r ..:4;47.1% 4

4 :r) ;an sr+

.nr.:(1

irc 4grirr S.

o 16 l'Iji:11.`.7"reS

Nfl rirri7S1Plffir'''.1r".4e;r3

A 1 it rriltli'lrwr ri. L 1 r r ;17710 Ir'f1(/"irr o r ;;;-;-, Irsly ire r f.*

r

3 Elfiir111110

READING SEVENTY-NINE

it..;is I ,-s T .1:44 05 ; P.; J; CIO n 3 4:: 44h.

1"; fi"""1: J ;I 4.4146!' Cl""*Pa.' Ce.A4: ) ;L-1.4.;

;-kt )-'`. .1.46- ) J JDZJI

,4C.;LA 1J ttAtas.: j AJ4.r.I

ItAry kJ A-4. cA 4-"t .15 444.11.

Jitj- JO: iJutrobrztie.JOar.3n a

az 311 44464!")'"1f tri J * 4:4° (.01` P41. PI

-1/4vd: t!-I) oi) FA. I1, 4.):":YjJ

iccht; Au' ,51-A; r-.4) dr"If L. to)f s1u144: 4.:4 A.) Glib ).$ b

READING SEVENTY-NINE

Quotations on reading:

A

44". 05 La.4 lwmir

1*"l* `t 1.;3);d13-A $.?

J J

p.e 4 64, Lires; LoS ; I

J),s" urtd-lb

ut..; LA. 4;

01,11.0.4L11121.4112. UMW t

JA

ht.; id II JrCjid Lek LP1.11 J 1141:

56

Jaz. j..4.4 14

1.!4:4 Jfelf b I

HOMEWORK SEVENTT-NIWE

Translate awl following sontancess

1- Mt friend was in Korea for two yvars.

2- Have you ever fought ths enemy?

3- Most of the time, ths artillory fights the enemy frombehind the lines.

4- Tho artillery is usod both in attack and define..

5- The obaorver adjksts the artillmry fire.

The artillery is ono of the most important branches in thearmy.

7- Each artillary battaliontas five battoriem.

8- A bettory consists of four gumar

VOCABULARY SEVENTY-NINE

'to tease,,teAkoke-,, rg

to tell the truth, to be 7erious

to lie

to believe, to accept

god

vA.

by god (In Persian the word " 14J6 " is usedfreely in polite conversation)

e transferred

ah that

officers' club

lucky for him

this climate does not agfee with me

requeJL

to request

tranoter

to -.equest a transfer

cr4/ 5

C.owl)

1

(1-

LIA.; tre s-A ze. 1

Le to/

j.f

J

Liac,

VOCABULARY SEVENTY-NINE

Orportunity

hum.an being, person

bachelor, an unmarried man

something said, talk, word

I took his word

Switzerland

59

LESSON EIGHTY

60

44,sta-,

4

#11111111, IL

-* I io

00

44AMIL

Metrorclitan Teheran looking north on Perdowsi Avenue

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY

r;Se 0J1J rAe-1

J.'S FSe

t44-. J LI trc

JIA;

1,J j LAT I j raLis lex

%I) jutt I) us/dm

tikt;;-: Juil oh;-.14,..fi 44 Ls

F

.0 Jr: )1 Je. bl)Ltw.

(

479

.4."4 9 it "P wet en Pr rl

.11( r

luIIf r f rr

r if &tit r I' 1 .4 ( 1 rr

-11( 1.7% r r

r f1rr.

" f 1 :r )

ai-Tt

741 fr r 0.4

r r "."( f r

NOI,Ld3313Ed

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY

t4e...be %;...t.1 6 JI.J j 0 pi

, f 4: ji.1 , le 043 dit--7 =---

014040410tarlamArbwiumbreambfaraiseirs1140.1146204

65

1

1,0,...i -Is 41. 4.1r,

1

Le .sm cz N 80

04.1 ,

nIALOGUE EIGHTY

Ls 6T

4J1,i0J.fr5 k..z. 4$ .0! 1

J 1-+;#1 11; `LIAI )-'1.".

4.4 rh )17 I (4m. 4;

j LAT I j L.:J I CS: ....

)t-Reilj csi 41-7 I "*.- I 4:-06 I AN

L.J c14I az-1J

.7.1

t.s 4:5* I 0.4.. job jr '14

4.4. oJ L I tatLA-61,--41

GiIT.IJIJ J *

e.lwero I uldite j ". els...244

t

I G4 L Y

J,41 rY" Lkit. 4A-I 4 4.44 A 41

ca4,1Jr;v1,0h4L4.4JissA

.014.: .0-h

I a.; 1.+43 4L)I 1)1 I.4tt¼

rib 0) I

67

0DIALOGUE EIGHTY

(Translation)

1- Hello Mr. Rod, May I help you?

I have brought my clothes to be cleaned.

2- En you just want me to wash them?

No, please iron them too.

3- Shall I starch your shirt collar?

Not my sport shirts, but starch my white shirts.

4- By the way; what is the spot on your sleeve froma

This is an ink spot.

5- Do you want me to spot clean your suit?

Yes please. By the way, do you do mending too?

6- Of course. Dces your suit need mending?

Yes. I've burned a hole in my lapel.

7- s it a cigarette burn?

Yes, do you think it will show after molding?

8- No, I don't think so. Nhen do you need your clothes?

The sooner the better.

9- Unfortunately it won't be ready until Wednesday.

Then, at least get ono of my white shirts ready for tomorrov.

10- try, but I can't promise.

Very well, I'll come tomorrow in case it is reidy.

68

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY

"as as possible" is rendered by "d47,0.0)" with the compa-rative adjective.

Example:

Note:

as quickly as possible

as much,as possible

as fast as possible

as completely as possible

'qhen the comparative adjective ". better - A.4± " is added tothe above examples, the meaning would change as follows:

69

the sooner the better

the raster the better

the more complete the better

_the' more the bett3r

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY

t4tjl..1

TJ.J. ji6 44.Ij-117.

bias-

ti: tS "1!1"obt.;): )101

44 a 'LI -.Lag .r1'

'II o

id

444 )1'1 I EhtL4--Iti s it 4t.

,121 I j ot..1.1 b

4.1e)41.1 b.41.A.

thkt:Sp.61 I j oLubljo

J hIllb I zo

jlATIj AIL. crAI 4.44 )I

jih.robtigt jp.1

I JIAT I J Ob:110wItAJ

t Ota. JT J 014-4.14it: 11

At.; LAT bas 4.1 4*.

ult. 4'4 C ;I I J ObJ10I'l `:

XS' I J Ob:310virl CPAS ge.4

I ;hi I jazjp...

4:4 he* At- I kr kJ 41:-"; ;

114,.).i.j1Jarld;H j(14,r,.1

j I L.. 4S3

TJ)I..)4)-4;463 )11..ri4 Yr

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY

T C..41 ob.:All cp.:Zmv I 1' t

Ijob.:.^lAtv ....To

A'S I cpAl .T414 I I (

T )1 tj,,W ...

T ,;( i! L4 r.t a I: I r

rrt .14 j At; kte L.t

t.)Clidut-1)-AIda:S4it. I I T

ta4*. Odolkotbaelfi r I11 Jr. jIJ tke:.,' a...IA.4 L: ...TV

j1Jilzr.1 tea* jot j I A

tJjIJ cy.0.1 jtot

414)1.1 of.)et 14 - tTJJIJ c:L.1.1 die .91

Jp.! 414 iTT

LA-if I j t

il-er tr. .frA J- ; » ts I t °

1.14 : .PJli cr.)." (5-1.9 r;14-; 441: urf t 1

71

GRAMMAa DRILL EIGHTY'

4.4 A, I, jut." );;! .4; #-A t A

.0.14:, Jae 1

r JiJui 0.1, L.,. 0

II

1. i I o r

41J'4.? 1 or

5'141J1J4r1),:i4r. o 0

,r,..4»41eJ1Jijy; Litt 11 o

Jj1.J 51 . oy

c,,1 "4, ook

cr l; 4:4. cri". 01

(s.r,Lz;1

r d 4 cr.; }4:f 1.5 LrAL4d I /1

r id J Lpt.7r irr.,...,14:1; Ijokz.J L.: It

4.:1;

r 44 xi) s. 1.0

)1.z. diS 71

72

READING,EIGHTY'

tS ; I cA j J1; cs, 1:41

)51 aL:,et. A4 40 44i Ls! ).*" 1.1-1 IjJ1 et ,1 L4tL4bIJ Od cli.24.-1

(s;-A1)..N alspa. )114 0.14:AI AN

t.1 14 ( T ° ) "40vo cyLIII At% Ja tia41.11 I Jo/

J

J tSJ Lk* 6 a 4. 4 .1.4,A 4,0111 Q.-- I

; irz-th* "" Lr JI::°f ;1-

th1) 14- Ls! 5-*" 010 J 4f. I

tra I j

* customers

73 s

REAnING EIGHTY

Questons on reading:

01-4::.0-JLA $ 1ks ARO id 4-1.JJJA

at;11:.:*. t; J r

fauj.....- J641 J C.P is? P-4141 al) J., t

TX4*. Ojn-ki t4.*7:J

I a; AA. aLf" L)-6 IAN PI I ti I

ta; Alt J j jUIT k$ I At

TC-fta*101/5.0:k1"1:JC,r.IJJOJ50/Z..0 --A

alaftill celp j 41. CAI JKil: AlAa

tj '4.- 41 ce. I j tr

* custurn,3rs

71

HUM7WORX EIGHTY

Translate/the following sent)nces into Ilbgliobs

1- I have requested to.be transferred to Germany.

My friend intends to give a b!g party at the Officers Club.

wish I could ep,ek Persian well.

4- He told Se the "Pirayesh Store" vas open tdmight and I tookhis word for it.

5- 1 don't believe what you are saying.

6- Captain &rosy is a bachelor and he intends to stay a bachelor.

7- Some people always tell ths truth, some people always lie,-and others sometimes toll the truth and sometimes lie. Thethird group is the most difficult to bblieve."

VOCABULARY EIGHTY

laundry

iron

to iron, to press

collar

to stareh

sport

stath

to dry clean

sleeve

ink

to mend

to-need

hole

f ire

cigarette ashes

76

49

p Jsks A:s" 4:53

.4016

VOCABULARY EI.GHTY

to burn

my finger is burning.

to burn

the cigarette burned my finger.

the sooner the better

to try, to make an effort

to promise

77 4

J.it-IP fi-411

4j1j,-- r:s; I Er-

LESSON EIGHTY-ONE

78

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGFITY-ONE

J A`'

r) J !): .1/4.3 J1 0 J.,'"ueviii Lj J 4. jU 6,61.j L

c

4.) Li

11L14J.rkb,

UtLA) -64t.t;

-64 tv tit .1"1

'Li) I 11) 15.t. "ft; 11i

ok;-It; lc-41J

8 0

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-ONE

j1j.t' jtj c...)Lar

t:P 1.""iI

.L.4 or exey cr.

4.43; (5.4.j L jL..Li:..:

,. j `1111)

j,t

JtLr .1/2.) t>. c tal.

Jr: J1/2.-J

t 45 Li, u3.:

1.1111. - IL Lemm c, P4 81-iiii:::1 el* 1 .1i)(")

7444li 7

LI 1 I

614

...u..)4° ------ _ PI)

la2 ,-_--

vv - ii-M hsileRP.. ..... .

. .

2' ';;;.'". A 11;ria,.

,..

,AL.

......

r§ -ge6 1',s-

i- /1 :Nal.*ifIX

_..<........_

Ai 114R

i- 11",7i

Ia.

r i 1 #1,- -

44. ..... -.-..

000 IIIIp:

'qi

....

I 11

2

I

s,.....

.....,_

---:,---.

ri PIATEIT7017..

.

LaS.1 Alit11111&12-4,

9.1

C\ 7.

D 4.11t4Inn

.

......)4,

az

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-ONE

. cI tsi,

J.) I rtihji 1.1) tcrT

0.0 !s1 4.) I J I ).431

ejIJI C"..1

oIrm.1

r44,

%.:..101,..)..64. ;I rt.;

t

..L.Lh..t.t. LI; 1.) a )1. Um rLti

-te LI; 1.74: Li".1.1e L.L.: 1.0 0;

L"'"ff l7 OTiI ! L! J

IMIX

4.:J .1.1. rh Els 4>t J Y

. I 1.4: sz, Ls. j I List oi Alt

J ICJ J A

J-L J Va. ç

Ji tot; 1.) ti J LAI; j I

414 01.4.; I) 05-0 LOA elat a.) La:41c, 1.`"; j I

d J K.C1 47c, J 6-17 rte. 0.0 4.1.43 j J ....

C.' I4 J 4.t..atii Cio. I 04.1.43 .) J

83

5

DIALO,GUE EIGHTY-ONE

1- Does Iran have cultural relations with America?

Yes. There is an organisation in Tehran for this purpose.

2- What is the name of this organisation?

It I. called "Iran-Amerioan Cultural Sooletrand InformationCenter".

3- What is the most important task of this organisation?

One of its tasks is the preparation of films (of sights, ofIran) about Iran.

4- Which of the films "Sights of Iran" is the most interesting?

I think the movie "The Capital of Iran' is very interestimg.-

What (sights) do they show in this movie?

They show different buildings and streets in Tehran.

6- Do'they shoW the Police Department Building?

Yes, and ths faoade is very interesting.

7- Do they show the Department of JUatice Building in this movietoo?

Yes. That i3 one of the magnifioent buildings in Tehran.

11- What do they do in the Department of JUstice?

They manage the logal affairs of people there.

9- Which of the economic organisation do they showl

Of the economic organisations, they show the National Bankof Iran.

10- What other organisation has helped in the produotion of thisfilm?

The Ministry of lducation ham helped in preparing this film.

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-ONE

east Subdunctive

Past subjunctive is rendered by the past participle of the prin-

ciple verb with the present subjunctive of the verb "to be- 0..1The past subjunctive of the verb " 04.1...)-to see" is formed by ihe

subjunctive of the verb " " preceded by " J".

TV:11 ° 66-J

640121166.6)

The past subjuncti;re is used:

1) To refer to an action or state in the past about which there i3AU element of doubt.

Example:

rt .44 I, fit; r; tap;

eAA,;- lit7-1;5 rAxsib;

J.:.411...i.jr: j.6..;

I don't k4ow whether I've seenthis movie or not.

I don't know 0,ether he has

read this book or not. 1

I don't know whether they havesold.that house or not.

2) To refer to an action presumed to I been performed already

or a state presumed to 1 in e7.1stence.

&ample I

85

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-ONE

I'm afraid the foiod might have

been burped.

L I'm afraid he might have told

him.

L rtr.r

-3-4, II 1/2) b rSt

I'm afraid they might be gone.

I think he might have arrivedby now.

ix:. jittp. jlt. I think he might have fallen

sick.

rt d Jj; Lsj.a. 0,0 I think I °might have caught

cold.

3) After " -1.;Lrmust, ought" refers to the past:

ejj He mus' be gone.

j. ..)) They must I. 4,ve returned.

'44. LIJ., L., They must have aten dinner.

uhtilThey must have gone to a movie.

4) After ", JA.4 - pertaps", refers to the past, unless the Letion

or state refeired to is continuous.

86

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-ONE

J.:4 sil.4 'You might have read this book.

J-Z to-LrailHe might have gone to a movie.

J.: 1. ) 1), ..LL U He.might have returned.

I) 1.40.0 j.0 He might like this food.

J.: It

87

0

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-ONE

114Jut-0-12:1// 6)/45tajIJ J6.171 £I, j y45 )Z4. 1: --T

iJJI.J(s;r);11-1:111,J 6),4s?.te,.. rTJJ1-1J-LAJ3-61,1,)olAti Ictri t

)13.1. of, I I j IA .1.47;

4aara I 4.5 L j Y

1.1.;j1JA..hitia.Ildroe L. LA j A

sa;j1J*4:11..)J.1:111)) L I

114:-**1%.,-4-4.)b,franc L4-601) iTjp.14. A , ,..)1.10

ltLs. Jigs J J telt; 0

jLm .11fJI) ati _ 1A

f1dJ.JI j 01.. j 1.4. fit; .11.

--) L., L J " fit; Lut T1

friendly relations

88

GRAMMAR-OR I'LL EIGHTY-ONE

0 rrAte 6.4 (;) 1-a; I-6 uS 451.e

_rot 4.L.111 ,J

LA

ih).;.." .11,11 .rdtI j I L1. 1.4 ; I Ls.L. _t.

ualbjKtr. ($1.4CLIf

r Ls: LA )15 Ls.1 el; t

4,5 r tS J Loz; I LA )15 t r

.1;." L,.; I, Ls; j kr 41. 11. A.; j ....tt.

89

GR MAR DRILL EIGHTY...ONE

t..L.a.k.014,;rA I jolj,...;1415.41:r1:4:cx1 jJ tojil."01)..3141S.:1! z..01,48 'I

¶, LOW14. ...tY4,;j1J.K.:44 jast;n1

f a.; ditC41! ja.i.:).11 JJ0IJIJ4...j7)

fJsIIJ e.".: 1,..; rtI 0.

11J)1JistlAthif 01

."4""LS4 41.1 J,IiL4

"P14"1541.61) ;I )1 JA"

or

ot

t":"".1-r"J`II-t:Ati JJ0`3,1 J1" 0

":j6. Idt)b)1-6:A

IJ" 144,6 Pi OY

A

J;-;A: irk* 44.1 "11J,1 t..f)...0.41 ;I 'I JA;A 01

LijIJ ji.s. l4; l. 40::: )44

jaiKal.6;)La 11

1 Ls: Lal 4, J.* jtc IT

j 1.4; 112;

j 1 t; Lk"; 14.40. ipjt. J \ it05. jai el; 0

I 1

jJ1 90

RICADING IIGHTY-,01116

151,e13 Iftl utL'`./e -641, 6)LI" 1)1.'1,4411 1-414

41

.14; JELA ',it- Lft; la ;IA bl I j Kob c,,t1.g

14." 0 .1,4; .5" ALA 14.;

0 1)4; a 14; La- Li- d.) I Le; Jtv-171, 4. "2-4 ti5 .1/41

ott 4=-1 "1-41 " 1: I) I Lt. 4..4 " j011 I Ara. 01)4; 4.7J 1.1..

J.J VI .1t L".)

4.1 af ar Ltflj 0; 644 j * 1)...; I Az j I JA,

rr 4,1.s," Li oi Jumt I c.;.

4.;.S.r almk; alajt5elzy.,44.1

110

0:1 cji.) If; Lev JJi c*/ tas- c.)!"1. vie 451; I:

eLS J tmi I trajl; tit" tr .1 Lai

A.

REAVING EIGHTY-ONE

Questions on Reading s

1

Co..0.1.14" etft c)--1

...4: .4. 4, trim.ib 0.0

jj.t- lrj alit/La sj 14 I t

I tiy AO. 44- 4416 j 4 01)4;

J... 4.4%; 1J-4,.: is L4 4 t. L 1

t J: L., ty44,..401.)...il.K.4.).; N

4.4 Ali- L.44:11 4.); Lgar-4-4 J.?'"

.5.414 J4w 65./...S 41.1 Et5 J II

21- &Jr tz,...1 .

92

" , )

,

1

HOMEWORK EIGHTY-01(1

Use etach of the following verbs in a sentence.

Example,i.

ee

WM*

J.S.#1I 4111 1

cJi jlmer T

it; 1.3 Etio.

t"

P

1141. "Lie

rA -1

AL4es clpeS4 Y

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-ONE

relations

,culture (alsos dictionary)

cultural relations

friendly relations.

Ministry of Education

purpose

organitation (s)

1 j;

r

dessurdr-

views, sights, scenes. (plural of: .

interesting 47-nr.

building (s) ( cjILA,

police department

facade, doorway

worth seeing

the Hall of Juatice

magnificent, luxurious

J4.)

1 ' . ;

%Alb

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-ONE

judiCiall (legal matters)j

trade (trade relationa)

to investigate, to attend to,to put under consideration

95

(au; jutIts) alA;

-0-31 J4"="j

L.

-1

.41

ok.

MOO

f000000001.00

80008060.00$0000000

I

ie Ministry of Nthce, Teheran

97

:1

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-TWO

pi )

5.17

.6 61,1 j, oti

c---4; LrYSCrti Pr' t>g/

4.4.1..ti j. trey, 041

-6,1)* )

jtj

if i

C""*;

c--s; 1,1 lonst t

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTYTWO

: )10t.

41.r tjAher

JI-AA 6-11;

.1:-S 0*-:."1" jf12.1 .1/2";

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-TWO

)

J

4.z)

rlaSjd

4-4

j 4 L511

100

Jtj

6:-

Lasso pis 82fK-41 I

,....... ....-

..-..... Jef1

44*vo 0 _i E I

r

fl? /70C.,_r .. Ii4

IF: .

dfrelic-,

ist47,,

40411tgi .I

0 et

,i0e(,-; ,

i4r:I. elLo.t - -6.-ic:%.

N\ici--->,,

000Or ,

. ...,,.ca or ae'att ' c co0 e. cy. Ca Ca 01.1 410 ca Cs 0 0 a 0

Ca O C.. a ., CP IF!, [:, 46dIC:r

0 GO

y \ r 7:-. ? 4co

oN.ff-

W

---.-2

'4,- ,,....-",..

--). rillila

coirart..4 CI! .., ?ifx

,., :,....

6, i 4: 4 r7,:c=

t t a,_0 Inn ai, "Ili' z

r.,

Sqlln (r _-Jet

0 C..

4( otok

_

101

DIALOGUE EIGHTT-TWO

t 1:-:kr -11.Yar CA' t>1.1 Jt

Cl."1 t) 4"," kj;Ji.*: ivAr eXi

C.S.r.: CAtiao en% J L ..-

ft4/4-14:" Y6° CPO ft) (AA t)* 6 A

4143 I., 4:- 46 4-41: J -

1, 4.0; !)C..416.0 &;1.4: ollpi

&Ai; Was &IL 044; jr.4.poz. ttli. 4,;1.1.21

tjj.»61,1,. J.:JJ tsjarte44...:

rtasi :-t 411A 441;

t 1)

I.:J.111e 41= 0.2 44 cio.l.r.;1 41.111 !pie

e.LA 4), L .11)J I; 4:02. Y

J..; J".1 4:01:1 )11: Le tx.

A

./-4-14 LfL b t;L: 11". "I- ;e1/4JAI -1:4" c---4t

Ja4ge fliA. 1.) cptio bAlts

jug. r JKI di-gb 0.0

J.),%) 414:Sb 41.; J'Af.; &Av.* 4Aie la 6 I.;

1021 ' '

DIALOGUE EIGATT.TWO

(Translation)

1- Lieutenant, what is thim picture about?

Thi_my picture is about our advance towards enemy lines.

Did ,you participate in this operation ?

Tila, my company and I took part in this operation .

3- Who prepared the operation map?

Captain ?Omani prepared the operation map.

A- Why did Captain Tehrani prepare the operation map?

Because he was the commander of operations.

5- ,Did you advance at night or in tibe day time?

Aocording to the operation map, we advanced at night.

6- Hadn't the enry laid winos in your mar

Tee, theyhad, and me had to crop sev%ral mine fields.

7- Rad they laid anti-personnel mimeo or anti-tankminee in,

your's/ay/

Theyhad laid only anti...personnel wines.

8- tdd you suffer heavy casualties?

No, because we advanced behind tank tracks.

9- Why did they wivance behind the tank tracks?

Becaus tanks explode the mines.

10- lo, you always employ this tactic?

No, unfortunately one can't use the same tactic all the time.'

103

GRAMMA,R ANIALYSIS EIGHTY-TWO

"Whetbea.... or not" is rendered by ge4.6 .04." in Persian.

SUR) le I

c 46; 4-r tr. CA L: d-r

J.P.

rt; &v. eFf14 .16 414.

fgt., j.:14-41

%ft; ear 6 ..1.012. &Fe-

e ekre 14-1

6 ..11,1146. dur

Jte 131 ter

\

Clauses introduced by tlie conjunction or..ft. normally

precede the principal aentence, but sometimes the conjunctional

clause can be used oiler the principal sentence.

Whether it rains or not, he

will go to Carmel.

Whether I finish my work ornot, I will come to your house

tonight.

Whether you vine or not, I would

have gone to the movies.

Whether my wife wonted it or not,wculd hove bought the car.

é A's" IS J," YI 0-r

11416:Pli I? I

.t.c. Jpi. 5.01 +61- 6 Littio:

Whether it is cold or not, hewon't weer sn over-cost.

Hs won't weer sn over.coetwhether it is cold or.not.

"Whether..., or" is lso rendered by 9.61r. . 9 ir Persian, tut

the conjunctional clause will be in positive form.

I )104

GRAMMAR'ANALYSIS ZIGIT'TY-TWO

'rumple $

A.:19:fidqr Whether it ie cold or hotihe woe't wear an over-cost.

44fre;

When both verbs in coujunctionel clauses are the same, normallythe second is omitted.

.LLtJ±! .111

jrJ IWhether the weither is cold orwarm, he won't wear an over-coat.

In tha fcllowing example, ear g may be translated asfoliows:

&WAX L &Jr 1111.

cw 1 4 A.; L. rt.": Al

Whether it is derense or attack,. the plan of operation dependa on

the comnender's (iecision.

Both in defense and attack, theplan of operation dependa on the.ccematder 'a decision.

SornPt tines whether....or" is renderid in Persian by " lt. ,

j* 1 %Le.;I don't know wheth r it is redor white.

105, )

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGATT.TWO

t

?dpjjjiIj.jJt 011 141; ktVe 11,1

t ippte 1.4

tka; 6.16p. el; .1Ars .; jo 04,.) t

106

GRAMMAR DRILL EIG14 TT-TWO

'...11; 1.45 att. T t

t Lk L,b 4.4.2%.* L -jj J.4,14,4441; 1-1

.1.11 J tel.& aft:1; 43112 .1.; T Y

tc.1...10L-14:),,:...)Li )0,1 5lj.1.24 TAV.Sjiate t>101.) JJ cy6,4J V i

o!J J rt>f 4tz j -01 o!j

j 1 .4,t, ij 4.40.4

a.,.1 Jij,; t.2.:t .5.S. 01. j.)10.1 r t

46= ji; 0..r 1.: o

;2.44 .31; 614i, cns

t> 4.1jiolikr- A r y

r A

t J UV ILL %b.".

t

L.c.,...,;......10JJ l;

1 t I J eL t

t

et.:b 44: Cpie b t t

44e t>g L. .1,4.1. "46 j:.; towl ji; 44e 0.2.

107

I

GRAMMAR DRILL KICl/MTT.TWO

Adt. 411..A JAP tons j 60. QS" t 1

airmtvi el; ij IhJ tVote J.US Le.: lib J.:Sc.-5.p Itp, JS'l t A

t hSJJ. t 01; L.. 1).se

t Jj1.1

t b uL.4. 4.*Lee.A Lar J e

(.4. dialfb ats- J b y

A rtswee; agb Alt"'!) J °ral:

7J jet to rrb.4.7 4:141 ..1t..-1.) ..L; Iv; 110

el-A at JyaLts av-16

ts.) f6";1.).:, Lit y

j1j.t. 4;41;),) A

I J-4;1* Tfr'" crvte 01.)4 b

4:1; A Levu jI lt; 1

t .4.°)-P1

4; .44; J L.4.ft 1 t

t t.f.j t Lej 1 ...k.;1Ji 1 t'

t .1) 1 t

4.1:4;:) .1 tr.) cgs L L4 or: 1 1

.4,14'51 4.11A44* 1 1

ANN.

4;-..$11 JJ ii 44 4:1" 0IJUlog

READING EIGHTYTWO

4: Lft 06.4 .) ;17.," 0)1'1 .f`a r-44

LrLA J.L% e_ j LA%

J..: fa/ is. Q. 110 ji

iL, 0 ji. 11.)... y..^.

j..401. L.L.

i.iJis 4p iftwa J J.; isji

stA Atit Lp c- J3-414 3-4. a, ./.11., te6

J j J J./ Atii: J 1,44 J.; .010, cp.r

t>i

4,-tr.)659 01j1:). 44,* J. .Pi;

41.1 t. 4.> r,,A;

..LehA .A.:1 4.311 Alar. .144.31.

jJ IJ Ltigt ,"14. b).,4!";

READING EIGHTY-TWO

Qgeations on Reading:

0411; r4.

1.4-14 &:-4; -aa: T

JJ4LI 414: 05 .)-6;

Jib J.14 J JJ.Lp;

ti, rt.r. rl,sS. 64, lj

cm. j I J..A: 61.;

1.; 64. JA Jts J J: 1.); J Y

J.:St:4f eL 0!) 6. JJ1 Joe .03.4. !pi; A

110

ILL

...e r ..rry fr r roe., m 4rrr $

st, r?

.rev er :.rt. 1",..0 FY sop sfr a°.1"N

ers:I'Ller":" Srcr . f ::"ft fr, 1-7.1 s

P%r.rP srrria"'-zi

re ,,...;1;in ft' rrial rtir sirry, 1,4:1 paiv p.çrpr.Q

r+411tc3 5:"r'"`"%g "74 7'." I m".'Z

r r r rt-t):41 c 51? r rare's rri 4-r carrr

epr.- fr Ix) fry sgrfr fr r ro.r, erl 1731 18r.

IAN r frr r. C r ir,' rrfwi riari r. r

?aI$7C1, 4irr i t c rrIcT fewrf t-di° r

aucmaanb tm 2118SUB uarm fridaaued BuTmorco; awl. pm

IVONIKOH

VOCABULARY EIGHTY- TI4 0

to be related to, to concern

advance

to advanc

operations

to take part, to participate in

under the supervision of

commander of operation,

operation map

according to, in accordance with

r144

,631 JAI%

6, e

C. Lela&

ro 40

tz.11.1.6

I,

41.0 410411.71;

ALA.

mine

/ 7

tO lay mines 0:L4, I .6 t>r

nine network 444

casualties lib

tank

heavy

112

el; b

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-TWO

anti-tank mina

anti-personnel mine

as a result

tank track

ccobat situation

tactic

those (who or which)

1.1.3 ?

,

arlb

464414a

LESS.ON,,-AIGHTY-THREE

114

""

.-.

!.T...

.,

+....

.7''..!. .:s .

..: -

' - ---

._.4

- )ios.

....,..1 .

a..:

,.,

1s

e0

:.

.e

..:'

.-.

:.

' : '_,.

:It

0, ...as

..:. a./D

l,.........

.6:41:fl

.-

,>-%

..

.'

.711.4S

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTT-THREE'

(

)

ut''.*1 LJ`ia V° )LCJ Jr"=

W' )tf ) J.J,; di43

t ct.".....1 >1.1.; )tr J Le.8*-

Jaat J.pe LuJJJ k;-If

4: ..LLts Cul -1/4J-; A ufi's

J.; LI Qum," 61 S ir

1

r- 'IP t.): .

4 IV; f J'sg,

t 14. LA:

116

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-THREEf

1/2;Li;-; 5 ob-AA -t4

I ...IA.,: 5 j

f)10

J rLs JI Jj1J,1

J fir ji

t) )

L..10. r

,-;%; 1)-- 47--Wy

:LI rtj A'C "Lr:t1 r*"61.,*

yes.

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTT-THREE

4,: cy

. II.q1 L a6t4

I Lal 444 e4.9 Obi.)46.)

)

JIAtis jIj

4.4 t As.) J )%gbil

DIALOGUX ZIGHTI-THRZZ

t .."1 I )4, cptlf *Sc.% (1, Loa%) af .11; fLs

/'-'191 At4rjji:

.1.71 La, iiiru:/1 lide 44;. 6 !j.t.

a...A te1.1:0 cpc J .4 LI 6

cpia ots jJ J./ L.: j.v.

J., IJ e.11,51a. aLfry,

t je No. 01,1 JJ krASJIAN

-vritisalj=it un- 6

o Lt.

J,.IjJjg; .gt. un- I At' 4;

fell. Lit

)lAir eS cob

1101N

t

At.) ": 1"4, .4.w.1.4* 41 14 Y

1.). ;I J1J 011 uto

At; - A

ttj J 6,jj .1) E.; J 6 A

Kr Jar° 'AO Vot "'`

rattljti." W: di.rTtilJJra,Vv

AlA214: I...4' be) j, Q":1, JA I" 6 f tpit

-4,/./11m .41-.;4 41-4 61.P d,

120

e

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-TH-RHE

(Translation)

1- Da yo\!noir this is pry first time on this beach/

No, rdidalt know. Don't you think this is a lovcy beach?

Yes, it's very lovely. I. it possible to swin here?

No. Swimming is prohibited on this beach.

Why is swimaing forbidden on this beaci?4.

Because the waves are often dangerous (it has dangerous waves)

Has anyone ever drowned on this beach?

Yes, every year a couple of people drown on this beach.

5- Are you serious (telling the truth) or are you tryini to'

scare ne?

No, seriously, a few people drown in this(b*each arm( year.

6, How about swimming (nearby.) close to the beach for a little--

Ms not reedy to go in the Ater Jut yet.

7- Maybe you aresafraid you'll catch cold?

Yes, in fac I am shaking right novl

8- Do you t the water is very cold?

Yes, usually,the water is rirry cold this time Of day.

9- Then, wbai. do you want to do?

I want to lie down on Ule sand in the sun.

10- Then I'll go. You come when you feel like it.

Very well. Be careful though, wan't go too far out.

GRAKMAR ANALYSIS EIGHT1-THR'E E

A- There are two types of pronouns in Persians

.1) Separable pronouns

2) LInseparable pronouns

I. Separable pronouns aro:

cp Cr me

you (sing.) you

, he, she/1 him, her

ws I. 1.113

you L.: yoU

tftemthey .44)

II. The inseparable pronoums are:

SO

you

hie, ber

us

you

thoza

The hat:parable preneum aro %wed as tho object of the verb.

B- Separable pronouria are used both as thequbject aud theobject of the verb. Wben used as the subject of the verb

G RAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHiY-THREE

they are called personal pronouna.

Examplei

I study Persian.

You study Persian. ^

He, she studies Persian.

Me study Persian.

You study Persian.

They study Persian.

C- Separable pronouns used as the object of the verb, preeedetho post position " " when indicating direct object.

Exanpls3

Tho teacher saws..

The teacher saw you

The teacLer saw him.

The teacher saw us.

The teacher saw you

Thestescher saw them.

D- Separable pronouns used as the object of the verb precede

prepositions " J1 - from", " - with", " tes eto.,whim indicating object of the preposition or fndirect object.

Nanples

123

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTT-THREE

4.1ii t > ji""4)5 JY. I f:-1 fts

JY.,1j1

)1 r".....jj

C jfi. Jon

oUtij-

tt.gr cp.!

4.,..S.".;

L

c:-Jr 1-11.1 (,

HY friend took nosey from me.

KI friend took money from you.

my friend took money frail hia.

my friend took money fraa uS.

my friend took money from you.

my friend took money from them.

MY friend spoke to me.

my friend spoke to you.

my friend spoke to him.

my friend spoke to us.

tstf friend spoke to you.

My friend spoke to them.

my friend told me.

KI friend told ymmt,

my friend told him.

My friend told us.

My friend to d you.

MY friend ld them.

In Paragraph D,the inseparable pronouns may also be used as

follows

124

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-THREE

r41 my friend took money from me.

N N IP II I you.

I a N N " him.

N I I I I WI

N al I N N YOU.

11w w w N thee.

e JJc. LA t. .$ My friend spoke to me.

c. le if

4).4:"Pifto 1..;"0 r;PiJ/C...%...,.# is LA fp:L.1 J

114/4:11.". C.) 11 (P

c..as 01.44-f

you.

O N X hiaN N N UIII

N I

ft

yOU

N N " them.

My friend told me.

you.

U. him.

US

N U you.

" them.

Note- In the last two examples the " U and " " arc inserted

125

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-THREE

between tne preposition I.!" and " and the iLseparable

oronouno tp facilitate promunciation.

* * *

116

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-THREE

t.6.14.),1 J.) -t"1/43,1° J*0 7 d-r;-4 514%j

t j.) j)k J r.4 J. ts" j )L, t

Lt! e Li" JJ 116-, ./4. )14. tijj "'"

J-v445j1.)1.) I*" JiJ .3)1:JJ j1J-=`)J's d Jre:Si IJ 1-4-" J 1.7r

TJ)14 U40 aL4itt Jvt5 A

t )1J L: 1. 1,1, J.) I

t 6.0 ,jv 1

t jJ t5; )L; J Jj 11

t 4:1 t.)..j CI )1; 1

jJ irA J Jic L.: ij.r.

Ys, J J t(i.A; 4). cp.!) 1.43 a

.t.r )6) f; Is; I 1,

Ly.)6.) 1,11. I I

d J13:-

1'

It J.) IJ J.:1; j.) J n

T

127

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTITHREZ

lAylir La T

141,6: J.$ b-.14* 44%c T 1

TY

T1

t..t.t

Auzie 1:-; A

relj ky T

Ast J

ht;.);.2. .; IL:LA 4.%61

t !) 11 te

J....t1tc......14.3.:L.; 1,1 J-. TY

ac)-R--j1 01;,*ac Ift4 A

jjajjjel--Ti'411-LmhiP 45) J t

.;.4 ) ji

t J1Z.: tipi ji

tcli131 t

t 4.4spA1s ty; 1.40Lf t 1

1-28

1 ?')

z

P

1 I

P*4.44:04. So.44

4:,Pqweta

''`41.;1

741*4,0444.

41.11

s.,.

4.4$4.,

4

4;41.

f*

**-do.

kct,/

044.

447

qil

41,

.041/4,0*

,`444.4e

41-04:

446

44Jiuii

thr

-"te.iics

k)4,44

rgill'

4".*41"

64%,

*so.

111.

err,'04%

Cst jk44%1.

4

tt..4.

4.1

fps--irer

*14.:

4%,7

(g's/

UP:e

tog..1

UV)i

C.%,,,,

ike s

4%,7

4..c./ 41$k

4 a4 ` .1

r4..,,,.../

1-4.14

r 4-*4....

a

./1-'SI"*N"

a:::.A.,,. Pil46

(I4:

7

r_a

Ittlr

r...A.;

it44,te

" 7 7

(Pc/I," i

toi,

..1, /%.,

v

/ .41.9

...fm:r

641ki./

i

READING.EIGHTT-THRiE

oti c--1 uTt11; tiJtc

r.'-vrt'1 uhi,jjl cit: J

.;10-1,A r .:3-bs Jyt cowl,

ole6 )1: Nit JOS'i Nt al 14 Is; f!rit -V

.ste tyLf,

; J j J j J.7.41,1

'311 "el:A 5 ail." t.rtri 0.1.1.11, a",tte -1) .) 0.1

..1.4%.,41; to tte....1,,ks,; ral: J..1

bi 11 4S Joe. jilis J j IJ 11.; Lett. Iii

31 at Jts; 4,1" ejtj J.rt

OL="rT 1t. J, 131.PC wt 4.1re tz.i.LQ I/51 C .31.3

Jr 4 5 tA-5;/caS.re 610.3 agi-J v=t3I .0.t! Jj

4:sigh b ji) ()IT ArtfilJJ ri414." .,5,1) J.;

red.: IJ.rs "1.1 j, tr4 )Lt

1.30

*SO

READING ErGHTY-THREE

Questions on reading

jojtr

t t,tJA r=6 44 r";' tt

t kitAC) )IL

J j t 1 coo,. &lc...L.1,AI.; 10;6. I A.

t J j Cpa dst r; it Y

t ../..La j11.4.n c IA. A

ft.11, KJ )tt J kiAL. 44. b

el-Scl.0.1" L reli; frac

HOMEWORK EIGHTT-THREE

Translate the following paragraph into English.

ki 1'4; S

os.; It...\4h

ADIS J, .rtas& Cps's% .3 ,JO,kim 00 loaer

1.1,44 trIGA 664i; Wks

44,1:411 kart% 1:- 4.6 g-ti;

il:14.7.41 ar. Ole le I I) jai J 4,A; ttr 46 J.11 IJIJ t I JAsjia:

tjLat Aid .3 IS 9 1.) 1.1 4.39; la 00.41

J.. ji:44 ,:)." b

.Prob J4C utia 46.. (>1. larl

JtC: 4.11gb 0'0 JrLia "1"4 ; J 01.1

At, 41,4- 6 114Sb e1s;.).46 0.3 jlrit

VOCABULARY EIGRTY-THREE

beach

pleasant (not used.for persona); it is umuallyused in reference to nature and scenery)

to be prohibited

ways

dangerous

to drown

to fear, to be afraid (of)

to frighten, to scare, to make afraid

seriously

ome, a little

to tremble

I tremble

I trembled

sand

/ e

0 °III 06 J.°

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-THREE

to be careful, to be watchful

to take care of acne one, to look aftersomeone

little by little fito get dark (5.1.4 teit,

darkneme

( near-by plir

LESSON EIGHTY-FOUR

a

1.3 5

;

bi

- --.4 Sri;

, j,

4

a.

A` A

sv ,r `A'

V(i1.4 X

AIL

Aka

R I

1111.......LAY,

1.44,100,

04440.11:,.'

)21'

Pahlavi Avenue leading to the residential area of Shemiran

136

a,

"".

PERCIPTION DRILL ZIGETT-IPOUR

J ):. - tO try on)

Aril Wal LAO oti 41. JpL

-4 t.imII tr tri crel 43.04,4

t .44 064,1 I, oi

( .11 064.1 - to toot)

AZ...*.o OW* 1 ej 1 ma$LS1.4 1 (01."0

maL; 1111 CAPSU 1 L .; 1 01;o:m 4.001.t

4 6%-- I L.% j I J.; J.)

Vr.,...0.3 ela.;1 atri..J f

J.t.: .)14;1 os. Lrus'

t L.: JLI Lite 0.0

1.37f,f 4

)

PERCIPTION DRILL EIGHTY-FOUR

I 11141, GAO I

flJIJ t,t) j.45 C)*

tbtIJl J ILo.rt j .1 I J liow

4.

eliff -1-1.111

fr:Lf 1.) igia!1/404.68:- I .."./1.)

AtA 5 L-.40

138

1 ' :)

6cT f\ _t 1)

? c:. 4 r s

lin _ iti'N'' vl' ,

J : 3

1

I \ ----7.71'`- 4/ - .1')

-r \ t

.

i 14 ° tre

S!. / {f

- V .

&,<ii. I

,' , I, -k,

,.__.--,

=IP

A e i L L

air r ,A1,0\tr

1 1

i ,. ...., ,-

,:). , --0 16id

. ,...:-_ (74.--tt.----,. -a-,,

\ 1 k .

/ 0.4.0, , --"? c A )

< 4 4> -f4_ (ii

z , ...._ 14

/

a

rc-iJet,

-...

li zekr, i -

1

.

.

,

, (IN._.._

..., fre N 111 vi .41, I I

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-FOUR

t j1J

( 1J `J lt. apfJ J

442. 0'4 "I t J JYLti Jim 01.;$

)3: to. 4-14" Pke .pe

raillky

T I 4.1. k4IJ.J

at t`rate

1.) vto 01 J-ot

Jrz tAl v.: IP ara;

*4/ 1. j "kr, 4.41.1fme 6 tfr,ft LAI 6.,s4.;.4 or.

Y

t

WW1

Ca

ati la; fi 45).2.rit.1

rs. .4 &L.'.

04) km. J1 r, j1 J 46:4; JAI A

441 alm )1" 4b'n:11. I 411

5 c.,t,'Ir; 64° 11;%!°. /.1 ()*sf t>=1.1C1 t' ,;° J 40"1

j'== .111`1 (.M1'; lik) 6 64

AI; J )04.1 ; ...t.L# 41 I. I CP cSle

ji Jd -6,0 I -1t: d--iJr 1.) 440 Ld 1: 6 4'71"'"

rA140

ILi 1

,

DIALOGUE EIGHT) -FOUR

(Translation)

1- What did-you wishosir?

I need a pair of black shoes.

What style uvuld you like?

I like that Italian style in the wiJdow.

3- Would you like suede or leather?

I want leather.

4- What is your (shoe) size?

My (shoe) else is forty-four.

5- Try this shoe. Does it fit?

The length is all right, but the toes are too narrow.

6- This one has a wider toe, see how this fits.

It's Just fine and colfortable.

7- Don't you need anything else?

Yes, I need a pair of high heel shoes for my wife.

8- Ubfortunate4 we don't have women's shoes ready -made, butwe make then to order.

Then my wife will cone later and order.

9- Very well, if iou'like this one I'll write the receipt for it.

Yes, please write the receipt.

10- Please pey the cashier one hundred and fifty toonans.

Very well. While you are putting the shos in a box, I'llpey (the cash-register) the cashier.

1 5

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTT-FOUR

The suffix " " when added to some nouns turns the nouns into

adjectives.

Example:

Lei 111111101.

women - pertaining to women

women's clothes

women's shoes

womenle'hats

girl - pertaining to girls

girls' clothes

LAO girls' shoes

)6. girle hats

41.; .1141

boy - pertaining to boys

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-FOUR

_red: boys I clothes

"3!7-at L;41 boys° shoes

J"'"4 315 boys hats

ta 1 J

men - pertaining to men

men's clothes

men's shoes

men's hata

The suffix ",:1", when added to some nouns, turns the noun intoan adverb.

Example I

41; J friOlid4

au; 1JJ4 manky (like a man)

..1).C4.127 He fought like a man;

143

-GRAMMAR DRILL ZIGETT-FOUR

t tol 4.1?

t i..4 T

J. v.

T La:

-)-tir Jet' c-fjt I cAI'l I If

t A

t .si .?. 4:S11

.per S I.?: ad .pr

Je- J-jr o Lz,;-1-Air A- oaa.; I 1

I

t S.,:j 0 L.; le.

t Av.,/ Iem 1.) t

t JiS 13.a. lj I

4.4 Iftle I I.) CIT -41.JiiwnutO 4:-. IJI j.

ej is.c. 4. I.) voh cPS 1Y

,tss 1 A

1.4 4.) 11

IAA. 4.1 011

t ej ob 11

1o-4-. L %-.

t 01144 r

144

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTI-FOUR

4; L.: 4.0 %;9 V t

AzY

.11.3). 0 Low &Ida' I 1t JO 0 b.,4s: .1/4.); 0 Liza urte.; I IV

tc.14.1 ob.Labiti% 'CA

vta .11AzI1 0.r.

1.1% 4An

1 .3 LS 1 (:),A .1" do% fiJter ji bj...$ j IS crte

VC...J.314SL: INS.tt

J irr tt*I t.)-41 ,J1.151CTOittti°

kr-pa)iotitti ryt 4i A

t klf aie f.1

.44 Leyte.; LI; 6.;-".1: ()Le titous" j 3 ", 1,1 t I

trjki. L Ut tr: LAO 0 J t

1 fai-P LAZJI.?,Voz.,te (las ttt

kr') 6." L. 16. ./A`41 Zi":1 011.:141" L. 1

14 5 1 5 it;

GRAMMAR DRILL ZIGHtTTFOUR

Q.... 1 J 1J vit ie. LAO Lb; ivtrlitel ribs LA

Lit..6:),IvIk4OLliw .1/4j14.1 vevJti "

404, jii...1)...L0T. 1

;61 T4-1,4 5 vitt; AL411

.341 Liar I 5 .Jlib taz tax.

t j1J,Ag J1.1.;iikt J y. AI

AP11;41J% pwaht

1.3 jal 111. Ovadir A

J J &tour 0 '1Lit.4.40 gm, 1 1/,

tat4.411%,...,.., i\

ti; ads wit le

4,4: 4.,4usI. J.1,1.1 0 jus

)1 i;Lit JPt -11:4Ft ! j j.) J.s JP 1.

t1/4; gjw j 11 Cft. ottAt (5. 4:"~W INA

J riv Jr. )Att. J.17: "0111111

5 ars c ,I.551,4 a

146

READING EIGHT,T-FOUR

;14.40..1JJ

J.a

:ta:Le'J°at"

ALA Ja.1

; J '61 tJ`° 6.1 J5 la

1.) cfrtytO t J

ap,11.011)-A 4.ur-itlik; (AA 4.;%-vt: "srj 4.410 oil I j Cialt; J 1.) ta Ja; s) AI 4.1661

J I j I. , IJA

16 , a., ; ,,,44 4.1:434

-IA 5 aa-0,

147

READING EIGHTY-FOUR

Questions on Reading:

t. 01,74:-',.03" a L4-tie:0 $."11 0"1

fLIS)J ,$).0

r isft .1) y t t .174- t

ra 4,-;-5(..)v.tal 0.4 LIS or. J a

J JUT

jez LAAS 1.) } Li 0, 0:be LA j!, Y

41.-Ji..).; 04.41- 1.4 ,s UT A

*ley AI: Law tiot ti

HOMEWORK EIGHTY-FOUR

149

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-FOUR

style , model

wi Akm

suede, suede shoes

leather, made of leather

to try on, to test

to fit

toe

narrow, tight

loose, big

wide

heel, high heel, flat heel

custom made, made to order

to order

sa3es ticket, receipt

box, cash register

150

(114 Je.

.73:. Vt.

cp.)). c)100:141

4ursilt

CP-er,

JL"

0.4k1;

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-FOUR

box

,shoe store

shoe-saker

to be arranged, agreed

at least

belonging or pertaining to women

seller, mammon

151

017....0.4

LISBON EIGHTY-FIVE.

152

PZRCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-FIVE

cja.: J )

JA ut4w jJ.PI JJIJ Jikji

.-1-0.411L ,1% ji jJ J )IJ jikji ji

Ij °Lie- 45J Jtj14,1

jtj )16t-

j jtj )1.0r-

L.-m.1.4;444 kr-4:J I cii.)irt 45.)-13

kt-Jaft"ftent fr"rajitrJJJ4r..J.r.41

(.7-.4.1 do J.:14 it yrj )01 J.4-

PERCEPTIOU DRILL EIGHTY-FIVE

J.)

rt.)/ ters Jtzi ede J-:11

t Jjf ta4 &J.

Jviic-)16t.

4.; J LijItairj J

rtAte, Jt-4 ki.,1JJ L

t Zile I* 14 L.:,

155

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-FIVE

,tLiIJ J6,1 )

_r4-- u.tt LT

J LI j

tmlr LLiJi.--;

0.445 ty-e- fiJ )

tz. )10.;.-

J J.

I 1 J L J

Oft

...

.--

:, , ,

.

sip,:

o."40'tr.

1 7.

a .mr ; N

40'w

ir_t _

-....'". "dii"

. .. .

. 01: .

tA. ,-

i IV4. AN.Nallii ' I,d.

4-.--

r liAlfOW Tig.

_ , .11p *411

.f ....4, ......-

% ez. .2. a60

%AAA_

a Da

4.:,1.:mi. f cr-,--...,-,--0 i__,... c...-dr. ---w

? ,,...J 's..........._ .0.

1k.. .

.,. .,..,.. :. ,,,reAvi `OWI

" C.1. - i'...-f: -"-'

; IL .°-w-; .. .. ow

o:/I4 ,----

..- -4'.,"..r*, 0..

.......,

1.

40'

157

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-FIVE

j 1J lj 4.1. J1.61:1.10,1 J.A 4I Jd list. 6 01 j j.

LI 4 Jo J6, I.

7ei.. I. c. Kft.l.

).t..10.14 6 LA )

I T-84 I) 61-1- 41 ma,

1.4. 5.)6' )ti dJi% otA,lositc)t re.° crLii. j5.1 0,0 45 ,1/2; Lip t

..1.;.641:, La j11, dif el cpte.41,

t .1/41 a jI -. fA 04 di.) 44.

?djLSI. flj JjJ rid4.4 &Ls. 6i.1...ai I 0..4 J .t.t ta. 4.;)10 j .3

T.11,JIJ ft.sfAJ rale.:A jto .1.1;1' 6 411

mtils.:-.11J 611.1

.3)S. jk.1.. I 5 tai 66.11 A

ro lc 41

L: I 40.jrcer j . 1

.re Nrn .x.; daVer LjL.jA 6 A

riblyi- jif 45. kptt.) vlat-oti; cy 6 5 Le-.4 I

J.t.: Vo Joe is.

158

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-FIVE

(Translation)

Captain, you know we expect an enemy attack any minute now/

Yes sir, and our forces are on alert.

2- Are our fortifications reedy?

Jim sirs only the trenches are not completed yet.

3- Vilo digs the trenaws?

The men in the first infantry Company do this.

4- Tau know these trenches are very important for ovr defense?

Yes, that's vby I have ordered the soldiers to hurry.

5- What else have you done

Vs have laid severM1 vire entanglements.

6, On which side have you laid the wire entanglements?

Om the morth side, because the enemy attacks from that side.

7- Do you have more barbed wire?

Valve got three more spools left, but / don't think we need

wire any more.

8- Have you camouflaged all the positions?

Yes, we have oasoutlagod almost all of then.

9- gave the men taken their popitione.

Yes, all of them have taken position and are completely ready.

10- Very good Captain, I'll come for inspection in half an hour.

By that time everything will be ready.

159

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-FIVE

" 0 1/4.," meaning "sacrifice, is the polite form for "sir".

It is usually said when the addressee is of a very high posi-

tion as general, minister, king, eto.

Examples

464 "I I) aie Oti Is) Plase sign this letter, sir.

The lard 6 04j; " is also addressed to a superior in conjun-

ction to the responsive word 4.11 ",.thus " Lei 64",means " yes, sir".

to.

6 A

Did you report to the proper!action?

Yes, sir.

Are our fortifications reetel

us, sir.

N 0 Air.) ,f " "to go to see someone

t 411.7r ve IAJ Jji I'll come to'see yott tomorrow.

14; ,..iva; Ji., c, ta. I came to see you, but youweren't home.

I 0 Jilt voS 4: jJ " 3 "t0 be with someone".

160

1

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-FIVE

c..3,1 I was with the commander.

Cd 63) jlP& rS c-,s4Lio- " to tell 'someone".

14,, j:.).6. I will tell you.

of C.. ..L;....);J.J Lr-S J J °I S * to go with someone".

'i4iJ 01)-1P1 C)141.1 --4.4.1%).1 I went to Tehran with him. ,

s i1.61 6 4:110104e " when used with " c. J./", means "to give" inpolite speech.

.16.;:5 Please give (me) your book.

116 !) hIt'S* N N "

The above expressiona must not be used when referring to anyoneother than oneself.

On parting from someone, some phraaes such es the following may

be substituted for "1-411.1. s goodbye" in polite conversation.

LJMay your kindness (or falor)grow more.

At j Li6J

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTT-FIVE

J. it.; j trim. I:Lars.ja

it 6.114.1 1

MAy your favor (or kin4ness)

grov more. .

May your favor (or kindness)

A.) 4.:36.-Akigrow Mores

LIJr rf 4.7 tz..3.0,4

JI.J.; IS Lyng.

*

6.3 ye:Li fs"

*

Jr4; oks.A

May your kindness (or favor)

never grow less.

MAy your shadow never diminish.

MAy your (blessed) shadownever diminish.

* shadow

* s blessed, honored, nateemed

162

GRAMM tR DRILL ZIGHTTFIVE

1,460k 11.14.1

J.J.1 Alai.J ii

t at.) IJ !),1 ()Ayr; jikji4iiiPJ

teLiviIJ lj AlipJ el; t

4.10. Atj I

J aitj J tko" I 1

tat j1J jtheald.t okt:N4.5.3 Y

11.3j1J jlriis ...A

-L4ts Lfi vIC.; 5 ft) J64 31

T j I 4:1).17. J t I J Le: .

APJL1 J10.1 lj n- Y

t c.A.

t rid t,J, JL4..1IJ J le &War I

rt.d.1.) cli...-1c.-1Gz....1/ L 11

(311 lj 60%.",.. I y

I A

OA.t lj JS.1.. 01.) 1'

T.L4 Yr

163

44,#

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-FIVE

t .1/41 061. J J 111,1 b i t

J-;-4ci

J : IA °

our. J.)

fIJ.,t)b, 17r?LLT upt.., rubs

jt..t.t....)1.).)l. rt. di

J:1410 j$0. .01:41* j J., Li. fl!).)1JJ6- rce `4;

f i LT) j tf to.

f utstS.),01.) j tr..; .1.4.; 0 tji

c)1,1 JIA,J j 1.L. A

Lrj.) JuusJ

t dxis LA INT

tsitto bjVJ

hf..17: Jr.) Jir

r )7"" . jJ.J.J.5.) b.-Law 1) t4e5"

II -LIS) 1:" I4.011111111r

t.t,ty

trtt

_ toJr:h.e 0 Jj..f C.... I j 1,17 0.0.2",1

164 -40

1..

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-FIVE

tY

t-L4ritZ-f-I !Jet, "elr (:)!Aap.

6/fe; 1J1-Jr!-- J mg. 0

C..' I 40 it; tAcr "L.* %LA ji 0 1

JIJIJ t )tiol LAI). 4" el171,J

"'I"' a" t. 3U. °I S Aleir5

1.) 011.1. N. trt riy ()IV 1.4 t

t - I ail,. 104 .:SL If, I

t rt./46. &Li. j )6 L

cap J Y

I I;j1 114 La: itfro *A

t ejjter j.4.4 1

"IA Cs' r bt: LarS . 1

atir Lr. J.A LOP: ts1416 "4.r.) is5.1 tic

t .349 tr. r.ults FLArn t

J ij (AL: a/jj-"ott.Ahe 10".1 itie Ls*bw.)..)11 011-16 if)04° 11

1 "410 " 4y: bi Cps: J)Slat 4.5 1.0 La7r. Jr165

READING EIGHTY-FIVE

cr...!..3.1.2.-)Lk..: 1 dt..4.2.01 j J S 1..j j

4z.* L: AT J Li ..v.11.3 1.1

1. t LJA j 1)1

4.: tspt Jai) 14

1 J Aft. 4Yis 4)11.105. a Ki." (."

j 4 t I j .fte.k.C.411,t:j !i L. kt... LkL:

6.1 4.0.1 al* )JdIJI

A 1 kpj.t 4.441, _re; abt1.11 J.,14. .1.Asji A:4

t.ety. tuf JJP4.4. j cy." 15. b1 lj L*)JIr LAWI.

166

READING EIGHTT-FIVE

Questions on reeding:

Jj1 .1) 04.,t J

"""xtb " J6%s

t Ell:. I - le 6:,... 4.1 1..; L: r

t Kob ki.t.k. LA

t4.:..40 Li. 4.s

rld L rij 0.1ra

L

k"--- I LA _re LA 1;1 J cyc A

I Ir JA %Le J I

167

HOMEWORK ZIGHTY-FIVE

In the following paragraph, charge all the verbs from past tenseto present tense,

upj,Jr dtr. *rcu

upjrJr

duT

j 51 Je. 11.0

aljj, (J"ir jL, cliJ Je" 01, Jet

19; Qui.. I &IA 31,44,1 1.0 J.T. 4.0 sz,,64 ta

oiLti 44: le J La d. 6.21 "9! LAO all rh

.10 4.A.4,41 J riT

ve.04.40.1 ijet tij J %LAI do 1. lj çUI

roljaae 44.; .441

168

J1J

V OCABULARYEIGHTY-FIVE

moment

.expectation

to expect

I did not expect him to talklike that.

e

in position of

to ..11 alert

alrxt

fortification('

trench

wire-entanglement

to dig

to lay wire entangliumZ,

barbed wire

spool

present root ofthe verb " c4rn

169

j

Jti,;';! j

.doci:644,

VOCABULARY FIGHTT-FIVE

to remain

' positions

to camouflage

to take position

completely, fully

flepection

yee,sir (polite form)

dispoeitiOn

to be informed

170

LESSON EIGHTY-SIX

171

I Cy./ 0,1

--1111=

,iath,,rmq the tea ,:rop ( lan

Mount l),'ntat end 4nd the s hrine Nava

:r

*AIM.

4

#0

I- -

The northern Zagros mar Hamadan

172

.2

, .11%;

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-SIX

J.; J %c.1 )

roleje Jikam I fl; j I 60". I"; J1

..)14.1li3....1

00.1.667.4 )

EsJ131

j )Lus,!

..t L51.0.1, cfro

t>..

( JJS' )

173

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHPTT-SIX

:

,51).e)1

Lji kb-4 .1/4,4- 1.7i JLa

ace!,

Olitte"

rIsLj owt

j 160.'

PICRCIPTION DRILL ZICIRTY-5II

.Lib %..4;f1 ;", #4Lis

3 "IJ 44; OW" ti164.

stab .1,10 k..111. cof

akOk0.004441040840141A0411..ftrirbalb

175

L.E.G"N Se,. "I I

tall Ilt- t

4r. 41141i1 ',.._14.4. CL; '

2--o

r460114* 111, OPP'

I

1

Ir''....... ,-

.. : .. :9101- .: ISZv-

, Cr I

. AI

Atfo%:?- 4115111.r

' -

v- ser, a.

. ....

_ it tv..

...

?// rd..

w e. I22(114

,: . r .10,

4 111105"-;;;......6.Cro

/.: ,- ....... aS 10. . Mr Mr!.

. i\ 1 /

do-0..c

lcL ,

l t/. r

- ii,

.!. kir .A ....! 2-1r

o.,- , ,----,...----.

...... _ ,--....-5..4

...1

.- itilif-6

...a..

It

.

/,-

-....

milli.1114 SO

.1 ....saw, .III ..._.4_14_, ._

13 Ie..4: 7' . i_a _21_1

e 7..- -/C. 111°-

P

,

-

14;Tj

DIALOGUE EIGHTISIX

01".:. I jj LtiC 111,1

at j.J .) JJ ihf lilt

tilL4 LKL$1-11441j1CAR:S.;%1

o!i) 14.1t. 011 olr 6 4;

.1.16.JUIEl

tc--.1))60r:.101.1),La JAio;

I - I.eIL.j ,rtii IJI1 !1) 145

t ja".1 vi 40i 14; ItjTO t .01a4r .myr t

I /AL: JL JdLi. 44° """ .1!: LO, .4 IA.

1' 4.1.41 J ;Lir) J J 1.7.616

0.14.j P Lt. 1.31."4 J .140) J J Let..11

0014;lt,rey t>tLee1 ."J)1) ".""`"T',1`.LA1,(ALCte)t."

J.;i4J1J1.1.-....Z.; aeijs dlij, 17i. I 4

0110 0

i cp) J.elp jt; 11

t 1.)%314$ A

calilli:"") vik; f4"-!)111°

1O"--1)J6.ilf-hitt,6" di4I

Jt..;0=1JJL 01.7..11,1.3)

rij,j1 j Liz I I tij !... J 6 411

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-SIX(Translation)

1- Is Iran an agrioultvral or industrial country?

Iran is an agricultural country.

2- Do they use agricultural machines in Iran?

Since these machines are expensive, the farmers cannotuse them.

3- How is the fermi& life in /ran?

The /ranian farmers ars poor and their life is very simple.

4- How come, don't they produce enough crops?

Yes, but twenty percent of the crops belongs,to them.

5- Then, who ovxs the other eighty percent?

The other eighty percent of the crops belongs to ths owner(of the land).

6- Then the farmers' situation is not very good. Doesn't the

government take steps regarding this?

Yes. Recently they have organised a program of land distribution

7- .100 you think this program will be put into effect?

I hope so, but it will take a long time before it can be putinto effect.

8- What are Iran's exports?

The important exports of Iran are rugs and dried fruits.

9- How about caviar?

Of course. Caviar is also one of the important exports of Iran.

10- Arc Trans' imports large compared to her exports?

Yes, but the government is taking steps to resecV this problem.

178

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-SIX

'either

Ecemple

or* is rendered by * L * in Persian.

r.t.re

0.,=.;:tb r4j4"..4 L.kr4t I

flv "7-0.,-'4.2* .)1

L. ` L.r.)

CAZ,:to akar

(iLI

JJ'e

f; Yin .)

Tonight I'll,either read a

book or go to the movies.

Tonight I'll either listen tothe radio or watch television

Me is either ating or sleeping.

Last night he either had towrite letters or study.

After dinner, I either listen tomusic or read the paper. ,

In the following statements, since both verbs are the

second verb is normally omitted.

ftemplet

0-Atjl VA' Jr, ("Piji(rA.)

.h.;ke, L. t

(-1-b.,kto

( ore ) 4-;6,14

same, the

Either I'll get Money from myfriend or from the bank.

The students either eat at school

or at home.

Today, I'll ither go to myfriend's home or to the library.

179

1,(j')

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-SIX

( jt ) L41 .

j)ls %)11..11

(c---I)utjJ51-3;'iI

H. either goes to Carmel with

his wife or alone.

He is now ither in his ownhouse or his brother's house.

Ase.600010.4160.ftlibAftekt."11600.6060

Notes To reviev *neither ,60 norms * snd *whether,....or act's* 44..", refer to Lessons 61 end 82 Volumes

V and V/I.

at

/MI

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTT-SIx

t 64,4 J It.. fri I cAely.' Ls,1.1/

1.11,5.1ficA.t :. tt tIff,1 lb

cp.101.1),LIS

t .t1 Y

t J 11; jvii .1)..ti

.

L 12s* j..14; n_ y

t Lei J r.; oT tJ L J r1çic

t (.1.0.. I L.:. 61a.14 4.: 01,1 I

tow: L. 431, jte, 1; I oT I 1

.444 C4.41/1 NS. T I

44 4;64.-.4 Li. cp... A

t:,. Iota' t...11.1. 1

T J.,' ..IJ I t.): e.; jJ).1. T

t I C.04,1Cfdl Lille): oT T I

T T

T !) 006,1-111 4.; uro L.

181

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTT-.SIX

LI -Itj: T

T 1

Te...4411,0,101kr..6 T Y

I 016 - T A

T J 01- T I

I ji La 4.1 t,./;- 1"

11 41. J./ dj.4 41 et- lj 1` 1

" .1/41 .1/5. Jr, Jfiaj;

- ft4JIJ krvj: ty; 144 kiJjja krAJ r

IJ 404.7% 0; L4 ulft; L;41 "4.3 IJ 41410:n,1

-Le 14* L.6.1 A

I

ArS le- I I) t

le- 1 boy VS L.p, t

Kg. 1 c. .... IL lb.

t

t

182

1 0".)

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-SIX

tc-.ILAIJJL. .0)1:wt.; 05.04:-IJJ5

t 1j...I 41.41J Li t A

t I'L.1 JJS JJ 5 1,11 !) LIY" 14'd

11,14 J, ollio5-.1)1c:iis

(1

0

TJJIJ _tEti.1,4 )1AI sy

Lo?JJMQIt J.S.2 Jj a ubj.....r a.S.1- jo 1 I

...I !)....k..* J 0 it.. tio. 0

Cr' ...I C. I Jj j;.,. di) US '5444 -- 1

t J.4tij L Jj.) y

t J LS Aic,i 4j1 ij,;1 omit) I/tic:45J I 1

.1",.101j1.1 tjaiji fr_ic &dip;

t 17,1 o. L:p; 1 t

5 Jr. 1 t

1 °

I d 1 1

-......ci-t)A: 0 Ji Lt * it flaut

READING EIGHTI-SIX

dliNi%sk

0a 4%; 11-11 djP UT

CP. 61,1 e4J3 ITIA. J11 Lgte 10.4* "Ir

let jat .kpe LjJ,L4j1 44 10.51

4.4 iT J1: t. 4, .1 c,,it 4: L., e"; ihae

j it, "Jr; A 4..6 Lrikal fA )46 .P Aftit 1 etj I J LA 1r 4,str. 'al,

4 a t.%., it.......1,. .0.41J 4; )I, 4.4 ,,,t of rob 6 tjau,..0 4; JJS,

j to. 4 jell juT

clear: op; li J.'S a J 6.-..1 c.1 ti,c....4)., uji.; ji J ji.,

i rA ; pa

dc.....1 e..ijr ow"; , I A .1)

414. JA J-; :..t' k ...". fr-jc VI LO J..)-k: t.A.P3 /Jf j I 5 t>ri 114.7 L.

AsS fLiji 0.1z t>r j L.. J... .1.2;,

* T.nio Court

184

READING EIGHTYSIX

Questions on reading s

4-4,v its 41p Jukt(

t ci L. 0.441 j T

jia.. I 4s itS1 4% Otte

t.611g c.o.; rid I t

t .v.11 L41...40 ;I 0464

t J.; Ifj S.zs j I urit"t

ssa;balbstiri A.,. Le;164.)4;j1 %LAI

t trir. c>ej jII A

1-4 vie: J,IJ Jtei-11 I

t .a.L.;,...tr, cot; b 1

HcontWORK EIGHTY-SIX

Translate Reading Eighty-five, Page fourteen into English.

186

VOCABULAkY ZIGHTY-SIX

to make use (of), to profit (by)

poor,

plain, simple

belongs to

(Arndt

to tak step, to take action,

to arrange, to put in order

to carry out, to nforce, to execute

to be carried out, to be smorced

exports ( to export) (

imports

dried fruits 41:4,6,

caviar

limination, removal

to eliminate (to be eliminated)eb) 0.11e1),

187

VOCABULARY ZIGHTY-SiI.

to divido, (to .be divided)

landa, territoriso

distribution'

distribmtion.of land (land reform)

agrimatural machismo

raci

4.sim) ret

sk) 'US at* or:L

LESSON ItiGHTI,-SEVIN

189

2, ;

.16

0111011ki,_p......_

;

41.0

.

mai

40-

I

ig.g111°'

.

11, Nift 46' 41-.*t, MX-ft ; ,

low* 1%*

44.

410ob

.

Twe 15th century miniatures front Koala and Dingo's, the book of *Anal fabiosxecs/ad In As studios of Prince Semmes, MIrse: "Unity Is Strength" end"Th. King end the Wondorfel Gird."

190

PERCEPTION DRILL EiGHTY7SEVEN

iji; 43; .1 NJr

rs oat.) ji ..;i4 om

j paprori-Jili

Telt/ 4401/2J eki" Etc.)%

,( )

jviv..)Lor.

c.......1.J1,,...Lr.ljejj.14;,..101

4 'TIP." I.) CP J'kx; Jj 41;.)

4 L...lt L4 .ria%

191

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTT-SEVEN

t44.4 c.3011.1 ;xi

TAistrj,IJI !)6:- 100114' CPO *Li YIP

192 .)

. .1

.

r

A. a ,E" .ff CP N EST

DIALOGUE ZIGHTY-SEVEN

.40,3 oi.p0 J.) 6J:it

rtA ot-11 tir jt

4r-lt- .rka; Air JJ'" j1 .1:*441

tb -*Jur-1r I.) L--t.11%; dir J U-ti

La. 43. U. elm" oyg-

t Jr*.i. di tar tir 0.0 a gig

olr.11 er5 Jiis Jrtat

A14 oii-ois ter othii cArivt;14.1

Ltst6 41.4 14; 6 0 de: 6 A

?).004..g.tAJote,..:AJ

sia:,./i ply;. Lit-Alire 4 juir,451.p: rob oLtats

T.3.1,14JILd.a-v, oir4: 4;14 tSL4jt

fs 6 6;

%XL.) 1j L.,..t; 01,0 J J4mULP ,r1.0 kiby

int i 6 .4

- Y

A

DIALOGUE EIGHTT-SEVEN(Translation)

1- What 'mem did you see (visit) in Iran?

I saw the 'Iran Hasten' museum.

n_ What attracted your attention in this museum?

More than anything, the doorway (facade) of the museum attra-

cted my attention.

3- Why did the doorway attract your attention?

Because it is built in the style of the "tags kasra".

4- What benefit may one derive from seeing this mmseum?

One cen gain some umefUl information about Iran.

5- Do the school children visit this museum too?

Yes, all the Grammar Schools and High Schools take their

students there.

6- How about the college students?

They also go there in order to become acquainted with their

ancient country.

7- ,Did you visit the magnificent palaces of Tehran too?

Nos fortunately I wasn't able to see them.

8- By the way, is there a film in which one can see the "Iran

Bast#n" museum?

Yes, you can see this museum in the film "Capital of CtrCountry".

195

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-SEVEN

" 5 "8 meaning "way" is-used in the following senses:

6!) - way"

LLso 4.a.) Jo 5 Cps

L'; 1/2.; aj)1" jP1 I

-1-4 I.) 1.) cis

'

N - om the way" :

- J J J erg° JAjj .

r I

Jt:rA".).P.'

" J for, for the sake or

to choose

I know the way to school.

H. still doesn't know theway to his house.

I know the way.

There are two ways to do this(work).

You chose a good way.

The way (road) has opened.

I saw him on the way.

Yesterday I was on the way forhalf an hour.

I am on the way for ten minutesevery morning.

From Monterey to San FranciscoI'll be on the wqy for threehours.

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-SEVEN

,*:CC*174-e.dj.J1-1/1

01VA 5"3'1'4

d5J J, 1

0"1.10

1114 dS. J.)* 0-11

t)J1J dij

Hs is working for the progress

of his country.

You work very hard in order to

liar's (for the, sake of learning)

the' Persian language.

H. spends a lot of money forhis sonls ducation.

For God's sake help thiamin!,

Into yield right of ky, to let pass" $

-4-11J-:41.) LAA

0 J

Please let me pass!

- to allow to enter, to let (someone) come inNs

II641°.;°/J 0:/°;14.JJ !!.)%

n 0J1j 5 to aucept (informal

He ean't let me enter his house!

..1.; 4: di, IJ J .1) 1 They did not accept him at theUniversity.

1972 .

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTYWEN

jj4j.,.tAtia..k.4.1 Ij $.1,61 ei &bilk T

Aear tir j I t?J./ kr"Ltj'441 1"."14; di, rid 6

C....m.1 .1 Libq j.4.: rid 1

-11Jjfivi 11A; &tr.,"1./kratr ".)-14; krALTifi-t LA-6% dj A

t ot-AtoW dj.rji

t isaeS -4J -1-2Arc-k:ii bo-eqAte

ITfi1/4,110,11,Jok04/ile.t.te.a... I t

t at.. ir rid.) t0!)..ts jbT jI 011.

..1;- L. ,$)C j rA

t-siftrair 1.),1)-6;oLte .rir Y

J di J r sip cpel J ji lA

1

J1 T;I 141,... 4."

t raJi.d.A.,1)11.1 T

jAii.c...6)111

196

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-8E17E1f

4.1.-likrif 14)1 Asia c- 6)161 I Titake'rftrnmf 6)1.6 13 ixgAim dbf -44eJsi To

.3,1 -4. 4 4166161

t h.,:rei rldiricil; las T Y

t rialpTuL;Ij A

re C/. "3 al mvs: flt AO; la: .1.) J. ult. &Jr j f

a,: IAA; 1 I

IJ 44 tft..).20 4) J.,' .;14)..; krf, ft AtJj.; Liji.JIS t«,.;.; jyra.:1.) tft

tc.,IfidiCt).1.1r6.1.;1,3t>t,:41 fttu.I fr.,:; tx.1:4; tijidtrALUIJ

4= 3 "is ).:90traet)e L aLisasi,,t tYt ej lit Ijpa If a Lir A

I ki 01141

t jr:St 4:60 tt turtaf at 1).0 1pr

t 0:11.1..)0" cjIjitljJ I

011) kit...A: Jeri% csit ttTv...14;0,o j tar jr. salw:rt` e..307 my,

J Li; trc.. LA j t of.IjtL $i tI

199

2111

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-SEVEN

4,tzt, j1.4.i. j I J.,. t Y

Erc t A

tsz..14,1401"..14L4

tJmJIJLf Etr I -,.

%tr. J.4mi cr)15 4>ti J aemal * 1

Jipi%s. 16 1'

s4. je L.U.44. 4.51,1 4Iiii wah /if

t 4.42. L.4 tc.j).4441) .a.sh eo

.1).0 1

Yo ie... 4.0.45#1.Z.ijobtr, J Lits...1; 1J 4.41.T ytbijtJyra.:14 laid1S-4tr.«.:14 OA

Att.; 1J cr:lj ss 0;51.1 ket,;;L)

4-$113; r).61 1).sl .1-4` aLL:T Jarttis 1

.11 k J 1=1.; I

t cp. j. L.:11.) 1 T

(:)1J11 JP4 J"11 1"1- 114

e koli6 citt. I. jy:S floi 1 t

oh... it 0!/....1 dip ji otelJotyik4cw.. 6311, krwf 14 J.0441 1 1

re.147S c.10)t1.1 Lit j I f;13:-.0 cp. 1Y

Cwit 11/216 01.0;reT 4..Ai I !pt ettojestib Wet A

t uoji Av. .3.) eij 11

200

READING EIGHTTSEVEN

sib14; La I; Al tr.

Lao. jr

I* JrIS. c34-..

ji4a j " 419 1.)-43 tcLe*'.jjer..1 J 4:--1 sokit ol."1

J tT I el:1A S fr4ft r. 4.; 051.1

01;1Ti",..1.1

41et-!,

.1 aL toihut-.)

IA 1 r.4:6 fkLA .6.7-.3 I al

atil 1.311. I 4 j 0.t1 1.41.;

LOD ae--: 01.1.).3.1- J.:4 Lr-s .31i- 0; 11.m.

tira-c 4.5ti

siair 1).4; J I d L ts

-"Alklr"': LtdrJJ 011.1t.a.;ij

aljt j L L pi I 6 J.:A ji v... L. ya 01.1

rtS c.-41.4.4 j ALA !pi. 4,41,1JJ jI Jai JO..

J.Lsje sto

201

READING EIGHIT-Slirlif

Questions on reading:2

g-....-..rget.5 all arisi

t JUb Ile Lt: fiat; Cm. I J j I 4.; j

j bit el.; &Jr 41; Olt j t

t c 011 j ti.g. ji* t

.1-"l1s AO ajp 4)11)% oljrartruIJ

.1.0) 'Ji>t1J r...cuIJ

ao.).1 Jer 011 41.416; _y

sae-L. Jr 44 r A

414. Jew.; cyt.A.? Lair aJtj Ite%.2alss 01) yil t;31.3

44.A6.i.. &I-4.LO) J Loa*, en I J jot"; iv%t

4

HOMIWORI Z,IGHTILSiVEN

a.r...0.4 44.1S. 44. 0 1.f.1 Let Lel I At ta.

203

.VOCABIT-LARY ZIGHTI-S$VIN

MOO= .

TIBIA

the ;ran Hasten muse=

, to attract'

(/ 2'-vaqe,kasra

useful

to obtain, to gain

'armour School and High School student

Grammar Sohool

High Sohool

lkiver411.ty

ancint

maguifioent

iMividuals

for, for,the sake of

vi1

dirI /

. cps/ °kJ

t'Ir ts 050 I;

jtl

.0AO*

4)4 tv44.

() ( ) ;JO- jta I is

Lacis

obrivia

dttivs.

4

4D.

.VO'CABITLARY EIGHTY-SEVEN

acquaintance, fasi1iarit7

ancient

ancient relies (mains)

LESSON EIGHTY-EIGHT

206

2

1%.

IttA

a

110

a.

`44..4-1/4

Ailikambr-1. 4A,4.. I&

fir

4-

PERCIPT ON DRILL EIGHTY-EIGHT

jpit jt CeNibt"

L

J AIL; Lt.:I

e

000f 0;4 )

9,1,/ (lit sitel tar.) J

JLelle kiic atte, jtuale.

I Jill

te) )

206 2

PERCEPTION DRILL EIGHTY-EIGHT

lj cr.: J L

1.3

J.; 10)11. j

rtiir ty-4 C. IOW I.

"IC 41 41,4"11 *1/411 a; IOUs t ,p; 4.r

vaQ0 .

gic

11 447,,,,

, vi...CI 401 711,16.

ft .rniitra my- 10(A

whs.,

cs1

f ...tN -

t LIF

alC.

6 ? V 0 lir 0

./....., ei.! ,

.. . L

1,-.)v. .

fr .....7

...... _,

,...._ .....,ago.. ,

Vi

I

... .,, .,,Ac_ .. :.

+IV-

A? .. 9 ,/-/'. ,

40.°!r , air sNtx

.

1 -4._1 ,

401401.°C19t /-11.

A'. ...10

(

ejliiIrt (..

LJ1.

4

DIALOGUE EIGHTY-EIGHT

lars 10, AIfJ,,sat. J., ILA= utj A.; I

AlpJ. ith.t. Lauf J hmw J T

(-1111 ev.risobile:"IJ

t4ourt..A.7.1jylo,

er 4.7.6 cott,..L.:451,.:4;.... I.:

hkir: er-4-) tie5i1 J**" ,j1,7 tt 1.) J ft J QS". jit; .pr 6 A

t I) J .0106r

1.144J1k..I entapii 6 6.416. Lrmg,

)11 titleJ Pi° t f 44' Vrfts

LOIC/r.)ei till "1/4°) (:),UP cibir

(1536eur it;LoL

ri j,,T4: Jitt raj 6.1*, li.)11, I 6 ALI

tAge ¼L au!, v44- 6401i 14jJ.;JIJ I) JoI,1

t 41`) "11 /JAS of

J.rf 15.+0 L..%.JA,J4bLILJaie

6.1° 6 Ito 5.11`

414,%. C 10)UP I eit 0,t" 6 ft Ar;5::-1;;14-b*

-

A

211

DIALOGUE EIGHTY- .EIGHT

(Translation)

Whore have you been Sgt?

I'm ooming back from the Beconnaisance Company H.Q.

2- What were you doing in Company H.Q.?

I vas reporting on my mission.

What vas your mission?

I had gone on a reconnaisance assignment with a patrol group.

4- Were you able to approack the enemy positions?

Yes. As ve were advancing under concealment, the enemy didn't

see ua.

5- How did you see the enemy positions?

As always, we used binoculars.

6- .What kind of binoculars do you usually use?

Sometimes vs use field glasses, sometimes B.C. scopes.

7- Did your mission-end successfully?

Yes, ve secured the necessary information.

8- How did you know what you were supposed to do?

They briefed its in the Company H.Q.

9- Who briefed you?

The Company Commander briefed um; personally.

10w. Well, what did yea disoover?

Sorry, I ain't tell. This information is classified.

4

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-EIGHT

/

nitive.

Rumples

/Jr

after", and 'J before", precede the inn-0'4

(.) JI 446.,

.gaol 4.1.11 em:1"...110 J.), LLA.:

r-rsts- ..1°%ti J.hti`j14.Ar,

1;4f" &j.N14. "51 ji ttt%

f laao b L: ;A; 6%.40 4.0i. 1014.4

S.

After eating breakfast, I go to

school.

After eating breakfast, I went

to school.

A/ter eating breakfast, I must

go to school.

I take a Path before eatingbreakfast.

I took a bath 'before eating

breakfast.

I must take a bath before eatingbreakfast.

j, 0..0, and " ji (10" are the synonyms of nil " and

" respectively.

W 41 J44 arter" precedes verbs in the present or past

Union. It does not precede the infinitive in this sena..

Exanples

. d., A., di.L..)J1.LA.;

1 rJ.4,1%). 4.6

213

After I ate breakfast I went

to school.

After I woke up, I took a bath.

GRAMMAR ANALYSIS EIGHTY-EIGHT

f4VIYILPY 1;41C" `L°4

"wilect jyur 40.;64.14. JI

f

f f J Llat:A Ja61

e Oret.P (A. tiba.

After I took a bath, I gotdressed. .

After I eat breakfast, I go

to,school.

After I wake up, I take a bat.,h,

After I take a bath, I get

dressed.

Nbtioe in the above statements, the present tense is used in both

dependant and independent clauses. However, sometimes in Cello-

quial Persian, the pest tense is used in the dependant clause,

bat the meaning is the same.

Ixamples

011144w2 1146: rtoi4-3Nri 4...!; 1.1.04 After I eat breakfast, / goto school.

After I wake up, I take a bath.

After I take a bath, I get

dressed.

r 136.' fAst j IA*: 46 I %LAI

1416114,4 Foji t Law I eil."1

" 410 j1 vtig before" always premodes the subjenotive in the

depeisdant clause.

s

.9/41* ft"` .;14° ivtr.

fl,iirow., U AI; lair.

Before I eat breakfast, I take

a both.

Before I eat dinner, I study.

GRAM.MAR ANA.LYSIS EIGATT-ZIGHT

4:. I. Ifart . J

r"Jf r pykl 4.0.;

An; V.) Wit tz ot%

CA r, .":"te"4 AI ;ILA%

fji4,1 ;1 ,- after" and "

synonyms of Ay .L.". and

Before I go to the movies, I

will call you.

Before eating breakfast, Itook a bath.

Before eating dinner, I

studied.

Before goins to the navies,

I called you.

44.1 j% j/i - before", are the

respectively:.

0,RAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-EIGHT.

A.1.1 T vir

J.r..1.1.2. Ar...

41.1;.41. tp:L.14.4 0 6.0" 0\4; t

Ai ...A a L Ls: tails. ....,

jtral..L.t jj,I .t xj.rts. *sr ut L latuf Y

aLL.: otabils. _ A

J y JLL: laijr . I

t Cvmsoleftairj i

kiwe Awl) lir . I 1

t ir I I

t L^ 71.4. I t

(14.tir I t

jj.e. LAO

t Lit/ LA aloe

.1j4t L: .$1.614.-0544";" OeuJJ tr 61,7"6 19

JIAtis L:prog J L - A

6,L1c. 14U. I LA i

c..1011.1 ¶

S,*I Lit aftAel.

caiqtar J.tir _ T T

st.s...tAJ); tiefht I t

216

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-EIGHT

7110.

J Y

e,t1 up.4. 6,3110 T

44' 71tIco"ls:JC; a 11

.1/44 sirtew"r. Le: T

J.L.4'.2, Awl% LAZA .A.; J a...6 r A

J Atte ¶

tA.tls .44

0.01.3 L6.4

L, cprups Y

Itei 11/40" CASIJ 1.) LA4: j 1 6°.

JA) 5. tit I J Cpeadp 4 t

.41.J outto,,, 4 tothAi J tie 50. to; J 4 r

, Ai- Up, Y

3 04-1, Ir ..31.4r cp.40 J A

tAti d.3). Lust riTA.640 ut:L..3"1,1 t

I' J..0 J sis Up3 tt ,

1) c.11,. LA a.'

44: Tii-tS cr-:.3te 4)144) t tt

.14 4..ita tcp I 03L., 44. t

217

GRAMMAR DRILL EIGHTY-E,IGHT

Ar).111 cr: 44;6i tY

tJAIpjm,I cr.: c.tri; A

v.\ elco"J I C.,4 a-45c- lia; °at

fah Ala j. 5 I cr: 4146 J jJAZ. MI. lj 4.1.1 1.4 1.

t Lji L LIt J %at, aiT

t UN& LLk«, Lji 4t1 t

t VOL lj LAA.4 ix:.

TJftSö II. 1.4 j L 1

t c..glip le

1.) ot) tr4z.liir it 31 A

ks,),)-40:44 16.4 Si ,Isr- i

t 1

t 6.1.)".14. IOU. I .;

t coks Ate!) 4;1)11, 1 1

t 41:J1J J1J1 .4; LA-1\j "its c.101.1.1 1 t'

t Av.) 10)11. t

4.; J J.; &Ate.. 1Nil c.): 1.0.4;

1.41 lj a; ltpois c..13U.1 01,1

la. 11.0

t lj 4.:1J". 11614JUJI I A

ii)1,6 I

218

2 ?

Pe

iimIN

44.,iiircl,

'

0.441

,n,s,IN

er

1+ tofa

a--

.41:1,

i2Ncp,?

46%1

c'

I

'7:1..-

*0-

oroci,e_

-

I477C,

4

r7

jer

.4.e.icei

ofte

'I%

A"'I

ptv.

0

7.P.A

0

4,6.,

Pli.

..0.;41

,...

7er01

.-1r

P'y_...,

..r

"lio:

Tr)-

I

:.4._. 4*

..4.__7:4""i A

prt...3f*

71r".

"4Ae.

°Irere

Ar"'

'irfthe.414%.1.41

.11%""

4b1+

e

/."

-I'm'

crt,

,

I'''ter

IIS**.%

f***;.,,,,

,,..,

visC

"".1.-

arC/.414

/..".r

-

711..r.e,

oto-ie

-0;g1)

*7r

Ai"

'

.,..

i

trr

i',4,

Pt-s.-/-N

ir

t,.

.ir"PNe.1...-.

I

-

rk$

*ftiv,

.1r,...f.,.

tobw.

I"7n

'."

1

r.

fi.r

4'

A

..Vf

fre

'14'Tr,

,7,14:1

-we

now./

t4e:i.t:/...,3,:.i

.A.-7

.Isr,.

z#0

rr

z

4.

4

READING EIGHTI-ZIGHT

Questions on readings

t

t J):. te,.4 J Jr.16.4 .06.1- LA vLeS

LA.:A jti 014' 1).4. t

J eir J

T4-41* At-a-v.)1J c)...tJege 41-1 -tit

J J1; se.%) 6.frj Y

41.1/40.1. a.) if 14 awid. A

e.441 4.714. j Im

I r.4. J.A.10 4,61 Jj.,11. A.:/sji 4014.)112 I IA.

2 '?

720

HOMEWORK EIGHTY-EIGH T,

After reading the paragraph below, answer\the following questions..

J 'Ls dI I ,s,ss ata

cy.1 -I.; J10 4...) 01-7-11 .1 oto.r.:.;IJA.A.Ira.:IJ

Q.'`aA cy...4cAni ;t JL, ,ii ibdo

\ 01,1j j.. J.; J J 4)..im 1.1.«. 1,1:1 tir L.) jr.tj

5 I Jfill j..6; j 1 GI. 1. *4)..S j LV

40,01.11.0.1ii ji ji 4:16.4,7:~0 I howl: 4,*) !pull tips J ajef J.J$

4.1; 5:46 biaLS.t. &kJ ajr c)... Ii Ai yi:%.4.; J ijrItitai,

J.;...t Wart ololload:/

ta;.31,04.:J.ir fJ1

1% Lt 1.) 1)

"AjI.,; 01J.,514,6; 61.4"*.r

stii 01-11L: 0Ltai

Aji; 1,1r .;" er-.1 o -1-v) jtats.) tit I get CAte"-Iji

221

232

1

t

1

VOCABULART fIGHTI-ZIGHT

Headquarters

reconnaissace

reconnaisance company

group, plitoou

patrol

to appro4a

oover. conoealment

binoculars

to observe

Botttery Commander soopes

field t MOS

to discover (to be discovered)

to brief, briefing

personally

sq4.140111

222

2`.?,1

J bawl,

tAifl

eq.tau

/.1haiiet 4:10.

ot;lx

t>ft

oilitifted.Lo

41.1 Oitti,

(

tJt 6 0j/J.AI r.4"44

VOCABULARY EIGHTY-EIGHT

to obtain, to a luire

classified, secret

41)

men

223

9 9 IA